Genetic studies for yield and its attributing traits in exotic lines of lentil
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Date
2014
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JNKVV
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Present investigation entitled “Genetic Studies for Yield and its Attributing Traits in Exotic Lines of Lentil” was aimed at identification of physiological and morphological traits influencing seed yield. The experimental material was consisted of 71 genotypes grown in randomized complete block design in the Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur (M.P) under Lentil Improvement Project during Rabi 2013-14.
Observation were recorded on 13 different yield contributing characters such as days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant.
For morphological characterization of genotypes, data were recorded on traits viz., leaflet size, foliage color, growth habit, leaf pubescence, stem colour, tendril formation and flower color, and seed traits viz., seed colour, seed surface, cotyledon colour and seed size.
High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were observed for characters such as Plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant, indicating contributions of additive genetic variance. Therefore, selection for such traits may be rewarding.
Seed yield per plant shared positive significant association with harvest index, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant and biological yield per plant. Hence for genetic improvement of yield, these characters should be given prime importance.
Path analysis revealed that harvest index and biological yield per plant, exerted maximum positive direct effect on seed yield per plant. Hence, for enhancement of yield these two characters should be given due importance.
Based on the studies of correlation and path analysis, characters days to 50% flowering, total number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant and harvest index(%) can be considered for formulating high yielding plant ideotype in lentil.
Tocher’s method resulted in formation of twenty clusters. Clustering of genotypes was not associated with the geographical distribution and mainly grouped due to their morphological differences. The percentage contribution towards genetic divergence by 100 seed weight was maximum while, days to 50 % flowering and total number of pods per plant showed moderate contribution to genetic divergence. Magnitude of divergence was low for days to maturity, days to pod initiation, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant.
On the basis of D2 values maximum genotypes were present in cluster I, followed by cluster II and cluster XII whereas, cluster III, cluster IV, cluster V, cluster VI, cluster VII, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster X, cluster XI, cluster XIII, cluster XIV, cluster XV, cluster XVI, cluster XVII, cluster XVIII, cluster XIX and cluster XX had only one genotype in each.
Maximum inter cluster distance i.e., 1509 was reported between cluster II (X2011S 189, X2011S 133, X2011S 87, X2011S 154, X2011S 111, X2011S 172) and XVIII (Flip 2010-96L). The hybridization between individuals belonging to these clusters may leads to the formation of superior segregants/ transgressive segregants.
On the basis of cluster mean values, cluster XIII had highest mean values for days to 50% flowering, cluster VII for days to maturity and seed yield per plant, cluster XVIII for plant height, cluster II for number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant, cluster XV for total number of pods per plant, cluster XVII for number of effective pods per plant, cluster IX for number of seeds per pod, cluster XII for 100 seed weight, cluster III for biological yield per plant and cluster XX for harvest index.
On the basis of principal component analysis, only seven principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0.5 eigen value, and showed about 92.72% total variability. The PC1 showed 36.76%, while, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6 and PC7 exhibited 18.27%, 10.96%, 7.48% , 6.75%, 6.49% and 6.02% variability, respectively among the genotypes for the traits under study. Rotated component matrix revealed that the PC1 accounted for the highest variability (36.76%) and mostly related to physiological and yield contributing traits like days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. PC2 was dominated by yield attributing traits viz., total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant and biological yield per plant. An intensive selection procedures can be designed to bring about rapid improvement of dependent traits i.e. yield by selecting lines from PC2. The PC3 was dominated by harvest index and seed yield per plant. While, PC4 was related to 100 seed weight.
On the basis of overall analysis promising genotypes identified are as Flip 90-25 L, Flip 2011-43 L, Flip 2010-106 L, Flip 84-51 L, Flip 89-71 L, Flip 2011-43 L, Flip 90-25 L and Idleb 2.