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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

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End date: 2013 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANALYSIS OF MORPHO-MOLECULAR DIVERSITY, COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-11-20) VIVEK, B. C.; Lohithaswa, H. C.
    An investigation was carried out at ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya; ARS, Bavikere and Farmer's field, Yatnahalli village, Ranibennur Tq. to analyze the morphological and molecular (SSR) diversity, combining ability of inbreds and stability of hybrids for 16 morphological characters during kharif 2012. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among 100 inbreds and 225 hybrids for all the 16 characters. One hundred inbreds were grouped into 10 clusters and cluster I (48) accommodated maximum number of inbreds. The character days to brown husk contributed highest for total divergence and the inbred MAI- 706 recorded highest mean values for more number of characters. At the molecular level, inbreds were grouped into seven clusters and cluster III was the largest with 35 entries. A total of 213 SSR alleles were detected and the marker umc2078 sampled highest number of alleles and maximum PIC was observed for umcl542. There was no agreement between morphological and molecular diversity. Predominance of additive genetic variance was noticed for characters grain yield, test weight, grain rows per cob, cob length and cob girth. The inbreds LM-13,V-1712-1, V-1154 and CIMMYT-5 were good general combiners and the crosses MAI-117 x LM 13, Z-62-67 x MAI 105 and Z-62-55 x LM 13 were good specific combiners.The crossesCIMMYT-5 x LM 13, LTP-1 x SKV 50 and CIMMYT-5 x SKV 50 manifested significant standard heterosis for highest number of characters.The test hybrids V-2232 x MAI 105, V-1649 x MAI 105, CIMMYT-5 x LM 13, V-1712-1 x MAI 105, Z-63-30 x LM 13, V-632-112 x LM 13, V-1168 x LM 13, V-291-2 x LM 13, V-632-67 x LM 13, CML-172 x MAI 105, V-1154 x LM 13, V-241-2 x LM 13, CIMMYT-47 x LM 13, Z-51-1 x LM 13, HKI-193-1 x LM 13, V-2232 x LM 13 and V-1649 x LM 13 were stable with high grain yield and could be further evaluated for confirmation of their superiority.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATUS AND REVALIDATION OF POTASSIUM REQUIREMENT FOR FINGER MILLET-MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE IN EASTERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-12-12) ATHEEFA, MUNAWERY; RAMAKRISHNA PARAMA, V. R.
    Potassium is an essential nutrient for growth and development of crops, which is being depleted in Indian soils due to very low applications. The present study conducted during 2010-11 on Alfisol addresses the above issue. Field and pot experiments were carried out to determine the effect of graded levels of potassium on growth and yield of crops and soil properties under nutrient gradient strips and to revalidate the optimum dose of K required for maize in soils of eastern dry zone of Karnataka where K status was low to medium. Field experiments indicated higher grain yield (3287.67 and 7762.00 kgha-1 respectively) in-case of fingermillet and maize was recorded in T6 (200%K+Rec.NP+FYM) of very high K fertility gradient strip (K4). High major, secondary and micronutrients in soils with increase in potassium fertility gradients (K0 to K4). Calcium and magnesium decreased from Control (T1) to treatment T7 (200%K+Rec.NP). A comparison of K added and taken-up which is referred to as K balance indicated a negative value in-case of (T1, T2, T4 and T6) in very low K gradient (K0) whereas (T1, T2, T3 and T5) recorded negative value in low K gradient (K1) strip respectively, this was in-case of fingermillet whereas in maize T1 of K0 gradient recorded negative K balance, all other treatments in other K fertility gradients recorded positive balance. Water soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable and total potassium in soil after fingermillet–maize sequence increased with increase in levels of potassium application. Results of pot experiment indicated critical limit of 105 kg K ha-1 for soil available K and 1.72% plant K for maize crop. The soil available K can be revalidated as <105 kg ha-1 very low, 106 to 215 kg ha-1 low, 216 to 380 kg ha-1 medium and >380 kg ha-1 as high in available K respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development of mapping population and detection of QTL for shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-03-26) Pallavi, Pawar.; Ramanjini Gowda, P. H.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Validation of abiotic stress responsive transcription factors by over expression in crop plants
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-03-19) Pruthvi, V.; NATARAJA KARABA, N.
