ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF WILT COMPLEX IN BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.)
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Date
2016-10-20
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU
Abstract
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), known as the “King of spices” and
“black gold” is prone to attack by burrowing nematode, Radopholus
similis and fungal wilt pathogen, Phytophthora capsici causing wilt
complex and considerable yield loss. Roving survey in five major black
pepper growing malnad regions of Karnataka during 2013-14 revealed
maximum wilt complex incidence in Chickmagalur district (31.28 %)
followed by Coorg (30.94 %), Uttara Kannada (29.3 %) Shivamogga (29.07
%) district and least was recorded in Hassan district (25.77 %).
Maximum wilt complex was observed in Bilimalligesara cultivar (33.86 %)
and lowest was in Karimunda (17.41 %) cultivar. R. similis was a
predominant nematode with highest prominence values in all the taluks
of malnad districts surveyed. Major plant parasitic nematode includes
Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne inocgnita, Pratylenchus coffeae,
Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Major fungal
pathogen includes Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia
solani. Maximum number of lesions (63.20) and highest lesion index
(3.80) on roots were recorded with R. similis alone followed by combined
inoculation of R. similis and P. capsici (15 days before) with 53.60 and
3.40 number of lesions and lesion index respectively. Soil pH 5.50 to
6.00 favored both pathogens in soil. The cultivars, Girimunda, Malabar
XL, Shakthi, Karimunda, and Panniyur- 1 were highly susceptible to R.
similis with lesion index of 5.00. Panchami, Shreekara, Pournami and
Thevam showed susceptible reaction to R. similis with lesion index 4.20,
4.00 and 3.80 respectively. None of the cultivars showed immune or
resistant or tolerant reaction to wilt complex. Integrated application of
Bordeaux mixture spray (before and after monsoon) + 50 g soil
application of Trichoderma harzianum (15 days after spray) or Bordeaux
mixture spray (before and after monsoon) + 50 g soil application of
Purpureomyces lilacinum (15 days after spray) was most effective in
managing wilt complex and also with increased cost benefit ratio.
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