Thumbnail Image

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

Browse

201620
Reset filters
Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 20
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) AGAINST DRY ROOT ROT CAUSED BY Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. AND ITS MANAGEMENT
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-12) JYOTHI, V.; Saifulla, M.
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), also known as Gram or Bengal gram, is the second most important pulse crop in the world, India accounting for 60 to 75 per cent of the world‟s chickpea production. It is known by a variety of names that includes, poischiche (French), homos (Arabic), chickpea (English), grao-de-bico (Portugese), garbanzo (Spanish), chana (Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu) and kondaikadalai (Tamil). Chickpea seeds contain high quality easily digestible protein (25 %) and carbohydrates (20 %) making it an important source of protein for the vegetarians of the country and thus it is also called “Poor man‟s meat.” Chickpea is widely used either as grain or vegetable in Indian cuisine and an important source of vegetable protein. The origin of chickpea is thought to have been in South Eastern Turkey and neighbouring Northern Syria (Van der Maesen, 1972). It has since spread to many other geographical regions of the world because of its ability to grow in diverse environmental conditions. There are two main commercial types of chickpea, the “Desi” type with smaller and darker coloured seeds which may vary from yellow to black and the “Kabuli” type with large, smooth and light coloured seeds.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFICACY OF COLLOIDAL SILVER PARTICLES AGAINST SELECTED PLANT PATHOGENS
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-29) SHANTAMMA; Rangaswamy, K. T.
    Studies on efficacy of colloidal silver particles against late blight of potato and bacterial blight of pomegranate were carried out during 2014-16. Colloidal silver was synthesized by the ‘bottom up’ approach of wet chemical synthesis and analyzed by laser Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The particle size was in the range between 11.17 to 5186 nm with a mean diameter of 149.4 mm, of which 93.60 per cent particles measured 171.8 nm in diameter. The colloidal silver @ 500 ppm concentration was recorded (86.13 %) significantly maximum inhibition of Phytophthora infestans mycelia growth whereas @ 10 and 25 ppm completely inhibited Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. The physical incompatibility was noticed when colloidal silver combined with fungicides Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % WP and Dimethomorph 50 % WP due to change in the pH (8) of mixed solution, but physical compatibility was observed when colloidal silver particles antibiotic Streptocycline (Streptomycin sulphate 90 % + Tetracycline hydrochloride 10 %). The pH of the mixed solution was acidic (5.6). Phytotoxicity was recorded at 750 ppm of colloidal silver alone and in combinations with fungicides and antibiotic on both potato and pomegranate. In field studies, 500 ppm of colloidal silver in combination with 0.2 per cent of Cymoxanil 8 % + Mancozeb 64 % recorded maximum reduction of late blight severity as compared to either colloidal silver alone and its combination with Dimethomorph 50 % WP @ 0.20 per cent. No significant enhancement of inhibitory activity was observed when applied with antibiotic Streptocycline against pomegranate bacterial blight. The increased activity of defense enzymes viz., PO, PPO, PAL, chitinase, total phenols and higher accumulation of chlorophyll was observed in late blight infected potato and pomegranate plants upon treatment with either colloidal silver alone or in combination with fungicides/antibiotics.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TOSPOVIRUSES AND IDENTIFICATION OF HOST RESISTANCE IN CAPSICUM SP.
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-27) PAVITHRA, B. S.; Krishna Reddy, M.
