Integrated weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
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Date
2015
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Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)
Abstract
A field experiment entitled “Integrated weed management in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)” was carried out during spring 2014 at the Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, R.A.U., Pusa, Bihar, India to investigate the effect of manual, herbicidal and integrated treatments on the weed dynamics, growth, yield and economics of sunflower. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Treatments constituted viz., pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha (38.7 CS new molecule) as pre-emergence, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + quizalofop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + fenoxoprop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, farmers practice (one hand weeding at 30 DAS), pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one weeding by power weeder at 35 DAS, one weeding by power weeder at 35 DAS, weed free (two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and unweeded control.
Weed management treatments significantly influenced growth parameters, quality parameters, yield attributes and yield of sunflower. Plant height (cm), head diameter (cm), 100 seed weight (g), seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) obtained under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) had significantly higher value than pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS, pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + quizalofop ethyl @ 37.5 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS. Hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS though recorded higher seed yield and straw yield but statically at par with pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS and pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS.
Prominent weeds found in the experimental plot were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Chenopodium album, Parthenium hysterophorus and Cannabis sativa.
Among the herbicides tested, the highest weed control efficiency (%) recorded under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and was followed by pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS. The lowest weed index (%) was noticed under pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS.
The higher gross return 86,533.00 (`/ha) was obtained under weed free (twice hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS) and was at par with pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + one intercultivation at 20 DAS followed by hand weeding at 40 DAS, however the highest net return 55,233.31 (`/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.93) were fetched under under the treatment pendimethalin (38.7 CS new molecule) @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence + propaquizafop @ 62 g a.i./ha at 20 DAS.
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