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ThesisItem Open Access Spectral and functional influence of fertilizers and bio-inoculants on morpho-phenological, yield-attributes and quality of Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2025-02-14) Rai, Ram Kumar; Pandey, S.KThe present investigation entitled “Spectral and Functional Influence of Fertilizers and Bio-inoculants On Morpho-Phenological, Yield-attributes and Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49” on twelve-year-old guava plants was carried out during the year 2022-2024 at Fruit Research Station Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications in each treatment.The results showed that different levels of nutrients and bioinoculants individually and in combinations. The maximum percentage increases in plant height(12.98%), canopy spreadE-W (15.94%), N-S (16.41%) and stem girth(11.78%)was obtained with treatment T10 (100%RDF + Bactobooster 200 ml).The treatment having combination of nutrients and bioinoculants T9 (100% RDF + Biofertisol200ml) showed early date of first flowering (9th August 2022 to 17th August 2022) during the year 2022-23 and between 13th August 2023 to 21th August 2023 during the year 2023-24. Regarding 50% flowering hastaken less days (14.28 days) followed by T14 (75% RDF + Biofertisol200ml) with14.44 days. The maximum floral buds (14.69) per shoot and flowers (14.65) per shoot. Minimum days for first fruit set (11.07days)&50% fruit set (25.47days).It is also observed that early fruit maturity(125.33days) &minimum specific gravity of fruits (1.025). The maximum chlorophyll content index (32.87)&leaf area index (4.74)the maximum PAR on Upper canopy (1513.17) &Lower canopy (342.15).Regarding Spectral Indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), the maximum NDVI (0.72)was observed in T9 (100% RDF + Biofertisol200ml). followed by in treatment T14 (75%RDF + Biofertisol200ml).Whereas,minimum NDVI (0.53) was recorded in control. Yield attributes& Quality parameters the maximum fruit set (72.66%), maximum fruit retention(71.33%), Number of Fruits shoot-1 East (14.27)& West(7.29), North (10.01)& South(11.75), maximum number of fruits(107.03) plant-1, maximumyield (26.37kg)&yield (29.30tons), themaximumTSS (12.33OB) &minimum acidity (0.36%), maximum ascorbic acid(217.29 mg/100g), Total Sugar (7.90%), reducing sugar (4.77%) andnon-reducing sugar (3.15%) was observed in treatment combinations T9 (100%RDF + Biofertisol200ml).Maximum fruit length (7.30 cm), fruit width (7.47 cm),fruit weight (246.36 g) and fruit volume (240.20ml),pulp weight 241.26 (g),pulp percentage (98.19%) and number of seeds fruit-1(270.17). The economics of among various treatment, T9(100%RDF + Biofertisol 200ml) showed the maximum gross monetary return (Rs 8,79,000) and Net monetary return (Rs 6,48,191), followed by T14 (75%RDF + Biofertisol 200ml) with Gross monetary return (Rs 8,63,356) and Net monetary return (Rs 6,43,567). Regarding B:C ratio, it was found maximum in control (5.46:1) and minimum (3.63:1) in T5(Bactobooster,200ml). The post-harvest soil properties like Soil pH, Electrical conductivity did not differ significantly due to different levels of nutrients and bioinoculants and its interaction. Maximum soil pH (7.47) was recoded under control (N1), maximum electrical conductivity (0.294 dSm-1) was recorded with treatment N2(100%RDF). However, maximum soil pH (7.44) and EC (0.276 dSm-1) was noted under control. The maximum organic carbon (5.09 g kg-1) followed by T8 (100% RDF + Bactobooster 100ml) having 5.06 g kg-1 organic carbon and minimum (4.79 g kg-1) under T4 (Biofertisol 200ml). The maximum available nitrogen (228.75 kg), phosphorus (12.81 kg) and potassium (255.58 kg) were recorded with treatment N2 (100%RDF). Regadingbioinoculants, the maximum available nitrogen (217.72 kg) was recorded with B3 (Bactobooster 100 ml). In contrast to this, the maximum available phosphorus (11.95 kg) and available potassium (253.51 kg) in soil was noted under B1 (without bioinoculants). Further the maximum value of available nitrogen (233.52 kg) was obtained under application of treatment combination T6 (100%RDF). Whereas, minimum available nitrogen (202.18 kg) was observed in B2 (Biofertisol 100ml). The available phosphorus and potassium did not differ significantly with different treatment combination.