    Survey was conducted in different districts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu indicated GBNV incidence of 3 to 21 per cent and the infected plants exhibited chlorotic and necrotic ringspot symptoms. The virus was transmitted mechanically and infects systemically to groundnut, beans, soybean, pea, watermelon, potato, marigold and local lesions on cowpea, tobacco, datura, petunia, chenopodium and sunhemp. The electron microscopic observation of virus infected chilli samples showed presence of spherical particles of 80-120 nm in diameter. In DAC-ELISA, the virus showed positive reaction to GBNV specific antisera. Using overlapping primers specific to GBNV, complete genome was amplified and sequenced for three isolates of GBNV. The S RNA has 3057 nt length with two ORFs (NSs and N gene) separated by intergenic region (IGR), the M RNA contains 4815 to 4817 nt in length with two ORFs (NSm and Gp) separated by IGR and the L RNA of 8911 nt has single ORF which codes for RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Among 102 germplasm screened, eight genotypes are highly resistant, eight genotypes are resistant, seven genotypes are moderately resistant. Using RGA primers specifically amplified a DNA fragment of 0.5kb from resistant chilli genotypes but not from susceptible genotypes. After cloning and sequencing, out of 81 clones, 60 clones showed 69.5 to 100 per cent similarities with known RGAs. Eighteen clones of Non TIR-NBS-LRR type of RGAs had similar homology with putative late blight resistance genes of Nicotiana tabacum, N. tomentosiformis, Solanum lycopersicom, S. pennelli, S. tuberosum and PVr9 potyvirus resistance protein. Twelve clones of TIR-NBSLRR type of RGAs had similar homology with TMV resistance protein N like gene of Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tabacum, N. tomentosiformis, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. bulbocastanum, S. esculentum, S. pennelli and S. tuberosum. RGAs identified will be useful in marker-assisted breeding for GBNV resistance in chilli.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IN VITRO AND FIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SILICON SOURCES AGAINST SELECTED DISEASES IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-12-27) KEDARNATH; Rangaswamy, K. T.
    Studies on evaluation of different silicon sources against major diseases of tomato viz., early blight, late blight, powdery mildew and bacterial wilt were carried out during 2014-16. The studies revealed that, silicon sources inhibited the growth of Alternaria solani (15.67 to 87.50 %), Phytophthora infestans (1.12 to 90.37 %), Oidium neolycopersici (67.40 to 100 %) and Ralstonia solanacearum (0.08 to 2.44 OD @ 600 nm) at different concentrations under in vitro condition. Silixol plus @ 4 ml L-1 found most effective in inhibiting A. solani, P. infestans and O. neolycopersici, whereas, OSAB @ 4 ml L-1 against R. solanacearum under in vitro condition. OSAB @ 4 ml L-1 as foliar spray three times at 15 days intervals effectively reduced the disease severity of powdery mildew (55.50 %) under pot culture study, late blight (50.43 %) and early blight (33.15 %) under field condition whereas, OSAB @ 4 ml L-1 as seedling dip followed by soil application (10 and 20 DAP) reduced the bacterial wilt incidence by 77.33 per cent in pot culture study and 67.80 per cent under field condition besides reducing the soil and rhizosphere population of R. solanacearum at both flowering and harvesting stage. Seedling dip, soil and foliar application of OSAB and Silixol plus @ 4 ml L-1 also increased plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry shoot weight, silicon content, yield and chlorophyll content (SPAD values) besides increased activity of defense related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-1, 3 glucanase, chitinase, soil urease and sucrose activity) during post application.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATION ON GANODERMA WILT OF COCONUT AND ARECANUT WITH RESPECT TO PATHOGEN VARIABILITY AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-23) PALANNA, K. B.; Narendra, T.
