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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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2010 - 201519
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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Optimising nutrient management strategy and assessing the contribution of different nutrients to yield of hybrid rice in calcareous soil
    (Rajendra Agriculrural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumar, Nitish; Chaudhary, S. K.
    A field experiment on “Optimising nutrient management strategy and assessing the contribution of different nutrients to yield of hybrid rice in calcareous soil” was carried out during kharif - 2014 at Research Farm, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (India) to evaluate the effect of different nutrients on yield and economics of hybrid rice (“Arize 6444”) and inbred rice (“Rajshree”). The soil was calcareous (pH 8.28) in nature with low organic carbon (0.33%), available nitrogen (212 kg N ha-1), potassium (103.48 kg K2O ha-1) and zinc (0.72 mg Zn kg-1); medium phosphorus (38.93 kg P2O5 ha-1) and high sulphur (52.80 mg S kg-1) status. The factors under study comprised of 10 treatments viz.T1-ample dose of N+ P+ K+ S+ Zn, T2-P+K+S+Zn (-N), T3-N+K+S+Zn (-P), T4-N+P+S+Zn (-K), T5-N+P+K+Zn (-S), T6-N+P+K+S (-Zn), T7-Inbred variety under unfertilized check, T8- Inbred variety under ample fertilizer (N+ P+ K+ S+ Zn), T9-Control (hybrid rice without any fertilizer), T10- nutrient dose based on Nutrient Expert in inbred rice. The experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications. The nutrient dose for hybrid rice (at yield target of 7 t ha-1) was 175 kg N ha-1, 70 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 80 kg K2O ha-1 and for inbred rice (at yield target of 5 t ha-1), 125 kg N ha-1, 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 60 kg K2O ha-1. In treatment T10 nutrient dose was applied according to Nutrient Expert (N-P2O5-K2O:109-28-54 kg ha-1). The common dose of S (30 kg ha-1) and Zn (3 kg ha-1) was applied in all the treatments. Treatment T1 for hybrid rice was superior over all the other treatments in grain yield, harvest index, nutrient uptake, net return and benefit: cost ratio. Among different treatments with inbred rice, treatment T8 was at par with T10 and significantly superior over T7 for grain and straw yield. Most detrimental effect of omission of nutrient was observed in treatment T2 having 48.6 and 37.6 % less grain and straw yield respectively over T1. Maximum nutrient uptake by rice was recorded under treatment T1, while omission of nutrients decreased the nutrient uptake and maximum decrease was recorded for N and it was followed by K, P, S and Zn. Build-up in available nutrient was recorded maximum under treatment T1, while there was a decrease in availability of nutrients in accordance to the omitted nutrient. Maximum net return (₹ 48,837 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (1.22) was in treatment T1 and it was at par with treatments T5 and T6 having omission of sulphur and zinc respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Weed management in direct seeded rice under rainfed lowland ecosystem
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumari, Pooja; Singh, J. P.
    A field experiment entitled “Weed management in direct seeded rice under rainfed lowland ecosystem” was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (India), during kharif season of 2014to evaluate the efficiency of different herbicides and their impact on yield and economic of direct seeded rice. The soil of the experimental field was calcareous (clay- loam) with pH 8.43. It was moderately fertile being low in organic carbon (0.46 %), available nitrogen(242 kg N ha-1),phosphorus (18.38 kg P2O5 ha-1) andpotassium (111 kg K2O ha-1). The factors under study comprised of 12 weed management treatments on direct seeded rice. T1-Weedy check, T2-Weed free(3 hand weedings at 20,40 and 60 DAS), T3-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T4-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 15 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS),T5-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 15 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T6-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 15 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 15 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T7-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Pendimethalin 1 l/ha + Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T8-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha(2 DAS) fb Pendimethalin 1 l/ha + Bispyribac-Na 15 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T9-Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron 25 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T10-Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Ethoxysulfuron 18.5 g/ha in tank mix(20 DAS), T11-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha (20 DAS) + Hand weeding (40 DAS), T12-Brown manuring with Sesbenia aculeate at 35 DAS.The experiment was conducted in RBD design and was replicated thrice taking rice variety Swarna Sub-1 as a test crop with RDF- 80-40-20-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O-ZnS04 per ha, respectively.Other crop management practices were performed as per standard package of practices.Among different weed management treatments on direct seeded rice, T2-Weed free (3 hand weedings at 20,40 and 60 DAS) had registered the maximum growth, yield attributes and yield of direct seeded rice, which remain comparable to T11-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha (20 DAS) + Hand weeding (40 DAS), T3-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T5-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 15 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), T4-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 15 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS), and T12-Brown manuring with Sesbenia aculeate at 35 DAS.The maximum weed control efficiency