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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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2013 - 201412
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 12
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Analysis for Grain Yield and Its Components in Hulled Bareley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
    (jnkvv, jabalpur, 2013) Singh, Durga; Singh, Ashok Kumar
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of Elite Lines of Wheat Collected from different parts of Madhya Pradesh
    (JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2014) Dixit, Madhur; Shukla, R. S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
    (JNKVV, 2013) Pal, Namita; Koutu, G.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Verification of Soybean Varieties by SSR Markers
    (JNKVV, 2013) Bisen, Aanchal; Khare, D.
    ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oilseed crop all over the world. The narrow genetic base of soybean makes variety characterization for registration and plant variety protection based on morphological descriptors difficult. Correct characterization of varieties could be achieved through distinguishable, uniform and stable expression of molecular markers. Information on genetic diversity and relationship among breeding materials is essential to a plant breeder for an efficient crop improvement. Information on genetic marker for parental selection could have a favorable impact on breeding efficiency and it may contribute to achieve the goal genetic improvement in soybean in short period of time. The accurate, fast, reliable, and cost-effective methods for identification of plant varieties and genetic purity of seed are essential in plant research, seed production, seed certification and in implementation of Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Right Act. Every variety has a unique DNA fingerprint because of its genetic makeup and variations in DNA sequences. It has been extensively exploited as genetic marker for genome mapping in last four decades. A total of 38 genotypes of soybean under active seed multiplication chain including all the varieties developed and released by JNKVV, Jabalpur were characterized with the help of 50 SSR markers. The modified CTAB buffer method(without liquid nitrogen) of genom¬ic DNA extraction from soybean leaf tissues yielded quality DNA as yield by CTAB method involving liquid nitrogen. Out of 50 SSR primers 23 were found amplified and scorable. The SSR loci produced 51 alleles with an average of 2.2174 alleles per locus and a mean genetic diversity of 0.2339. The polymorphic information content (PIC) among genotypes varied from 0.5263 (Satt431) to 0.0499 (Satt243 and Satt337) with an average of 0.1998. Pairwise coefficients of genetic similarity between all genotypes ranged from 0.56 (JS2 and NRC2, JS72-280 and PS1241) to 0.97 (Pratap Soya 2 and PS1042) with an average of 0.761. Out of all the 23 amplified markers, 16 markers were polymorphic while remaining 7 monomorphic (Satt183, Satt229, Satt269, Satt294, Satt326, Satt399 and Sct_187). Eight of the 23 SSR markers distributed on four linkage groups (I, J, K and L) were able to amplify ten unique alleles of 12 varieties viz., Bragg, Harasoya, JS20-34, JS72-280, JS75-46, JS76-205, JS90-41, JS93-05, JS97-52, MACS450, NRC2 and PS 1241.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic studies for yield and its attributing traits in exotic lines of lentil
    (JNKVV, 2014) Kureshee, Shamma parvin; Pandey, Suneeta
    ABSTRACT Present investigation entitled “Genetic Studies for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Exotic Lines of Lentil” was aimed at identification of physiological and morphological traits influencing seed yield. The experimental material was consisted of 71 genotypes grown in randomized complete block design in the Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur (M.P) under Lentil Improvement Project during Rabi 2013-14. Observation were recorded on 13 different yield contributing characters such as days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. For morphological characterization of genotypes, data were recorded on traits viz., leaflet size, foliage color, growth habit, leaf pubescence, stem colour, tendril formation and flower color, and seed traits viz., seed colour, seed surface, cotyledon colour and seed size. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were observed for characters such as Plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant, indicating contributions of additive genetic variance. Therefore, selection for such traits may be rewarding. Seed yield per plant shared positive significant association with harvest index, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant and biological yield per plant. Hence for genetic improvement of yield, these characters should be given prime importance. Path analysis revealed that harvest index and biological yield per plant, exerted maximum positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Hence, for enhancement of yield these two characters should be given due importance. Based on the studies of correlation and path analysis, characters days to 50% flowering, total number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index(%) can be considered for formulating high yielding plant ideotype in lentil. Tocher’s method resulted in formation of twenty clusters. Clustering of genotypes was not associated with the geographical distribution and mainly grouped due to their morphological differences. The percentage contribution towards genetic divergence by 100 seed weight was maximum while, days to 50 % flowering and total number of pods per plant showed moderate contribution to genetic divergence. Magnitude of divergence was