    The incidence of Ganoderma wilt of coconut and arecanut was maximum (19.32 %) in Tumkur district followed by Chitradurga and Hassan in southern Karnataka. Diseased root bits and sporocarp were good source(s) for isolation of Ganoderma with Potato Dextrose Agar and Oat Meal Agar that supported highest radial growth and biomass production. Of the nine Ganoderma isolates, CG11 recorded maximum disease severity index (62.50 DSI) in coconut. However, Arecanut isolate AG9 recorded maximum DSI (75) and designated as most virulent isolates. The pileus shape, pileus thicknes, stipe length, stipe attachment and colour of pore surface of sporocarps varied greatly in coconut and arecanut. The molecular characterization of Ganoderma through DNA amplification resulted in 650bp in all isolates tested. The phylogenetic analysis of TIS sequence with other known species of Ganoderma through NCBI web proved that the isolates were related to Ganoderma sp. with 80-100 per cent identity and shown close relationship with India, China and Sri lanka Ganoderma species. Bengalgram, redgram and bhendi were found indicator plants for early detection of disease. Cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of Ganoderma was recorded in Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, Hexaconazole, Kitazin, Propineb and combi-products viz., Hexaconazole + Zineb, Hexaconazole + Captan, Fenmidone + Mancozeb, Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin WG at >250ppm. Urea recorded 67.34 and 46.89 per cent inhibition against CG14 and AG7 respectively. However, chemical fertilizers supported the development of T viride at lower concentration (250 ppm). ZnSo4 and Gypsum recorded 52.53 and 7.42 per cent inhibition of biocontrol agent at 1000 ppm; MgSo4 supported the growth and sporulation of biocontrol agent. Tebuconazole root feeding in coconut @1.5 ml in 100 ml water/palm at quarterly interval + Soil application of 5 kg neemcake enriched with T. viride/ palm/ half yearly + Pseudomonas fluorescens (talc formulated) @ 50 g/palm/ half yearly + Soil drenching with half yearly 1per cent Bordeaux mixture @ 20 l/palm reduced disease index and which accounted 76.41per cent reduction over in control with maximum nut yield. Similarly, the treatment in arecanut recorded the least increase of 7.39 disease index, which accounted 55.22 per cent reduction over control with maximum nut yield.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WILT COMPLEX IN BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.)
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-10-20) UMASHANKAR KUMAR, N.; Ravichandra, N.G.
    Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), known as the “King of spices” and “black gold” is prone to attack by burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis and fungal wilt pathogen, Phytophthora capsici causing wilt complex and considerable yield loss. Roving survey in five major black pepper growing malnad regions of Karnataka during 2013-14 revealed maximum wilt complex incidence in Chickmagalur district (31.28 %) followed by Coorg (30.94 %), Uttara Kannada (29.3 %) Shivamogga (29.07 %) district and least was recorded in Hassan district (25.77 %). Maximum wilt complex was observed in Bilimalligesara cultivar (33.86 %) and lowest was in Karimunda (17.41 %) cultivar. R. similis was a predominant nematode with highest prominence values in all the taluks of malnad districts surveyed. Major plant parasitic nematode includes Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne inocgnita, Pratylenchus coffeae, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Major fungal pathogen includes Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Maximum number of lesions (63.20) and highest lesion index (3.80) on roots were recorded with R. similis alone followed by combined inoculation of R. similis and P. capsici (15 days before) with 53.60 and 3.40 number of lesions and lesion index respectively. Soil pH 5.50 to 6.00 favored both pathogens in soil. The cultivars, Girimunda, Malabar XL, Shakthi, Karimunda, and Panniyur- 1 were highly susceptible to R. similis with lesion index of 5.00. Panchami, Shreekara, Pournami and Thevam showed susceptible reaction to R. similis with lesion index 4.20, 4.00 and 3.80 respectively. None of the cultivars showed immune or resistant or tolerant reaction to wilt complex. Integrated application of Bordeaux mixture spray (before and after monsoon) + 50 g soil application of Trichoderma harzianum (15 days after spray) or Bordeaux mixture spray (before and after monsoon) + 50 g soil application of Purpureomyces lilacinum (15 days after spray) was most effective in managing wilt complex and also with increased cost benefit ratio.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE OF SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-08-08) NAVEESH, Y. B; Prameela, H. A
    Soybean yellow mosaic virus (SYMV) disease caused by a begomovirus is a major constraint in soybean cultivation in Karnataka. SYMV was successfully transmitted through whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Hundred per cent virus transmission was obtained by using ten adult whiteflies per plant with 12 hr of acquisition access period (AAP), inoculation access period (IAP) and incubation period. One week old soybean plants were susceptible for SYMV infection. SYMV was successfully transmitted to soybean, horse gram, french bean, pole bean, lima bean, green gram and rice bean. The virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using viral coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) gene specific primers. PCR product of 1000 and 900 bp sized corresponding to CP and MP genes of the virus were amplified from total DNA obtained from SYMV infected leaf tissue. The nucleotide sequences of the CP and MP genes showed maximum nucleotide identity of 98 per cent and 99 per cent respectively with horse gram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV) isolates infecting french bean and lima bean. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of CP and MP genes of SYMV revealed that virus isolate (GKVK) clustered with HgYMV infecting french bean and lima bean isolates of Bengaluru, which indicate that the virus causing SYMV disease is a strain of HgYMV. Out of forty three genotypes of soybean screened for SYMV under glass house condition, eleven genotypes viz., KDS-378, RKS-118, Bragg, DS-2706, DSb-25, Dsb-23, MAUS-2, DSb-21, DS-2708, DS-2006 and DS-2707 were found moderately resistance to SYMV.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIO-MANAGEMENT OF BLAST OF FINGER MILLET (RAGI) CAUSED BY Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc.
