Efficacy of herbicides and their combination in Cyperus dominated rabi maize (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2014
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Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
An experiment on “Efficacy of herbicides and their combination on Cyprus dominated rabi maize (Zea mays)” was conducted at TCA farm Dholi, Muzzffarpur during rabi 2013-14. The treatment comprised of halosulfuron methyl at different level along with combinations of atrazine, carfentrazone, 2,4-D and hand weeding were arranged in a RBD design with thirteen treatments. QPM maize cultivar ‘Shaktiman-3’ sown in the experimental field with recommended package practices. Fertilizers were applied uniformly in the field through Urea, SSP and MOP @ 150:75:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O per hectares, respectively.
Growth attributes i.e., plant height (cm), plant population (plants/ha), effective plant population (plants/ha) and phytotoxicity observation. Yield indices i.e., number of cobs per plant number of grains/cob, grain weight g/cob and test weight (g) were recorded during experimentation. Among the different herbicidal treatments highest value of yield attributes such as number of grains/cob, grains weight/cob test weight (g) were recorded under the application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE), atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha 30 DAS.
Grain, stover and stone yields were significantly influenced by different treatments similarly. Higher grain yield 80.45 q/ha, 80.08q/ha and 79.29q/ha were recorded with weed free plot, atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were significantly superior over other treatments.
The grain yield increased by both treatments, application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) were 139 percent and 137 percent respectively over check.
The different treatments significantly influenced the weed population and the lowest value of Cyperus weed population was recorded under weed free check at both the stages. Among the different herbicidal treatments, minimum sedges population were recorded under application of halosulfuron methyl in all doses alone or in combination which effectively reduced the cyperus population, which were significantly superior over remaining treatments including weedy check.
The different treatments influenced the total weed population as well as weed dry weight significantly and the lowest value of total weed population and dry weight was recorded under weed free check. Among the different herbicidal treatment the lowest value of total weed population and dry weight was recorded under application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE) reduced total weed population and weed dry weight which was statistically at par with atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5g/ha (PoE) and carfentrazone @ 20g/ha (PoE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and significantly more effective over rest of the treatments.
Weed control efficiency of different treatments influenced significantly and the highest weed control efficiency was recorded under weed free check (97.27%). Among the herbicidal treatments maximum weed control efficiency (86.61 % and 85.83%) were recorded under the application of atrazine @ 500g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively.
Data pertaining to the cost of cultivation clearly indicated that among different herbicidal treatment weed free check (three hand weeding’s at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing) recorded highest cost of cultivation (39321 /ha) it happens due to higher expanses on labour. Among the herbicidal treatments highest cost of cultivation (26769 /ha and 26519 /ha) were recorded under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively. The lowest cost of cultivation (25191 /ha) was recorded under weedy check.
The maximum gross return (99622.1 /ha) was obtained under weed free check. Among the herbicidal treatments, maximum gross return (99107.9 /ha and 98173.2 /ha) were calculated under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (Pre-emergence) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (Pre-emergence) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were found to be significantly superior over other treatments. The highest value of net return (72339.20 /ha) was calculated under treatment atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) was statistically at par with treatment atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) (71654.58 /ha), and net return obtained by both treatments which were found significantly superior over remaining treatments.
Different herbicidal treatments on maize crop had exerted significantly effect on B:C ratio. The highest value of B:C ratio (2.71 and 2.70) were obtained under application of atrazine @ 500 g/ha (PE) followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) and atrazine @ 250 g/ha (PE)followed by halosulfuron methyl @ 67.5 g/ha (PoE) respectively, which were found significantly superior over remaining
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