and lowest weed population, weed dry weight andweed index were recorded under treatment T2-Weed free(3 hand weedings at 20,40 and 60 DAS).The maximum nutrient content and nutrient uptake were registered under T2-Weed free (3 hand weedings at 20,40 and 60 DAS). The highest net return gained withT12-Brown manuring with Sesbenia aculeate at 35 DAS, which was significantly superior over T2-Weed free (3 hand weedings at 20, 40 and 60 DAS) and T1-Weedy checkwhich wasstatistically at par with rest of the treatments and benefit : cost ratio was also obtained maximum under T12- Brown manuring with Sesbenia aculeate at 35 DAS and significantly superior to rest of the treatments. On the basis one year data, among different weed management treatments applied on direct seeded rice, T3-Pendimethalin 1 l/ha (2 DAS) fb Bispyribac-Na 30 g/ha + Azimsulfuron 30 g/ha in tank mix (20 DAS) had efficiently control the complex weed flora.T2-Hand weeding (Thrice) was found best interms of yield and yield attributing characters and T12-Brown manuring with Sesbenia aculeate at 35 DAS was found superior in terms of economics.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumar, Shantanu; Dwivedi, D. K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of tillage and irrigation levels on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumar, Ravikant; Singh, R. S.
    A field experiment entitled “Effect of tillage and irrigation levels on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” was carried out during rabi season of 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, (Muzaffarpur), a campus of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar, (India). The treatments comprised three tillage practices [zero tillage (T1), reduced tillage (T2) and conventional tillage (T3)] in main plots and four irrigation levels [No irrigation (I1), One irrigation (I2) at 35 DAS, Two irrigations (I3) at 35 and 60 DAS and Three irrigations (I4) at 35, 60 and 90 DAS] in sub-plots. The treatments were replicated thrice in split plot design. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH -8.51), low in organic carbon & available N, P2O5, K2O and S in medium range. The Indian mustard variety ‘Rajendra Sufalam’ was sown at a distance of 30 × 15 cm using the seed rate of 5 kg/ha with recommended fertilizer doses. Among the tillage practices, conventional tillage proved significantly superior in all growth parameters (plant height, crop growth rate, leaf area index and number of primary & secondary branches), yield attributes and yield. The conventional tillage significantly improved the grain yield of mustard over zero tillage by 18.08 % and was found statistically at par with reduced tillage. Irrigation levels, also significantly influenced all growth parameters (plant height, crop growth rate, leaf area index and number of primary & secondary branches), yield and yield attributing parameters. Three irrigation levels had ability to significantly enhanced the grain yield by 46.48 % over no irrigation under sandy loam condition. Increment in grain yield of mustard under conventional tillage resulted in maximum gross return ( 63712/ha) and net return ( 41403/ha) as compared to other treatments. On the basis of economics of mustard under irrigation levels, it was found that highest gross return ( 69070/ha), net return ( 46994/ha) and B: C ratio (2.12) was incurred with application of three levels of irrigation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Hans, Hansraj; Bharati, Vikram
    A field experiment entitled “Integrated weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)” was carried out during spring 2014 at the Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, R.A.U., Pusa, Bihar, India to investigate the effect of manual, herbicidal and integrated treatments on the weed dynamics, growth, yield and economics of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Treatments constituted viz., pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha (38.7 CS new molecule) as pre-emergence, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + quizalofop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + fenoxoprop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, farmers practice (one hand weeding at 30 DAS), pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one weeding by power weeder at 35 DAS, one weeding by power weeder at 35 DAS, weed free (two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and unweeded control. Weed management treatments significantly influenced growth parameters, quality parameters, yield attributes and yield of sunflower. Plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), 100 seed weight (g), seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) obtained under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) had significantly higher value than pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + quizalofop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS. Hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS though recorded higher seed yield and straw yield but statically at par with pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS and pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS. Prominent weeds found in the experimental plot were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cannabis sativa. Among the herbicides tested, the highest weed control efficiency (%) recorded under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and was followed by pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS. The lowest weed index (%) was noticed under pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS. The higher gross return 86,533.00 (`/ha) was obtained under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and was at par with pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, however the highest net return 55,233.31 (`/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.93) were fetched under under the treatment pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Moisture Regimes and levels of Iron on Growth and Yield Of Rice under Aerobic condition.
