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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PYTHIUM SOFT ROOT ROT DISEASE OF MULBERRY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2019-08-28) RAVICHANDRA; Y. M. SOMASEKHARAMulberry crop affected by many diseases and threatening the mulberry cultivation. Recently, some of the mulberry gardens were infected with soft root rot disease with symptoms like withering and drying of leaves, mucilaginous matrix on bark of the roots resulting roots become soft and ultimately the plant showed epinasty and wilting. The soft root rot disease was observed in Agara (43.76 %), Kebre (32.57%), Thattekere (18.79%) and Gerehalli (13.58%) villages of Ramanagara district and Maddur (7.89 %), Halaguru (16.78 %) and Malavalli (6.58 %) of Mandya district. The pathogen Pythium sp. Was isolated from infected roots and identified based on morphological characters and proved pathogenicity. The maximum growth of the pathogen was found at 25 °C with pH 7. PDA (90 mm) and V-8 agar (90 mm) supported maximum growth of the pathogen. Among the fungicides evaluated in vitro condition Captan (86.29 %), Mancozeb + Metalaxyl, Carbendazim + Mancozeb, Fenamidone + Mancozeb, Azoxystrobin + Mancozeb (94.44 %), and Tebuconazole (100 %) were found effective. Among botanicals, neem extract (14.02 %) had highest inhibition of the pathogen. Trichoderma viride-1 (95.54 %) and Bacillus pumilis (58.88 %) were effective in vitro conditions. The bio-agents T. viride-1 and T. viride-2 found effective in glasshouse and field conditions. The effective fungicides Mancozeb + Metalaxyl (0.1 %) and Captan (0.2 %) reduced disease under field conditions up to 31.96 and 27.45 per cent, respectively. These fungicides, botanicals and bio-agents can be exploited for the management of soft root rot disease of mulberry.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOPLASMAS INFECTING CERTAIN COMMERCIAL FLOWER CROPS OF ASTERACEAE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) MENAKA; RANGASWAMY., K.T.Phyllody disease caused by phytoplasma is gaining importance in recent years on marigold, chrysanthemum and aster, which are commercially cultivated in Karnataka. Survey carried out in major growing areas of these three crops revealed the occurrence of phyllody disease in the range of 2 to 50 per cent. In aster, highest phyllody disease incidence was recorded in Devanahalli taluk of Bengaluru rural district (50.83%) and lowest in Mulbagal taluk of Kolar district (26.75%). In marigold, highest incidence was recorded in Mulbagal taluk of Kolar district (11.29%) and lowest in Madhugiri and Koratagere taluks of Tumkuru district (7.23%). In chrysanthemum, highest incidence was recorded in Madhugiri and Koratagere taluks of Tumkuru district (6.19%) and lowest was recorded at GKVK, Bengaluru (2.89%). The association of phytoplasma with phyllody disease of marigold, chrysanthemum and aster was confirmed by PCR detection through amplification of phytoplasma genes viz., 16S-23S rRNA, sec A and rp genes and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences. Amplification of DNA from phyllody infected tissues using universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 revealed amplification of 1.8 kb and 1.2 kb fragments corresponding to 16S-23S rRNA, while 480 bp of sec A and 1.2 kb of partial rp genes were amplified using sec A F2/sec A R and RPF/ RPR primers, respectively from phyllody infected samples revealing the association of phytoplasma with the disease. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, sec A and partial rp genes revealed that phytoplasma causing phyllody among aster, marigold and chrysanthemum belongs to 16SrII phytoplasma group.