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on population dynamics ,off season survival and genotypes screening against stem borer complex in rice ecosystem(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2025-02-14) Kumar, Neeraj; Sharma, Amit KumarRice isone of the most important cereal crops worldwide and feeding more than 50% of the human population being a rich source of carbohydrates (75%) and proteins (7%). The present study was proposed to study the carry-over niches, population dynamics of stem borer complex and field screening of rice genotypes for their relative susceptibility to stem borer complex. Observations revealed thatDuring Nov to Jan 2021-23, the highest larval population of S. incertulas was observed in 51st SW in Newargaon village (79.50 larvae) and lowest in 2nd SW in Newargaon village (12.83 larvae), while of S. inferens, highest in 52nd SW in Tumadi village (22.83 larvae) and lowest in 2nd SW in Newargaon village (3.67 larvae), and of S. innotata, highest in 51st SW in Newargaon village (13.33 larvae) and lowest in 48th SW in Murjhad village (0.50 larvae). During May to July 2021-23, the highest larval population of S. incertulas was observed in 25th SW in Tumadi village (77.00 larvae) and lowest in 21st SW in Kope village (18.83 larvae), while of S. inferens, highest in 25th SW in Tumadi village (22.67 larvae) and lowest in 27th SW in Newargaon village (1.67 larvae), and of S. innotata, highest in 24th SW in Newargaon village (12.00 larvae) and lowest in 21st SW in Kope village (0.33 larvae). During Nov to Jan 2021-23 the, highest pupal population of stem borer complex was observed in 1st and 2nd SW in Tumadi (14.67 pupae) and lowest in 49th SW in Tumadi (0.01 pupae). During May to July 2021-23, the highest pupal population of stem borer complex was observed in 27th SW in Tumadi (13.33 pupae) and lowest in 22nd SW in Tumadi (0.33 pupae). During Nov to Jan 2021-23, the highest larval population of S. inferens was observed in 51st SW in Tumadi village (6.83 larvae) and lowest in 48th SW in Newargaon village (0.17 larvae). During May to July 2021-23, the highest larval population of S. inferens was recorded in 23rd SW in Murjhad village (2.83 larvae) and lowest in 21st SW in Newargaon village (0.33 larvae). First appearance of S. incertulas was observed in 30th SW and S. inferens and S. innotata in the 31st SW. The larvae attained two peaks and were recorded in 36th and 42nd SW, 35th and 42nd SMW, and 35th and 42nd SMW. The DH (%) and WE (%) started appearing in 30th and 37th SW and attained their peaks in 36th and 42nd SW. The population of spiders and mirid bug was first observed during the 31st SW and attained their peaks in 40th and 39th SW and population of adult dragonflies and damselflies was first observed during the 30th SW and attained their peaks in 38th SW. The population of adult beetles of coccinellids, staphylinids, cicindelids and carabids was first observed during the 31st, 30th, 32nd and 30th SW, respectively, and attained the peaks during the 40th, 38th, 37th and 39th SW. No rice genotype was found to be free from dead heart and white ear head infestation. However, fifteen genotypes (viz., two early, eight medium and five late genotypes) were found to be moderately susceptible and susceptible. On the basis of dead heart per cent, three medium maturing genotypes (viz., JR-206, JR-81 and JR-11-1), three late maturing genotypes (viz., Improved Jeera Shankar, Luchai Selection-1 and Kali Kamod Selection-1) were found moderately susceptible and the damage rating was between 21-30%, and one medium maturing genotype (i.e., TN-1) was found susceptible with damage rating between 31-60%. On the basis of white ear head per cent, three medium maturing genotypes (viz., JR-206, IR-64 and JR-11-1) were found moderately susceptible and the damage rating was between 11-15%, six late maturing genotypes (viz., Improved Chinnor, Improved Jeera Shankar, Luchai Selection-1, Kali Kamod Selection-1, JR-81 and TN-1) were susceptible with damage rating between 16-25%.The present study provided the information about the stem borer complex in rice and the future studies could be carried out for the development and implementation of integrated pest management strategies that specifically target stem borer population during non-cropping season period. This may include alternative host plants and weeds. Further, multi-location screening trials of identified genotypes in various agro-climatic zones may be conducted to verify the results.ThesisItem Open Access Entrepreneurial behaviour and adoption of scientific dairy farming practices by commercial dairy farmers in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2025-02-14) Somtiya, Arpit; Naberia, SeemaMadhya Pradesh’s dairy industry is distinguished by an integration of traditional and modern practices. Most of the farmers in the state are small land holders significantly contribute to the state’s milk supply. Commercial dairy farming can be defined as an activity where an individual starts a business activity by maintaining a herd size of at least ten dairy animals, ensuring the production of a consistent quantity of milk throughout the years and earning income from sale of milk and milk products. The future progress of the dairy sector in India depends on the ability of the dairy farmers to transform