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Das, Lipika; Kumar, Rajan
    A field experiment was conducted at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during kharif season of 2014 to investigate the “Effect of moisture regimes and levels of iron on growth and yield of rice under aerobic condition”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes i.e. I1 (Irrigation at 10% moisture depletion of field capacity), I2 (Irrigation at 20% moisture depletion of field capacity) and I3 (Irrigation at 30% moisture depletion of field capacity) and four levels of iron F1 (Control), F2 (Basal application of 25 Kg FeSO4 +5 t/ha FYM), F3 (3 foliar application of 1% FeSO4 at tillering, pre flowering and flowering stages) and F4 (3 foliar application of 2% FeSO4 at tillering, pre flowering and flowering stages) was laid out in split plot design with three replication. The test cultivar was RAU-4 of short duration variety. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH 8.6), low in available N (155 kg/ha), P2O5 (20.23 kg/ha), K2O (120 kg/ha) and Fe (6.7 ppm). The result showed that growth and yield attributes like Plant height, number of tillers/m2, LAI, dry matter production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/day/m2), SPAD value, number of panicles/m2, number of spikelets/panicle, fertile spikelets/panicle, grain and straw yields, N, P, K and Fe uptake by rice grain and straw, water productivity, net return were found to be maximum with I1 moisture regime which was significantly superior over I2 and I3 but was statistically at par with I2 in case of plant height and Number of tillers/m2 at all growth stages. 1000- grain weight, harvest index, N, P and K content in grain and straw and WUE were not influenced by moisture regimes. Net return and net return per rupee investment were affected significantly due to moisture regimes. The maximum net return and net return per rupee investment were fetched with I1 moisture regime which was significantly superior over other treatments. Growth and yield attributes like Plant height, number of tillers/m2, LAI, dry matter production (g/m2), crop growth rate (g/day/m2), SPAD value, number of panicles/m2, number of spikelets/panicle, Fertile spikelets/panicle, grain and straw yields, Fe content in grain and straw, N, P, K and Fe uptake by rice grain and straw, WUE were recorded with F4 level of iron which was significantly superior over F1 and F2 but were statistically at par with F3 level of iron. 1000- grain weight, harvest index, N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly due to levels of iron. Water productivity, net return, net return per rupee investment was significantly influenced by levels of iron. Maximum water productivity (4.38 /ha), net return (24598 /ha), net return per rupee investment (0.80 /ha) were recorded with F3 level of iron which were significantly superior over F1 and F2 but were statistically at par with F4 level of iron.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of weed management practices on growth and yield of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern &Coss.]
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Yadav, Jetendra; Singh, R. S.
    A Field experiment was planned and conducted during the rabi season of 2012-13 at Agricultural Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur under Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (India) to study the effect of different weed management practices on weeds, crop growth, yield of mustard, magnitude of yield losses caused by weeds and to workout the economics of weed management practices. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam. There were thirteen treatments i.e., pendimethalin @0.75 kg /ha (P.E); pendimethalin @1.0 kg /ha(P.E); pendimethalin Stomp Extra 38.7 CS @0.75 kg /ha (PE); oxadiargyl @0.09 kg/ha (PE ); trifluralin @0.75 kg/ha (PPI); oxyfluorfen @0.15 kg /ha (P.E); quizalofop @0.06 kg /ha (20-25 DAS); clodinafop @0.06 kg /ha (20-25 DAS); isoproturon @1.0 kg /ha(P.E); isoproturon @1.0 kg./ha (30 DAS); weeding by wheel hoe; weed free (HW at 20 and 40 DAS) and weedy check. The variety of Indian mustard ‘Rajendra Sufalam’ was line sown 30 cm apart on November 12th, 2012 and harvested on March 19th, 2013. During crop period, a total rainfall of 32.6 mm was received. Observations on growth, yield attributes and yield were recorded. Common weeds were identified and plant height, number of branches per plant, branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and seed yield obtained under T12 (HW at 20 and 40 DAS) had significantly higher values than T4 (oxadiargyl 0.09 kg/ha as PE), T5 (trifluralin 0.75 kg/ha as PPI), T7 (quizalofop 0.06 kg /ha as POE), T8 (clodinafop 0.06 kg/ha as POE) and T13 (weedy check). Though, T12 (HW at 20 and 40 DAS) recorded maximum values of plant height (164.97 cm), number of branches per plant (12.48), number of siliqua per plant (378.27), number of seeds per siliqua (10.90), seed yield (1989 kg/ha)and stalk yield (4159 kg/ha), it was closely followed and found statistically at par with T11 (weeding by wheel hoe at 30 DAS) and T10 (isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha as POE). Although the significant highest gross return (Rs.70078/ha) was recorded by weed free (HW at 20 and 40 DAS) over other weed management practices except weeding by wheel hoe at 30 DAS; highest net return (Rs.40339/ha) was not realized by weed free situation but it was realized by wheel hoe at 30 DAS which was significantly superior than oxadiargyl 0.09 kg/ha as PE, trifluralin 0.75 kg/ha as PPI, quizalofop 0.06 kg /ha as POE, clodinafop 0.06 kg/ha as POE, oxyfluorfen 0.15 kg/ha as PE, isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha as PE and weedy check and was found statistically at par with the remaining weed management practices. Among the herbicides used, highest gross return (Rs. 62142/ha) and net return (Rs.39225/ha) were recorded by post emergence application of isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha. Again, the highest benefit: cost ratio (1.75) was not realized by the treatment which recorded the highest net return but it was recorded by post emergence application of isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha which was significantly superior than oxadiargyl 0.09 kg/ha as PE, trifluralin 0.75kg/ha as PPI, quizalofop 0.06 kg/ha as POE, clodinafop 0.06 kg/ha as POE, isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha as PE, weedy check and weed free practice.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of herbicides and their combination in Cyperus dominated rabi maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) patil, Sandeep; Kumar, M.
