INVESTIGATIONS ON SEED MYCOFLORA OF MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata L.)
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Date
2016-07-26
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU
Abstract
Mung bean seeds are infected by various organisms affecting germination,
leading to yield loss. Eighteen mung bean seed samples collected from thirteen
districts of Karnataka were tested for mycoflora by employing standard blotter
method which revealed the association of twelve fungi viz., Aspergillus niger,
Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Penicillium notatum,
Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor sp., Curvularia
lunata, Macrophomina phaseolina and Chaetomium globosum. Seed samples
collected from Kalaburagi, Raichur and Bagalkot districts recorded the highest
mycoflora. Seeds of mung bean genotypes grown in kharif recorded highest
association of seed mycoflora compared to rabi. Among different incubation methods
employed, blotter method was found ideal in enumerating seed mycoflora. Location
of mycoflora in mung bean seeds showed that A. flavus was confined to both seed
coat and cotyledons, whereas Fusarium to embryo. Survival of mycoflora on mung
bean seeds revealed that field fungi decreased after eight months of storage whereas
storage fungi increased. Hot water treatment at 40 °C for 30 minutes was found best
in managing seed mycoflora followed by solar heat treatment and dry heat treatment.
Seed treatment with captan at the rate 4 g kg-1 of seed significantly reduced seed
mycoflora (78.68 %). Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum at the rate of 8 g
kg-1 of seed reduced the seed mycoflora up to (69.63 %) followed by Pseudomonas
fluorescences (66.49 %) and T. viride (64.39 %).
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