it into a profitable enterprise by using scientific dairy farming practices like improved breeding practices, nutritional management, animal health management, housing and farm management, milking management, adoption of technology, fodder management, sustainable practices, training and extension services and market linkages. Entrepreneurship development among dairy farmers ensures optimal utilization of resources and facilitates value addition to product and services. Considering the need for development of entrepreneurship among dairy farmers, it is felt necessary to measure the entrepreneurial behaviour of dairy farmers since dairy enterprise is recognized to play a constructive role in reducing poverty and promoting rural welfare at farm level. The study was conducted in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The district comprises of seven blocks out of which two blocks viz. Panagar and Jabalpur were selected purposively on the basis of maximum number of commercial dairy units/farmers among all other blocks. A list of Commercial Dairy farmers of the selected blocks is acquired with the assistance of the Executive of the Veterinary Department, Directorate of Veterinary Extension Jabalpur (M.P.). Total 203 commercial dairy farmers were included in the study. The data was collected through personal interview technique. The data was analyzed using different statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson correlation and Garret ranking. Maximum respondents (65.52%) were from middle age group had education up to high school level (32.51%), majority (61.08%) had 9 to 16 years of experience in dairying and majority (61.58%) received 1-2 training about dairying. For 70.94 per cent of commercial dairy farmers, dairy farming was the major source of income and approximately half (50.25 per cent) of the respondents were marginal farmers with land holdings up to 1 hectare. More than half (58.62 per cent) of the respondents had a herd size of 101 to 250 animals. The majority (66.01 per cent) of the respondents had a milk production of 251 to 1000 litres per day. Majority (59.61 per cent) consumed 2.01 to 4 litres of milk per day for their own use. Most respondents (66.01 per cent) sold 251 to 1000 litres of milk per day. The majority (82.76 per cent) of the respondents processed only up to 100 litres of milk per day. Most respondents (92.61 per cent) had a net annual income of up to Rupees 29,13,600. The findings reveal that, majority of the commercial dairy farmers were in medium category regarding size of family(47.29%), mass media exposure(54.19%), extension contact(52.71%), scientific orientation(55.67%), economic motivation(61.08%).About half of the respondents (49.75 per cent) had low social participation and a higher share (45.81 per cent) had a high level of knowledge about scientific dairy farming practices. It was observed that maximum respondents had medium level of adoption of scientific dairy practices (53.20%) and had medium level of entrepreneurial behaviour (41.38%). The relational analysis showed that various attributes of commercial dairy farmers like family size, occupation, and milk consumption showed a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of scientific dairy farming practices at the 0.05 per cent significance level, while age showed a negatively significant relationship. On the other hand, experience in dairying, social participation, herd size, milk production, milk sale, income, mass media exposure, extension contacts, scientific orientation, economic motivation and knowledge of scientific dairy farming practices showed a positive and significant relationship with the adoption of scientific dairy farming practices at the 0.01 per cent significance level. It is remarkable that variables like education, land holding, and training received about dairying, milk consumption and milk processing showed a non-significant relationship with the adoption of scientific dairy farming practices among commercial dairy farmers. In examining the role of ICT in disseminating scientific dairy farming practices, it was found that most commercial dairy farmers used mobile phones for information seeking. The availability of these ICT tools was widespread, and their credibility was generally rated at a medium level. ICT tools significantly contributed to various aspects of dairy farming: a high percentage of farmers sought and applied ICT-based information for balanced feed preparation, crossbreeding, recognizing disease symptoms, and producing clean milk. This indicated that ICT played a crucial role in enhancing the implementation of scientific practices in dairy farming. The major constraints perceived by commercial dairy farmers include the unavailability of green fodder year-round with Garrot Mean Score (GMS) 53.18, high prices for feed (GMS 50.55), limited