    Drought, temperature extremes and salinity are the most common abiotic stresses, adversely affecting plant growth and productivity. Plants activate stress signalling pathways, biochemical and physiological processes necessary for stress adaptation upon stress induction. Although stress tolerance is governed by multiple traits, a few traits play a major role in adaptation. Under drought, traits linked to water mining and water conservation, water use efficiency and cellular tolerance (CT) to desiccation are considered to be relevant. In this study, attempts have been made to improve CT in drought hardy crop, peanut (Arachis hypogaea, cv. TMV2) and susceptible crop, sunflower (Helianthus annuus, IB20) by coexpressing stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs, namely, AtDREB2A, AtHB7 and AtABF3), the major proteins associated with gene expression. Transgenic crops showed increased tolerance to drought, salinity and oxidative stresses compared to wild type. Simultaneous expression of three TFs induced the expression of various stress responsive genes including detoxifying enzymes, protein kinase, RD29a, LEA and chaperons indicating that co-expression of TFs can be a good strategy to improve stress tolerance by activating multiple pathways. Attempts have also been made to prospect candidate TFs from drought hardy crop, peanut, and three different TFs, namely, AhZinc finger, AhBTF3 and AhNFYA7 were cloned from cDNA and functionally validated under different stresses by over expression in model plant, tobacco. AhZinc finger overexpression resulted in an increased expression of detoxifying enzymes leading to enhanced tolerance to heavy metal stress. AhBTF3 transgenic plants showed better phenotype under mannitol- and NaCl-induced stresses. Similarly, AhNFYA7 transgenic plants exhibited increased tolerance under DTT- and tunicamycin-induced ER stresses. The study demonstrated that the three genes cloned have relevance in improving cellular tolerance under stressful conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on validation of molecular markers linked to wilt resistance, polymorphic information content (PIC) and transferability of functional markers in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-07-27) JAYALE ASHWIN, SANJAYRAO; RAVIKUMAR, R L
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crops in the Indian subcontinent and the Mediterranean regions. Chickpea wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris, is the most important biotic factor reducing productivity in India. Allele specific associated primers (ASAP) i.e.-27700 linked H1 locus and SSR markers TA- 72, TR-20, NCPGR-74, and H4G11 linked to H2 locus were reported by earlier workers. The validation of these markers linked with wilt resistant loci was carried out by studying 11 diverse chickpea lines for wilt reaction and markers. The marker CS-27700 was found to be consistent with the phenotypic reaction and function across genotypes but SSR markers were not consistent. The presence of this dominant marker indicates susceptibility to wilt. In addition, 60 newly developed transcriptome based SSR markers were studied for their polymorphic information content (PIC) and cross-species transferability across different pulses like horse gram, cowpea, pigeon pea, black gram and soybean. All the 60 primers studied gave amplification in all the 11 chickpea genotypes. Among which, 50 were monomorphic and 10 were polymorphic. The PIC value ranged from 0.151 to 0.372. Among other pulses, the highest amplification rate of these SSRs were found in horse gram (30.0%) followed by cowpea (20.0%), pigeon pea (11.6%), soybean (10.0%), black gram (10.0%). The results indicate that genic SSR markers are less polymorphic but highly transferable among other legume species. Chickpea SSR markers are useful to develop genomic resources in orphan crops like horse gram, black gram and cowpea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERTIGATION AND MULCHING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) VAR. ARKA LOHIT
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2013-12-10) THIPPA REDDY, K V M; KEMPE GOWDA, K
    Chilli is one of the most valuable commercial vegetable crops grown throughout the country. It is grown in both rainfed and irrigated conditions, however in traditional growing regions of Karnataka, it is mainly grown as a rainfed crop. The study was carried out in PFDC Centre, Division of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK in 2012-13 to determine the effect of different levels of fertigation and mulching on growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Arka Lohit with 8 treatments in combination of 3 fertigation and 2 mulching levels. The treatment T5 [ 120% RDF (water soluble) + drip fertigation + 30 micron black polythene mulch] recorded maximum plant height (110.60 cm), number of branches(18.10), plant spread (4241.70 cm2), number of flowers (231.16), fruit set percentage (79.12), fruit length (9.62 cm),number of fruits per plant (185.10), fruit yield per plant (573.81 g), fruit yield per hectare(16.98 t), quality attributes like number of seeds per fruit (75.74), dry fruit weight (22.74 per cent), ascorbic acid (131.62 mg/100 g of fresh weight,) TSS (7.4 °Brix). From this investigations we could conclude that, 120 per cent of recommended dosage (180 N : 90 P2O5 : 90 K2O Kg ha-1) of fertilizers in the form of water soluble fertilizer along with drip irrigation + 30 micron black polythene mulch is ideal for the maximum growth, yield and quality attributes in chilli var. Arka Lohit.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC STUDIES ON YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)
    (2013) SANDEEP KUMAR; RAMESH KUMAR