low for days to maturity, days to pod initiation, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant. On the basis of D2 values maximum genotypes were present in cluster I, followed by cluster II and cluster XII whereas, cluster III, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VII, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster X, cluster XI, cluster XIII, cluster XIV, cluster XV, cluster XVI, cluster XVII, cluster XVIII, cluster XIX and cluster XX had only one genotype in each. Maximum inter cluster distance i.e., 1509 was reported between cluster II (X2011S 189, X2011S 133, X2011S 87, X2011S 154, X2011S 111, X2011S 172) and XVIII (Flip 2010-96L). The hybridization between individuals belonging to these clusters may leads to the formation of superior segregants/ transgressive segregants. On the basis of cluster mean values, cluster XIII had highest mean values for days to 50% flowering, cluster VII for days to maturity and seed yield per plant, cluster XVIII for plant height, cluster II for number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant, cluster XV for total number of pods per plant, cluster XVII for number of effective pods per plant, cluster IX for number of seeds per pod, cluster XII for 100 seed weight, cluster III for biological yield per plant and cluster XX for harvest index. On the basis of principal component analysis, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0.5 eigen value, and showed about 92.72% total variability. The PC1 showed 36.76%, while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and PC7 exhibited 18.27%, 10.96%, 7.48% , 6.75%, 6.49% and 6.02% variability, respectively among the genotypes for the traits under study. Rotated component matrix revealed that the PC1 accounted for the highest variability (36.76%) and mostly related to physiological and yield contributing traits like days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. PC2 was dominated by yield attributing traits viz., total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant and biological yield per plant. An intensive selection procedures can be designed to bring about rapid improvement of dependent traits i.e. yield by selecting lines from PC2. The PC3 was dominated by harvest index and seed yield per plant. While, PC4 was related to 100 seed weight. On the basis of overall analysis promising genotypes identified are as Flip 90-25 L, Flip 2011-43 L, Flip 2010-106 L, Flip 84-51 L, Flip 89-71 L, Flip 2011-43 L, Flip 90-25 L and Idleb 2.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization and evaluation of rice germplasm for yield and quality traits
    (JNKVV, 2014) Sharma, Mukesh Kumar; Singh, S.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of stable soybean genotypes in excess moisture stress and dense plant population
    (JNKVV, 2014) Singh, Prateek Kumar; Shrivastava, A.N.
    ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine Max) is an important oil legume crop of the tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Stable Soybean Genotypes in Excess Moisture Stress and Dense Plant Population” was conducted at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur during the Kharif season, six July 2012 under JICA Project on Soybean. This investigation was carried out with 25 genotypes of soybean in randomized complete block design with three replication in three environments viz., control, dense plant population and excess moisture with three replications in each environment. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication per treatment in each environment. Data were recorded for traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of nodules plant-1, nodules fresh weight plant-1, nodules dry weight plant-1, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of nodes plant-1, internodal length, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, biological yield plant-1, harvest index, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, path coefficients and stability for seed yield and traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant and desirable level of variability for all the characters in each environment which indicates that new suitable and stable recombinants may be achieved through hybridization programme by involving these genotypes for different environments. The high magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for traits viz., nodules fresh weight plant-1, nodules dry weight plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds plant-1 in all environments. The high magnitude of both coefficients were recorded for traits viz., biological yield plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Number of branches in excessive moisture condition and biological yield plant-1 in control condition showed high magnitude of PCV. High heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for traits viz., number of nodules plant-1, nodules fresh weight plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and seeds yield plant-1 in all environments for trait viz., nodules dry weight plant-1 in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Whereas high heritability along with moderate genetic advance were recorded for traits viz., nodules dry weight plant-1 while in case of dense plant population and for harvest index and 100 seed weight in case of excessive moisture condition showed preponderance of additive gene action. Remaining characters showed non additive gene action The path analysis revealed that substantial positive direct effect on seed yield was exerted by biological yield plant-1 and harvest index in all environments. Number of seed plant-1 and 100 seed weight exhibited substantial positive direct effect on seed yield in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Whereas, plant height at maturity in control