storage capacity (GMS 49.45), and insufficient grazing land (GMS 45.73). Breeding issues include low conception rates through AI (GMS 105.5), poor AI services (GMS 95.33), and difficulty detecting silent heat (GMS 69.67). Health management constraints involve high veterinary costs (GMS 61.55), animal abortions (GMS 52.09), lack of emergency treatment (GMS 49.00), and low awareness of dehorning and deworming (GMS 38.91). Milk marketing issues highlight low milk prices compared to production costs (GMS 64.55), low prices from vendors and cooperatives (GMS 50.18), and inaccurate milk fat detection (GMS 32.36). Suggestions for improving the commercial dairy enterprise include increasing milk prices in proportion to feed and service costs (88.67%), standardizing labour costs (86.21%), reducing feed costs (81.77%), improving access to innovative technologies (79.80%), ensuring timely AI availability (77.83%), providing low-cost veterinary services (74.88%), offering training for milk processing (71.43%), ensuring timely vaccination services (68.97%), enhancing dairy extension efforts (66.50%), and simplifying loan procedures (64.04%).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability and different factors affecting pathogenicity of Alternaria species causing early blight of tomato and its integrated disease management(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2025-02-14) Bai, A. Thoyajakshi; VibhaRoving survey (rabi 2019-20 and 2020-21) conducted at Madhya Pradesh revealed that the disease incidence was highest (58.63%) in Sagar district followed by Jabalpur (41.72%) and Damoh (29.90%). Twenty isolates of Alternaria species exhibited notable cultural variability viz., mycelial colour, growth pattern, centrecolour, surface, margins and zonation of colony and morphological variability viz., mycelial width, conidial size, septation and beak length. Based on the level of similarity, they have been sub divided into different clusters. Pathogenic variability through detached leaf assay method and spray inoculation methods revealed significant differences in virulence among twenty Alternaria isolates out of which Alt 3 was found most virulent. With the increase in disease intensity (DI%) due to pathogen, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content reduced while proteins and phenols increased in host plant. Total leaf area, stomatal density of inoculated host plants was also comparatively less than un inoculated control. Furthermore, Molecular identification of the most virulent test pathogens revealed isolate Alt 3 as A. solani (ON 416546), Alt 2 as A. tenuissima (ON 416543) and Alt 1 (OM 996084), Alt 4 (ON 416545), Alt 5 (ON 416544) as A. alternata based on the nucleotide homology. Among biocontrol agents, T. viridewas the most efficient against the test pathogen by significantly inhibiting mycelial growth.Among fungicides, propiconazole (0.1%) and Azoxystrobin+ Difenoconazole (@ 0.15) were highly effective against pathogen. However, T.viride was found highly compatible with Azoxystrobin and Propineb. While least compatible with Hexaconazole and Propiconazole. Among nanoparticles, AgNP @150 ppm performed best in reducing disease severity (in pot culture experiment) as compared to control. Jeevamrit+ neem leaves extract combination (@15%), micronutrients (ZnSo4 and FeSo4) and biopolymer (@150 ppm) showed higher efficacy in retarding growth of pathogen. All the tested micronutrients, nanoparticles and chitosan were found highly compatible with T. viride. Integrated disease management (IDM) strategies conducted during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22 for the management of early blight resulted in the higher fruit yield and lower disease incidence. Lower disease incidence (PDI-7.20%), with less (AUDPC-239.8) disease progress rate was noticed in treatment combination comprises of soil application with T. viride + P. flourescens + seedling treatment with Azoxystrobin along-with foliar spray of Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole (T6A plot) followed by T6B plot (soil application with T. viride + P. fluorescens + seedling treatment with Azoxystrobin followed by foliar spray of Jeevamrutha + Azadirachtin (@1.5%) with fruit yield (292.00 q/Ha) and PDI (12.16%), AUDPC (404.5) respectively, compared to other treatment plots. Similar results were obtained at farmers field during validation of the experiment. Hence, these findings underscore the importance of studying disease distribution pattern at different geographical locations at current climate change scenario, morpho-cultural, pathogenic and molecular variability among the associated pathogens with different chemicals used for managing the crop diseases and their judicious use in integrated management practices for combating early blight and ensuring sustainable tomato production