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLOITING THE BIO CONTROL POTENTIALITY OF Bacillus velezensis P42 AND A6 STRAINS AGAINST IMPORTANT BACTERIAL WILT AND EARLY BLIGHT DISEASES OF TOMATO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RATHNA, V.; PRASANNA KUMAR, M.K.Tomato is a prominent vegetable crop which is frequently affected by bacterial wilt and early blight demanding integration of biological features in its management. Whole genome sequencing of Bacillus velezensis strains P42 revealed genome size of 4.04 mb with 4028 protein-coding genes having 452 unique genes with 3576 conserved genes and 40 biosynthetic gene clusters. B. velezensis A6 and P42 were formulated into 14 solid and 10 liquid formulations, among them tablet (P42-log1010.54 and A6- log1010.50 cfu g-1) and 10mM glycerol formulation exhibited highest population (P42- log1010.79 and A6-log10 9.61 cfu ml-1). Tablets exhibited inhibition zone of 3.41 cm (P42) and 3.3 cm (A6) whereas, nutrient broth P42 exhibited 1.00 cm and 1.37 cm (10mM glycerol A6) against R. solanacearum. Talc formulation of both strain resulted in 80.49 per cent mycelial inhibition followed by 10mM trehalose of A6 (65.85%) and P42 (63.41%) against A. solani. In vivo studies revealed that tablet, YE (1%) and tryptone (1%) formulations of P42 exhibited 25 per cent wilt incidence while tablet formulation of A6 showed 100 per cent control. Both A6 and P42 of 10mM glycerol, nutrient-broth, poly vinyl pyrrolidine (2%), 10mM trehalose exhibited 25 per cent wilt incidence. P42 of tablet formulation recorded 26.67 per cent and YE (1%) of A6 recorded 20.00 per cent disease severity while 10mM glycerol and 10mM trehalose of P42 exhibited 26.67 per cent and 10mM glycerol of A6 exhibited 20 per cent disease severity against A. solani. The two strains were compatible with important fungicides and antibiotics.ThesisItem Open Access UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF VIRUS INDUCED TERPENOID SYNTHESIS REGULATION IN VIRUS-HOST-VECTOR INTERACTIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) PRAJWAL, N.R.; Lakshminarayana Reddy, C.N.Understanding the virus-host-vector relation is key to design management strategies against viral diseases of crop plants and attempt was made to understand the same in the current study. The Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) was transmitted by whitefly Bemisia tabaci to tomato (Arka Vikas) plants, which produced leaf curl symptoms. TMV, ChiVMV and CMV biologically purified on Nicotiana glutinosa, Datura metel and cucumber plants, respectively and sap inoculated to tomato, chilli (Kashi Anmol) and N. glutinosa, respectively which produced characteristic symptoms. Molecular detection of TMV, ChiVMV and CMV by RT-PCR using CP gene specific primers produced an expected amplicon of 800 bp in all cases and ToLCV by PCR using begomovirus specific primers resulted in expected amplicon of 1400 bp. In Y- tube choice assay for ToLCV and TMV infected tomato plants, more response of non viruliferous whiteflies towards infected plants and ToLCV viruliferous whiteflies towards healthy plants was observed. There was no difference in response towards ChiVMV infected and healthy chilli plants. However, difference was observed in case of ChiVMV infected D. metel plants and CMV infected N. glutinosa with more towards healthy plants. Differential gene expression analysis through Real time-PCR for four genes involved in terpenoid synthesis in ToLCV infected tomato leaf samples, showed the down regulation of DXS, ISPD and Pins genes and up regulation of HMGR gene. In TMV infected tomato leaf samples, DXS and ISPD genes were down regulated, HMGR gene was up-regulated and there was no differential regulation of Pins gene.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES OF Rhizoctonia solani CAUSING SHEATH BLIGHT IN RICE AND ITS MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-07-01) KIRAN KUMAR, N.; Narendrappa, T.Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive diseases in rice contributing to significant yield loss. Morphological variability of twenty isolates of R. solani from rice revealed maximum hyphal width of 7.21 μm in the isolate MYRS 1and the minimum hyphal width of 3.45 μm was observed in HARS 1. The highest mycelial growth of 54.8 mm was noticed in MYRS 3 and the least growth was observed in MYRS 2 (15.8 mm). The twenty isolates under study except HARS 7 produced sclerotial bodies and many produced dark brown, micro sized and separate sclerotia on the surface of the medium. The highest relative lesion length of 51.2% was observed in MARS 5 and the least relative lesion length was observed in HARS 7 (10.5%). The genetic diversity of twenty R. solani isolates using 19 ISSR markers showed 100 per cent polymorphism and were grouped into 5 clusters. The R. solani isolates recorded negative infectivity on ragi, maize, jowar and tomato