    An experiment on “Efficacy of herbicides and their combination on Cyprus dominated rabi maize (Zea mays)” was conducted at TCA farm Dholi, Muzzffarpur during rabi 2013-14. The treatment comprised of halosulfuron methyl at different level along with combinations of atrazine, carfentrazone, 2,4-D and hand weeding were arranged in a RBD design with thirteen treatments. QPM maize cultivar ‘Shaktiman-3’ sown in the experimental field with recommended package practices. Fertilizers were applied uniformly in the field through Urea, SSP and MOP @ 150:75:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O per hectares, respectively. Growth attributes i.e., plant height (cm), plant population (plants/ha), effective plant population (plants/ha) and phytotoxicity observation. Yield indices i.e., number of cobs per plant number of grains/cob, grain weight g/cob and test weight (g) were recorded during experimentation. Among the different herbicidal treatments highest value of yield attributes such as number of grains/cob, grains weight/cob test weight (g) were recorded under the application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE), atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha 30 DAS. Grain, stover and stone yields were significantly influenced by different treatments similarly. Higher grain yield 80.45 q/ha, 80.08q/ha and 79.29q/ha were recorded with weed free plot, atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were significantly superior over other treatments. The grain yield increased by both treatments, application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) were 139 percent and 137 percent respectively over check. The different treatments significantly influenced the weed population and the lowest value of Cyperus weed population was recorded under weed free check at both the stages. Among the different herbicidal treatments, minimum sedges population were recorded under application of halosulfuron methyl in all doses alone or in combination which effectively reduced the cyperus population, which were significantly superior over remaining treatments including weedy check. The different treatments influenced the total weed population as well as weed dry weight significantly and the lowest value of total weed population and dry weight was recorded under weed free check. Among the different herbicidal treatment the lowest value of total weed population and dry weight was recorded under application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE) reduced total weed population and weed dry weight which was statistically at par with atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE) and carfentrazone @ 20g/ha (PoE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and significantly more effective over rest of the treatments. Weed control efficiency of different treatments influenced significantly and the highest weed control efficiency was recorded under weed free check (97.27%). Among the herbicidal treatments maximum weed control efficiency (86.61 % and 85.83%) were recorded under the application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively. Data pertaining to the cost of cultivation clearly indicated that among different herbicidal treatment weed free check (three hand weeding’s at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing) recorded highest cost of cultivation (39321 /ha) it happens due to higher expanses on labour. Among the herbicidal treatments highest cost of cultivation (26769 /ha and 26519 /ha) were recorded under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively. The lowest cost of cultivation (25191 /ha) was recorded under weedy check. The maximum gross return (99622.1 /ha) was obtained under weed free check. Among the herbicidal treatments, maximum gross return (99107.9 /ha and 98173.2 /ha) were calculated under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (Pre-emergence) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (Pre-emergence) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were found to be significantly superior over other treatments. The highest value of net return (72339.20 /ha) was calculated under treatment atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) was statistically at par with treatment atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) (71654.58 /ha), and net return obtained by both treatments which were found significantly superior over remaining treatments. Different herbicidal treatments on maize crop had exerted significantly effect on B:C ratio. The highest value of B:C ratio (2.71 and 2.70) were obtained under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE)followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were found significantly superior over remaining
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of mungbean (Vigna radiata) to fertilizer and irrigation during summer
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Patel, Ajay Kumar; pandey, I. B.