    (2016-07-26) RAKESHA; Narendrappa, T
    Finger millet is an important millet crop of southern Karnataka, affected by blast disease that causes yield loss up to 50 to 60 per cent. A total of 35 bacterial and six fungal antagonistic organisms isolated from finger millet phyllosphere were identified as species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Trichoderma based on the cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. In vitro evaluation of phyllosphere microflora against P. grisea revealed that Bacillus isolates B13, B3, RBs1, B7 and Pseudomonas isolates P2, P17, P22, RPf1 and T. harzianum (Th3) recorded maximum inhibition of 66.79, 66.41, 66.29, 59.35, 62.24, 52.16, 50.16, 50.09 and 56.60 per cent respectively. Bacillus isolate B13 found potential against P. grisea which was further identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on 16S rRNA sequence. and these isolates were tested for their efficacy under pot culture. Foliar spray of P. fluorescens (RPf1) recorded minimum PDI of leaf (30.46), neck (1.59) and finger (3.12) blast besides maximum plant growth promotion in-terms of shoot (106.20 cm) and root length (42.83 cm) which was on par with B. amyloliquefaciens and T. harzianum. Further, field evaluation of these bioagents revealed that Seed treatment + Seedling dip + Foliar spray with P. fluorescens RPf1 recorded minimum PDI of leaf (19.49), neck (1.42) and finger blast (1.26) with maximum growth promotion i.e. shoot length (99.10 cm), fresh shoot weight (45.33 g), grain yield (1900 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5375 kg ha-1) followed by B. amyloliquefaceins confirming usage of bioagents in the management of finger millet blast. .
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON SEED MYCOFLORA OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata L.)
    (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2016-07-26) DEVAMANI, B. D; Saifulla, M
    Mung bean seeds are infected by various organisms affecting germination, leading to yield loss. Eighteen mung bean seed samples collected from thirteen districts of Karnataka were tested for mycoflora by employing standard blotter method which revealed the association of twelve fungi viz., Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Curvularia lunata, Macrophomina phaseolina and Chaetomium globosum. Seed samples collected from Kalaburagi, Raichur and Bagalkot districts recorded the highest mycoflora. Seeds of mung bean genotypes grown in kharif recorded highest association of seed mycoflora compared to rabi. Among different incubation methods employed, blotter method was found ideal in enumerating seed mycoflora. Location of mycoflora in mung bean seeds showed that A. flavus was confined to both seed coat and cotyledons, whereas Fusarium to embryo. Survival of mycoflora on mung bean seeds revealed that field fungi decreased after eight months of storage whereas storage fungi increased. Hot water treatment at 40 °C for 30 minutes was found best in managing seed mycoflora followed by solar heat treatment and dry heat treatment. Seed treatment with captan at the rate 4 g kg-1 of seed significantly reduced seed mycoflora (78.68 %). Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at the rate of 8 g kg-1 of seed reduced the seed mycoflora up to (69.63 %) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescences (66.49 %) and T. viride (64.39 %).