condition and number of nodes plant-1 in excessive moisture showed substantial positive direct effect on seed yield. On the basis of mean yield performance JS 97-52, Bragg and NRC-37 in control conditions, JS 97-52, Bragg and JS 335 in dense plant population and JS 97-52, RVS 2007-1 and Bragg in excessive moisture were better. For dense plant population tolerant genotypes were identified as JS 335, JS 97-52 and JS 95-60 and for excess moisture tolerant genotypes are identified as JS 20-87, JS 95-60 and JS 20-69. The most stable genotypes for biological yield plant-1 across the environments were JS 20-87, Bragg, RVS 2001-4, RVS 2007-4 and RVS 2007-5 ,for harvest index JS 20-53, JS 20-71, JS 20-73, JS 20-80, Bragg and RVS 2007-2 and for seed yield plant-1 JS 20-50, JS 20-53, JS 20-71, JS 20-73, JS 20-79, JS 97-52, Bragg, NRC-37, RVS 2001-4, RVS 2007-1 and RVS 2007-4 exhibited mean value greater than grand mean with unit regression coefficient (bi=1) and non-significant deviation from regression (S2di=0). RVS 2001-4,JS 20-53, JS 20-50, JS 20-71, JS 20-79, Bragg and RVS 2007-1 that exhibited stable performance in all environments for more than four characters including most important yield contributing traits. Genotype JS 20-50 depicted suitability for better environment while JS 335 and JS 97-52 found suitable for poor environments. ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine Max) is an important oil legume crop of the tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Stable Soybean Genotypes in Excess Moisture Stress and Dense Plant Population” was conducted at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur during the Kharif season, six July 2012 under JICA Project on Soybean. This investigation was carried out with 25 genotypes of soybean in randomized complete block design with three replication in three environments viz., control, dense plant population and excess moisture with three replications in each environment. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication per treatment in each environment. Data were recorded for traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of nodules plant-1, nodules fresh weight plant-1, nodules dry weight plant-1, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity, number of nodes plant-1, internodal length, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, biological yield plant-1, harvest index, 100 seed weight and seed yield plant-1. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, path coefficients and stability for seed yield and traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant and desirable level of variability for all the characters in each environment which indicates that new suitable and stable recombinants may be achieved through hybridization programme by involving these genotypes for different environments. The high magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for traits viz., nodules fresh weight plant-1, nodules dry weight plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds plant-1 in all environments. The high magnitude of both coefficients were recorded for traits viz., biological yield plant-1 and seed yield plant-1 in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Number of branches in excessive moisture condition and biological yield plant-1 in control condition showed high magnitude of PCV. High heritability along with high genetic advance were recorded for traits viz., number of nodules plant-1, nodules fresh weight plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and seeds yield plant-1 in all environments for trait viz., nodules dry weight plant-1 in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Whereas high heritability along with moderate genetic advance were recorded for traits viz., nodules dry weight plant-1 while in case of dense plant population and for harvest index and 100 seed weight in case of excessive moisture condition showed preponderance of additive gene action. Remaining characters showed non additive gene action The path analysis revealed that substantial positive direct effect on seed yield was exerted by biological yield plant-1 and harvest index in all environments. Number of seed plant-1 and 100 seed weight exhibited substantial positive direct effect on seed yield in dense plant population and excessive moisture condition. Whereas, plant height at maturity in control condition and number of nodes plant-1 in excessive moisture showed substantial positive direct effect on seed yield. On the basis of mean yield performance JS 97-52, Bragg and NRC-37 in control conditions, JS 97-52, Bragg and JS 335 in dense plant population and JS 97-52, RVS 2007-1 and Bragg in excessive moisture were better. For dense plant population tolerant genotypes were identified as JS 335, JS 97-52 and JS 95-60 and for excess moisture tolerant genotypes are identified as JS 20-87, JS 95-60 and JS 20-69. The most stable genotypes for biological yield plant-1 across the environments were JS 20-87, Bragg, RVS 2001-4, RVS 2007-4 and RVS 2007-5 ,for harvest index JS 20-53, JS 20-71, JS 20-73, JS 20-80, Bragg and RVS 2007-2 and for seed yield plant-1 JS 20-50, JS 20-53, JS 20-71, JS 20-73, JS 20-79, JS 97-52, Bragg, NRC-37, RVS 2001-4, RVS 2007-1 and RVS 2007-4 exhibited mean value greater than grand mean with unit regression coefficient (bi=1) and non-significant deviation from regression (S2di=0). RVS 2001-4,JS 20-53, JS 20-50, JS 20-71, JS 20-79, Bragg and RVS 2007-1 that exhibited stable performance in all environments for more than four characters including most important yield contributing traits. Genotype JS 20-50 depicted suitability for better environment while JS 335 and JS 97-52 found suitable for poor environments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in field pea
    (JNKVV, 2014) Verma, Vikas; Dubey, R.K.