plants except MYRS 1, MYRS 2, MARS 2, MARS 6 and HARS 1 isolates that showed infectivity on beans. The highest in vitro inhibition of growth of R. solani (51.1%) was observed in cabbage and the least inhibition was 21.93% with radish at 1:1 dilution. The highest inhibition of growth of R. solani was observed in Trichoderma viride (38.88%) and the least inhibition was noticed in case of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis which recorded 18.88% inhibition over control. Foliar application of propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 % at 30 DAT and 60 DAT was found most effective in suppressing the disease (3.70%) followed by soil application of mustard leaf @5 g/100 g soil before transplanting and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/L at 30 DAT (6.48%). Under field evaluation, foliar application of propiconazole 25 EC @ 0.1 % at 30 DAT and 60 DAT was most effective with least mean disease severity (12.59%) with highest yield (4992 kg/ha) followed by soil application of mustard leaf @ 5 kg/plot before transplanting and foliar application of P. fluorescens @ 5 g/L at 30 DAT with 17.77% mean disease severity and 4433 kg/ha yield.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VITAMIN B12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN) PRIMING ON ALLEVIATING SALINITY STRESS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-07-01) MANJUNATHA, R.; DAYAL DOSS, D.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is sensitive to salinity. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of saline water and vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) priming on growth parameters and biochemical attributes in chickpea genotypes HC-5 (salt sensitive) and JG-11 (salt tolerant). The seeds were primed in various concentrations of vitamin B12 (10 and 20 μM). Physiological characters (Plant height, number of leaves, dry weight, and relative water content) and biochemical (antioxidants, malondialdehyde, proline, protein) parameters were analyzed. Results revealed an increase in growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, root and shoot dry weight, leaf area and nodule number. Salinity stress caused a decline in yield and yield attributes in HC-5 genotype. At the biochemical level, higher accumulation of osmotic solute proline and lipid peroxidation were observed. An increase in the activity of Superoxide dismutase, Peroxidase and Catalase and increased leghaemoglobin content were also observed in tolerant genotype (JG-11) as compared to sensitive genotype. Seed priming with vitamin B12 induced these stimulatory effects on all the measured parameters. The relative expression of CMO and BADH gene was higher in JG-11 indicating increase in synthesis of glycine betaine in tolerant variety. SDS-PAGE revealed more deletion than addition of polypeptide bands and increase/decrease in the intensities of certain bands was noticed in the seeds of JG-11 and HC-5. Results evinced that Vitamin B12 priming of seeds can be effectively used as a pre-sowing treatment for mitigating adverse effects of salinity in chickpea genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND PLANT HORMONES AGAINST TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS AND SCREENING OF TOMATO BREEDING LINES FOR RESISTANCE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SWATHI, B.; PRAMEELA, H.A.Nutrients and plant hormones were evaluated against tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD). Among the plant nutrients sprayed a lowest disease incidence (20%) was recorded in the plants sprayed with the boron at inoculation period of 5 Days After Spray (DAS) and an increase in activity of defence enzymes like Peroxidase (PO), Poly Phenol Oxidase (PPO) and Phenyl Ammonia Lyase (PAL) (0.182, 2.40 and 13.76 μmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively) and higher amount of total phenols (2.07 mg/100mg), total proteins (1.27 mg/100mg) and chlorophyll content of 10.15 SPAD meter reading were recorded. Among the varied concentrations of Salycylic Acid (SA) applied, application of 250 μM of SA at inoculation period of 5 DAS showed a lower disease incidence (15%) and an increase in activity of PO, PPO and PAL (0.292, 2.99 and 18.36 μmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively) and