    A field experiment entitled “Response of mungbean (Vigna radiata ) to fertilizer and irrigation during summer” was carried during summer 2013 at crop research centre, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The treatments comprised two levels of fertilizers [50% of the recommended dose and the recommended dose of fertilizer (20 kg N, 40 kg P2O5 and 0 kg K2O/ ha)], three bio-fertilizers (Control, Rhizobium and Rhizobium + PSB) and four irrigation scheduling (Rainfed, one irrigation at 20 days after sowing, one irrigation at 40 days after sowing and two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing). The treatments were replicated thrice in randomized block design. Observations on various growth parameters, yield attributes, yield, nodulation and qualitative parameters were recorded. Growth attributes i.e., days to seedling emergence, plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and days to 50% flowering and yield indices i.e., length of pod, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight were significantly higher under recommended dose of fertilizer than 50% recommended dose of fertilizer. Among the bio-fertilizers, combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB recorded higher values of growth and yield indices than control and Rhizobium inoculation. Two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing recorded significantly higher values of growth as well as yield attributes than rainfed and one irrigation at 40 days after sowing but remained at par with one irrigation at 20 days after sowing. However, 100 seed weight was not significantly affected by irrigation scheduling. Grain and straw yields were significantly affected by fertility levels. Recommended dose of fertilizer significantly enhanced grain and straw yield than 50% recommended dose of fertilizer. Among the bio-fertilizers, combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield but were at par with Rhizobium and both produced significantly higher yields over control. Two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields than rainfed control and one irrigation at 40 days after sowing but remained at par with one irrigation at 20 days after sowing. Water use efficiency and water productivity were significantly influenced by fertility levels. Highest dose of fertilizer recorded significantly higher water use efficiency and water productivity than 50% recommended dose of fertilizer. Water use efficiency was not significantly affected by bio-fertilizers. However, water productivity was significantly influenced by bio-fertilizers. Combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium +PSB recorded higher water productivity than control but was at par with Rhizobium. Water use efficiency and water productivity were not significantly influenced by irrigation scheduling but the magnitude of increase was higher under rainfed. Nodulation i.e., number of nodules per plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules, total microbial count and microbial activity were significantly affected by fertilizer levels. The recommended dose of fertilizer recorded higher values of these indices than 50% of the recommended dose. Bio-fertilizers exerted significant effect on these indices. Combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB recorded higher number of nodules, fresh and dry weight of nodules, total microbial count and microbial activity than Rhizobium inoculation and control. Irrigation scheduling also exerted significant effect on the nodulation indices except for the number of nodules per plant where non-significant variation was noticed. Maximum number of nodules, fresh and dry weight of nodules, total microbial count and microbial activity were recorded under two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing than rainfed control and one irrigation at 40 days after sowing but remained at par with one irrigation at 20 days after sowing. Recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly higher protein content in grain than 50% of the recommended dose. Among the bio-fertilizers, combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB recorded higher protein content being at par with Rhizobium inoculation and both significantly scored over control. Among the irrigation scheduling, no significant variation in protein content was observed. Total N, P, K uptake by the crop was significantly influenced by fertility levels. Maximum NPK uptake by crop was recorded at recommended dose of fertilizer. Similarly, total NPK uptake by crop was also significantly affected by bio-fertilizers. Highest NPK uptake was recorded under combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB than control and Rhizobium inoculation. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium also recorded higher NPK- uptake by crop than control. Irrigation scheduling also had significant effect on nutrient uptake by crop. Significantly higher NPK- uptake by crop was recorded under two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing over rainfed and one irrigation at 40 days after sowing but remained at par with one irrigation at 20 days after sowing. Among the fertility levels, recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly higher value of gross return, net return and B: C ratio than 50% of the recommended dose. Combined inoculation of seed with Rhizobium and PSB although recorded significantly higher gross return, net return and B: C ratio but was at par with Rhizobium inoculation and both recorded significantly higher values over control. Two irrigations at 20 and 40 days after sowing being at par with one irrigation at 20 days after sowing in respect to gross return, net return and B:C ratio and both recorded significantly higher gross return, net return and B:C ratio than one irrigation at 40 days after sowing and rainfed control.