    ABSTRACT Present research work on “Study on the Seasonal incidence of insect pests complex of Gram and their management through bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides” was conducted in Rabi 2013-14 at J.N.K.V.V., Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.).The experiment was conducted with the following objectives. 1. To note the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of gram. 2. To find out the efficacy of some bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides against major insect pests of gram. 3. To work out the economics of the management of major insect pests . of gram. Study on seasonal incidence of major insect pests and their management of gram through bio-pesticides and chemical pesticides was studied and it was revealed that gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was only a major and most devastating insect which cause damaged 65 per cent to the crop. The infestation of H. armigera was started from the 49th SMW (03 December to 09 December) and it was continued up to 13th SMW (26 March to 1 April). During the peak activity of the pest, the maximum population (5.00 larvae/mrl) was recorded in the 10th SMW (05 March to 11 March). During this period the maximum and minimum temperature respectively were 27.00 0C and 11.50 0C, relative humidity in the morning and evening was respectively 87% and 44%. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temprature exhibited significantly positive correlation (r= +0.49) with Helicoverpa armigera larval population. A negative but very weak correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity and rainfall (r = -0.25, -0.44 and -0.05 respectively), were observed to non significantly level. Where as positive correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and abiotic parameters viz. minimum temperature and evaporation (r = +0.32 and r = +0.42 ), were also found to be non-significant. Under chemical control eleven insecticides including some newer one were tested against Helicoverpa armigera larvae in the field. All the insecticidal treatments proved to be effective in reducing overall larval population. Flubendiamide 39.35SC performed best recording lowest population (0.66 larvae per metre row length), followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (0.84 larvae/mrl), emamectin benzoate 5SG (0.87 larvae/mrl) cypermethrin 25EC (0.98 larvae/mrl), fipronil 5SC (1.11 larvae/mrl), quinalphos 25EC (1.15 larvae/mrl), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1.22 larvae/mrl), NPV (1.32 larvae/mrl),B.t. (1.44 larvae/mrl) and NSKE (1.52 larvae/mrl). Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP treated plots recorded higher population (1.1.64 larvae/mrl). The untreated plots recorded highest larval population (3.18 larvae/mrl) of gram pod borer. With regard to pod damage, flubendiamide 39.35SC was found best recording significantly minimum pod damage (8.32%) followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (9.24%), emamectin benzoate 5SG (9.44%) cypermethrin25EC (10.70%), fipronil 5SC (11.42%), quinalphos 25EC (12.21%), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (12.75%), NPV (13.00%), NSKE (13.17%) and B.t. (13.48%) . Among the treatments the Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP recorded highest pod damage (13.90%). The untreated plots recorded highest pod damage (21.33%). Flubendiamide 39.35SC recorded significantly highest yield (1789 kg/ha). followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (1700 kg/ha), emamectin benzoate (1689 kg/ha) cypermethrin 25EC (1501 kg/ha), fipronil 5SC (1473 kg/ha), quinalphos 25EC (1470 kg/ha), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1395 kg/ha), NPV(1355 kg/ha), B.t. (1294 kg/ha) and NSKE (1283 kg/ha). Among the treatments the Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP was recorded lowest yield (1278 kg/ha). The untreated plots recorded lowest yield of (1078 kg/ha). Treatment flubendiamide 39.35SC gave maximum net profit (19852 Rs/ha) among all the treatments followed by emamectin benzoate 5SG (17252 Rs/ha), whereas Incremental cost benefit ratio was maximum with the treatment of cypermethrin 25EC (1:9.40). The minimum net profit and Incremental cost benefit ratio was recorded in the treatment of Beauveria bassiana 1.0 WP (3100 Rs/ha and 1:1.94), respectively.