higher amount of total phenols (2.17 mg/100mg), total proteins (1.27 mg/100mg) and chlorophyll content of 9.67 SPAD meter reading were recorded. Among the different concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) sprayed, spraying of NAA at 15 ppm at inoculation period of 5 DAS recorded a lowest disease incidence (30%) and an elevated levels of PO, PPO and PAL (0.192, 2.45 and 19.16 μmol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively) and also higher amount of total phenols (2.15 mg/100mg), total proteins (1.17 mg/100mg) and chlorophyll content of 9.4 SPAD meter reading. Out of 62 F2 tomato genotypes and 10 hybrids screened for ToLCVD resistance, one F2 genotype (COHBTTF2/130-7) showed a resistant reaction.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES IN Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn INFECTING SELECTED CEREAL CROPS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-07-01) KAVYA, S.; Nagaraja, A.Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a highly virulent pathogen with wide host range and causes different diseases on different crops. There are different strains within the species of the fungus, which affects different crops and induces different types of symptoms. Eleven pathogenic isolates obtained from different crops and regions of India were identified as of R. solani. With respect to mycelial growth, five isolates each were fast and medium fast growing while one isolate was slow growing. In majority of the isolates, the sclerotia were dark brown. The isolates took 3-15 days for sclerotial initiation; sclerotial diameter ranged from 0.65-2.46 mm. In the mycelial compatibility of the eleven isolates, out of the possible 121 combinations, 78 were found to be compatible, 35 were incompatible and 8 were found to be partially compatible. Among the different fungal antagonists tested, Trichoderma harzianum (Th-14), T. harzianum (Th-1), T. harzianum (TB-2), T. harzianum (Th-51) and T. harzianum (Th-B2) showed 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth, whereas among the bacterial bio-agents, Pseudomonas fluorescens recorded 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth. Out of the 16 plant extracts tested, Agave, clove and garlic showed complete inhibition of R. solani. ITS rDNA region amplification was at 700-750 bp in all the six isolates. Based on the sequence comparison, the identification of Rhizoctonia isolates was confirmed and all the ITS rDNA sequences of the isolates were of R. solani.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GRAY MOLD OF CASTOR CAUSED BY Amphobotrys ricini (N. F. Buchw.) Hennebert(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) RAMYA, R.V.; Karuna, K.Castor crop suffers from many diseases of which gray mold is important. Anamorphs of Botryotinia ricini viz., Amphobotrys ricini and Botrytis cinerea are found to incite gray mold. On the basis of morphology of the fungus isolated from the castor capsules collected at Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bengaluru which was grown on oat meal enriched medium produced septate and branched mycelium which was thin, hyaline to light brown in colour and produced cylindrical, dichotomously branched conidiophores bearing conidia and this was identified as Amphobotrys ricini. Morphological studies revealed that highest radial growth was observed on Malt extract agar medium, but profuse sporulation was in oat meal enriched medium. Maxium dry mycelial weight was observed in Richard’s agar. Highest number of sclerotia were produced on Malt extract agar whereas large sized sclerotia were produced on Richard’s agar and Malt extract agar. The PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS rDNA region confirmed that A. ricini as the cause of gray mold. Among the systemic fungicides Carbendazim, Propiconazole @ 50, 250, 500 ppm showed complete inhibition; contact fungicide Mancozeb @ 1000 ppm; combi fungicide Carbendazim + Mancozeb @ 250, 500, 1000 ppm; nano molecule Silicon dioxide @ 250 ppm were found to be superior in inhibiting the growth. Management of gray mold disease revealed that, least disease index with higher seed yield was recorded in Carbendazim 1.0 g L-1 when prophylactic spray was given before the onset of disease and next spray 15 days after first spray.