    ABSTRACT The present studies entitled “Genetic studies on yield and quality traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)” were carried out at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2011 and 2012. The experimental material for the present study comprised of F1 population of forty eight crosses, developed by crossing 16 lines and 3 testers. All the parents (16 lines and 3 testers) and their hybrids (48) along with the standard checks (KH-1 and Pusa Sanyog) were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design for their comparative evaluation. The observations were recorded on days to first female flower appearance, node number bearing first female flower, days to marketable maturity, fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm), average fruit weight (g), fruit colour, number of marketable fruits per plant, harvest duration (days), marketable yield per plot (kg) & per hectare (q), total soluble solids (oB), cucurbitacin content (μg/100g), incidence of fruit fly (%), severity of powdery mildew (%), downy mildew (%) and angular leaf spot (%), seed germination (%) and seed vigour index-I and II. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Experimental results revealed that five lines viz., LC-1-1, CGN-20953, LC- 2-2, CGN-19533 and Gyne-5 and two testers viz., K-75 and Poinsette were found superior on the basis of mean performance and general combining ability studies. Five cross combination viz., LC-1-1 x K-75, LC-2-2 x Poinsette, CGN-19533 x K-75, Gyne-5 x K-75 and CGN-20953 x Poinsette were found best on the basis of mean performance, specific combining ability and heterosis studies. Hence, these hybrid combinations can be tested further at multilocations before releasing as a substitute of already exiting hybrid varieties of cucumber in Himachal Pradesh and in India as well.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic impact of public sector agricultural research in ragi and redgram in Karnataka
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2013-12-30) K, Suresh; M. G, Chandrakanth
    In this study, the economic impact of research in ragi and redgram crops in Karnataka is analyzed and quantified using economic surplus, TFP and Partial Budgeting approaches. For this purpose, in Ragi, GPU 28 and in Redgram BRG 2 varieties released by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore have been considered as they were appreciably performing with increasing adoption over time. The primary data on costs and returns in the cultivation of the main and check varieties have been obtained from farmers. The gross returns realized by the BRG 2 red gram farmers as pure crop per acre was Rs.18, 513, whereas it was Rs.16, 082 by check variety (TTB 7) farmers with a difference of Rs. 2430 per acre, higher by 15 percent. The gross return realised by the GPU 28 farmers were Rs. 18,236 whereas it was Rs. 14,389 by check variety farmers higher by 27 percent. The estimated economic surplus due to adoption of BRG 2 redgram variety in Karnataka was Rs. 56.47crores for the period 1995 to 2010. The economic surplus due to Ragi GPU 28 variety is Rs. 1540 crores from 1986 to 2010. The economic impact of research in red gram and ragi using partial budgeting technique indicated that the total economic benefit realised by adopting the BRG 2 redgram variety in Karnataka is estimated as Rs.3.84 crores per year and Rs. 115.44 crores per year for GPU 28 variety of ragi. The Total Factor Productivity index of redgram grew at the rate of 3.31 per cent per annum and that of ragi grew at 4.75 per cent per annum. Thus, Public research significantly contributed to TFP growth in ragi. The additional investment of one rupee in ragi research generated additional income of Rs. 26.84, indicating substantial rate of returns to investment on research in ragi in Karnataka.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Exploring the natural diversity in Elakki Bale (Musa AB) for identification of early, DWARF and panama wilt resistant types, their evaluation for traits of economic importance, and mass multiplication
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2013-12-26) Pooja, Bohra; K, Umesha
    The indigenous banana variety, Elakki Bale, has attained commercial proportions in recent past owing to its superior quality attributes and better price realization to the growers. For facilitating large scale area expansion of this elite type, the present investigation was carried out to identify near-ideotypic lines of short duration, dwarf stature and resistant to Panama wilt disease. Also, the possibility of mass multiplying the variety through micropropagation and macropropagation was explored for meeting the growing needs, and expansion of this variety in non-traditional belts. Extensive survey was carried out in 98 villages spread across 28 taluks of 10 districts of Karnataka, and 69 apparently promising accessions were identified. However, severe incidence of rhizome rot during nursery maintenance resulted in complete loss of suckers belonging to varied accessions. Morphometric evaluation of the remaining 37 accessions revealed considerable diversity in terms of growth, reproductive phenology related parameters, yield and postharvest quality attributes. Considerably large numbers of accessions evaluated for their reaction to Fusarium wilt through in vitro screening were found to be resistant to the disease. Based on overall performance, five most promising lines (EB 23, EB 38, EB 48, EB 49 and EB 58) were shortlisted for future studies. For micropropagation, shoot tip explants obtained from small sized suckers, surface sterilization with NaOCl (0.5%) and HgCl2 (0.1%) and inoculated onto the medium supplemented with Rifampicin (200 mg/l) gave maximum aseptic cultures. Sucrose (3%) was found to promote maximum shoot multiplication, while glucose (2%) was better carbon source for ex vitro rooting and hardening. Amongst different growth regulators, TDZ was found to be the most potent cytokinin, whereas in vitro rooting was promoted in the presence of IBA (1.0 mg/l). Preliminary studies on macropropagation revealed better multiplication in untreated suckers, while use of BAP promoted the growth of emerged plantlets.