in Madhya Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nano urea in conjunction with urea and organic manure on growth, quality, yield and soil health in aromatic rice(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2025-02-13) Gajbhiye, Mrinali; Agrawal, K.KA field experiment entitled “Effect of Nano urea in conjunction with urea and organic manure on growth, quality, yield and soil health in aromatic rice” was carried out during the rainy season of 2022 and 2023 at Instructional Farm Unit, Krishi Nagar, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.). Ten treatment combinations T1, Control (0% N + 0% P + 0% K); T2, 100% N through urea + 100% P + 100% K (100:60:40 kg ha-1); T3, 75% N through urea + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T4, 50% N through urea + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T5, 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T6,50% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T7, 75% N through vermicompost + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T8, 50% N through vermicompost + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T9, 75% N through vermicompost + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage; T10, 50% N through vermicompost + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage was laid out in randomized block design with four replications.The results revealed that 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage (T5) recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz.plant height (cm), no. of tillers hill-1, dry matter production hill-1, chlorophyll content (SPAD values), APAR and IPAR (µ mol m-2 s-1), NDVI, Crop growth rate (CGR), Relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR) and Leaf area duration (LAD). The yield attributes viz. no. of effective tillers hill-1 (17.23), panicle length (27.71 cm), total no. of grains panicle-1 (79.62) and filled grains panicle-1 (72.11) and grain yield and straw yield (4599 and 6542 kg ha-1, respectively) were also observed more with the application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage (T5). Treatment, T5 was found to be more remunerative as it fetched maximum gross returns (₹197041ha-1), net returns (₹139175ha-1) and B: C (3.41) than other treatments.The correlation and regression study showed a strong linear positive relationship between chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance. All the yield attributes were positively correlated with the grain yield. Application of 75% N through vermicompost + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage (T9) noted superior quality of rice i.e. kernel length (8.82 mm), size (3.01), sphericity (34.12%), head rice (55.26%), length expansion ratio (2.19), volume expansion ratio (4.29), protein (7.10%), starch (73.04%), amylose (22.56%) and amylopectin (79.70%). The nutrient uptake viz. N (53.25 and 26.16 kg ha-1, respectively), P (15.21 and 9.19 kg ha-1, respectively) and K (10.98 and 108.83 kg ha-1, respectively) was more with the application of 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage. The soil health viz. available N, P and K (254.42, 16.85 and 307.44 kg ha-1, respectively), biological properties of total bacteria (50.12 ×10-6 CFU g-1 dry soil), fungi (34.87×10-4 CFU g-1 dry soil), actinomycetes (10.61×10-6 CFU g-1 dry soil), and Azospirillum (9.19×10-6CFU g-1 dry soil) and dehydrogenase activity (58.19 µg TPF released g-1 day-1) were improved underof 75% N through vermicompost + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage (T9). The crop with 75% N through urea + Azospirillum @ 5 kg ha-1 + FS with Nano urea @ 4ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage. However, Nitrogen use efficiency was more under 75% N through urea + FS with Nano urea @ 4 ml litre-1 at AT and PI stage.The study suggests that practicing nano urea and Azospirillum could assist in reducing the use of conventional urea and gaining optimum yield with improved economics. The study also highlights the use of nano urea along with vermicompost and Azospirillumto improves soil health.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated physiological approach for sustainable productivity, post harvest seed quality attributes of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) merrill ) under different environments(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, 2025-02-11) Nagre, Sachin Prakash; Tiwari, GyanendraSoybean, known as the "golden bean" or "miracle bean," is a major oilseed crop in India, valued for its high protein and oil content. Climatic adversities have further impacted soybean production and seed quality during the Kharif season. Shifting sowing to the Rabi season and delaying sowing until January under irrigated conditions can help avoid abiotic stress, maintain seed yield and seed quality. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to enhance yield and promote desired growth within a given area and timeframe. Based on this, experiment were designed with Rabi on soybean in 2020-21 & 2021-22 with treatments comprising two dates of sowing (D1 – Rabi and D2 – Rabi summer), two spray schedules (S1 – foliar spray at the vegetative stage and S2 – foliar spray at the flowering stage), and plant growth regulators (Salicylic acid @ 250 ppm & 500 ppm, Thiourea @ 500 & 1000 ppm, Cycocel @ 100 ppm, and IBA @ 200 ppm), and @no spray of PGR i. e. control). In our study, sowing soybean in Rabi (D1) significantly delayed flower initiation, pod formation, seed formation, physiological maturity, harvest maturity compared to Rabi summer sowing (D2). Sowing soybean in Rabi (D1) increased dry matter accumulation in leaves, stem & branches, total dry matter accumulation at 45 DAS, 75 DAS, leaf area & leaf area index at 30 DAS, 45 DAS and 74 DAS, leaf area duration at 30-45 DAS, 45-75 DAS, relative growth rate at 45-75 DAS, biomass duration at 30-45 DAS, 45-75 DAS, chlorophyll content index at 75 DAS, relative water content, membrane stability index, PAR interception, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, plant height at 75 DAS & at harvest, no. of branches plant-1, no. of pods plant, seed yield (g plant-1 & kg ha-1), biological yield (g plant-1 & kg ha-1), seed index, GDD for flower initiation & pod formation, fiber content, fat content and moisture content as compared to Rabi summer (D2). Sowing soybean at early date (1st jan) (D1) resulting in maximum seed yield (2424.40 kg ha-1) with higher net monetary return (Rs. 70141.06 ha-1) and higher benefit-cost ratio (1.59) in soybean as compared to date sown (Rabi summer) condition, i. e. last week of January (D2). Foliar spray of plant growth regulators at the time of vegetative stage (S1) significantly increased maximum dry matter accumulation in leaves at 45 DAS, net assimilation rate (mg cm-2 day-1) during 30-45 DAS, and the number of branches plant as compared to S2 (foliar spray of PGRs at the time of flowering stage). Foliar spray of PGR at the flowering stage (S2) significantly delayed physiological maturity, higher dry matter accumulation in stem & branches at 45 DAS, relative growth rate during 30-45 DAS, number of pods plant-1 as compared to S1 (foliar spray of plant growth regulators at the time of vegetative stage. Application of foliar SA @ 500ppm was found best in increasing Leaf biomass at 45DAS, Leaf area at 75 DAS, LAI at 75 DAS, RWC, MSI, Canopy temperature depression, Stomatal conductance, no. of pods plant-1, Seed yield (9.39 g plant-1 and 2347.71 kg ha-1), Biological yield (29.58 g plant-1 and 7395.52 kg ha-1), seed Index, net monetary return (Rs. 66,115.99 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.49) as compared to control. Foliar application of Thiourea @ 500 ppm (T4) significantly delayed days to flower initiation and physiological maturity as compared to control (T1). TU @ 500 ppm showed superiority in increasing dry matter accumulation in stem & branches at 45 DAS, total dry matter accumulation at 45 DAS, CGR at 45 – 75 DAS, RGR at 30 – 45 DAS, NAR at 30 – 45 DAS, BMD at 30 – 45 DAS & 45 – 75 DAS and plant height at harvest as compared to no PGR spray (T1). Thiourea @ 500 ppm increased the GDD required for physiological maturity, HTU required for flower initiation and protein content in soybean as compared to the control. Foliar application of Thiourea @ 1000 ppm (T5) increased the number of days required for seed filling duration (0.63 days) and also delayed field maturity as compared to the control. It also increased crop growth rate at 30 – 45 DAS, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height at 75 DAS, and fiber content as compared to the control. Foliar application of Cycocel @ 100 ppm (T6) and Salicylic acid @ 500 ppm (T2) increased the phenothermal index required for pod formation and no. of branches plant-1. Foliar application of IBA @ 200 ppm (T7) increased total dry matter accumulation (g plant-1) at 75 DAS, leaf area at 30 DAS and 45 DAS, leaf area index at 30 DAS and 45 DAS; leaf area duration at 30 – 45 DAS and at 45 – 75 DAS.ThesisItem Open Access Stability and Genetic Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for High Temperature Tolerant(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, 2022) Shikha Upadhyay; Anita BabbarThesisItem Open Access Monitoring Breeding Potential for Genetic Biofortification and Enhancement in Yield of Wheat Crop(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, 2022) Vikas Verma; R.S. ShuklaThesisItem Open Access Genetic Divergence, Stability and Gene Action of F1 crosses of Wheat under different environments(Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Jabalpur, 2022) Geeta Kumari; R.S. Shukla
