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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CALLUS INDUCTION POTENTIAL IN LOCAL PADDY VARIETIES Oryza sativa L. indica(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) TATHAGATA CHANDA; Bhavani, P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop globally and is studied extensively. Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant for in vitro culture techniques which make it difficult for genetic transformations and molecular studies. The present study is to establish in vitro protocol for indica rice. Surface sterilisation of seeds was done with different sterilizing agents, 0.05% HgCl2 for 1 min was best. MS salts with different combinations of growth hormones, carbon sources were used. Azucena (Japonica) performed best in media containing sucrose and 2,4- D whereas IR64 (Indica) in media containing maltose and a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin. Varietal variations were observed in callus induction and callus growth. IR-30864 showed initiation in 7 days whereas CTH-1 took 15 days. Among 20 varieties, four varieties that performed better are KMP-220, KCP-1, CTH- 3, Paustic-1. The incubation conditions had an impact on callus induction percentage and days to callus induction. Paustic-1 showed the most change in callus induction percentage and days to callus induction doubled in IR- 30864. Bacterial contamination showed no sign of reduction even when seeds were treated for 1 min with streptomycin sulphate before inoculation. CTH-3 showed the highest contamination. Morphogenetic media containing different concentrations of BAP/Kinetin and NAA was used for evaluation. In media containing NAA (0.5mg/l) and BAP (2.5mg/l) KMP- 220, IR-30864, KCP-1, CTH-3, Rathna chudi showed root growth. In all other combinations callus browning and ultimately blackening were observed. A highly efficient and widely used tissue culture system for indica rice will accelerate the application of gene editing and transformation technology in breeding programs.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY OF SEQUENCE PATTERN OF MAJOR GENES OF STEROL PATHWAY AND SYNTHESIS OF STEROLS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN PADDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) VASANI FORAM PARESH; Bhavani, P.Rice is a major crop used by two-thirds of the population over the world as a staple food. Drought stress is the most important constraint in rice production. Plant sterols, generally known as phytosterols, are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer. Their levels are high in plants when exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. The levels of two major phytosterols, campesterol and stigmasterol were analysed to check for their association with different levels of drought stress. Seeds were sterilized and grown in Hoagland media for 10 days. Thereafter, drought was induced with solution of PEG-8000 in varying concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) for 10 days. The total sterols were then extracted in hexane and analysed using RP-HPLC where the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection was done at 210 nm. Phytosterol concentration was observed to have increased in all the genotypes as the level of PEG treatment increased. The genotype VARY MALADY showed the highest concentration of campesterol whereas UPRH 31 showed the highest level of stigmasterol among the seven genotypes analyzed. It was observed that phytosterol levels are high in plants exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. There is evidence that an increase in Steryl Ester (SE) level during aging and senescence is a mechanism for recycling of the membrane lipid sterols, a similar mechanism may be at work during stress conditions which is also associated with catabolism of membrane lipids.ThesisItem Embargo DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPORTANT VIRUSES INFECTING BANANA IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) MOHAMMAD IMRAN KUMASAGI; NAGESHA, NBanana is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruits in the world. Banana is affected by many viral diseases. In the present investigation, detection and characterization of important viruses infecting banana in Southern Karnataka was carried out. The roving survey found that banana bunch top virus (BBTV) and banana streak virus (BSV) infection on banana in Chikkaballapura and Bengaluru rural districts. Under field conditions, infected banana plants exhibited typical symptoms of BBTV and BSV. The presence of these two viruses was confirmed by PCR, and multiplex PCR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that nanovirus isolates (BBTV Bengaluru and BBTV Chikkaballapura) isolated from banana belonged to the Pacific Indian Ocean group. BSV isolate (Chickaballapura) isolated from banana in the present study was considered as a new variant of BSV. There is recombination in the genome DNA-1 of BBTV but no recombination in BSV. The molecular docking analysis for coat protein of four banana viruses (BBTV, BSV, Banana bract mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus) revealed that the terpenoids (Cucurbitacin-A, cucurbitacin-B, Musabalbisiane B, Musabalbisiane C, Musabalbisiane A), flavonoids (Vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, orientin, Isoscoparin, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, apigenin-7-0-glucoside, kaemferol-3-0-rhamnoside) and antioxidants (Cucumerin-A and cucumerin-B) from phytochemicals and antiviral agents (Luotonin-A, streptindole, carrageenan, tylophorinine, antofine, ribavirin, peonidin, swertianolin) and Phytoalexins (Musanolone E, Musanolone F) were shown good binding affinities against coat protein of four banana viruses, which indicates the antiviral potentiality of phytochemicals and antiviral agentsThesisItem Embargo TRANSFORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIFUNGAL GENES AGAINST TURCICUM LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE IN MAIZE (Zea mays) AND TOBACCO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) MAHADESH T L; NAGESHA, N.Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital food crop of world importance is markedly affected by disease leaf blight generally called as turcicum leaf blight of maize caused by fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum. The existing available management practices including chemicals are having major limitation, hence transgenic approach is one of the alternative approaches in providing resistance against turcicum leaf blight of maize. The present investigation aims at transformation of antifungal genes into maize and tobacco using different methods of transformation which will be useful in providing resistance against turcicum leaf blight infection. The plasmid from transformed pB4NU vector + RACK1 gene and pB4NU vector + Glucanase gene were amplified using gene specific primers. The amplification of genes was confirmed by PCR using gene specific primers with amplification of 1005 bp (RACK1) and 1051bp (Glucanase). The transformation was carried out using in-planta mediated transformation in maize and agroinfiltration in tobacco respectively. The transformed maize and tobacco plants was confirmed by using gene specific primers and expression of the antifungal proteins was confirmed by SDSPAGE analysis. The characterization of expressed antifungal proteins including bioassay was done using transformed tobacco plants. Bioassay of antifungal proteins was carried out using poison food technique under invitro against turcicum leaf blight fungus using antifungal proteins from agroinfiltrated tobacco plantsThesisItem Embargo IN- VITRO REGENERATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin Benth.), WITH A REPORTER GENE AND ITS IN-VIVO PROPAGATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-27) SADIQ PASHA; Anitha PeterPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin. Benth.) is one of the important aromatic plants mainly cultivated for its essential oil. The oil blends well with essential oils and imparts strength, character and alluring notes. The oil is used in the manufacture of perfumery chemicals, food flavours and flavouring of other consumer products. With the growing demand for its oil an attempt for an effective and reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol for patchouli, its transformation with reporter genes and effect of growth regulators on in-vivo propagation is performed to determine the influence of different growth regulators on rooting of patchouli cuttings for quick and successful multiplication. Patchouli successfully regenerated in SIM (MS media with 2.0mg/ L of BAP and 0.1 mg/L of NAA) and RIM of 0.5 mg/ L IAA, for all parameters recorded and was used as the media for its transformation. The plant was transformed with GUS and GFP genes and are confirmed with histochemical and PCR assays. Among the growth regulators, combination of IBA and NAA (3000 ppm) recorded highest percentage of rooting (83.75 %), more number of sprouts (22.05), early sprouting (15.88 days) and root initiation (10.50 days), maximum root length (15.25 cm), and highest survival percentage (91.50 %) and was on par with IBA at 3000 ppm. IBA at 5000 ppm recorded highest length of sprouts (18.63 cm) on par with NAA at 3000 ppm (18.60 cm). Combination of IBA and NAA each at 3000 ppm is found to be the best treatment for propagation of patchouli.ThesisItem Embargo IN SILICO MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND 3D MODELLING OF SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN OF SARS-COV2(COVID19) TO EVALUATE THE TARGET REGION FOR PLANT BASED VACCINES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) RACHANA D; Nagesha, S.N.SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was reported for the first time at the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan (China) and has spread worldwide in three years. It has lead to the infection of more than 500 million people and about six million death. SARS-CoV-2 has proved to be very dangerous for human health. The spike protein is a prime target of neutralizing antibodies as it plays critical roles in host cell recognition, fusion, and virus entry and it is composed of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) which is involved in the interactions with human angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and causes infection leading to the COVID-19 disease. Here, in order to find the target region for developing vaccines we have performed multiple sequence alignment of 157 amino acid sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using BioEdit software and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences were carried out using MEGA-X. Further, multiple sequence alignment of different variants of SARS-CoV2 with reference to the first human SARS-CoV2 virus from Wuhan, China was performed followed by the phylogenetic analysis. In this study it was seen that RBD region(319-541residues) in S1 subunit of Spike protein was conserved having mutation at the 7 positions with sequence identity of 96.30% and this clearly suggests that the S1 subunit (RBD 319-541) can be used as a target region for stable and safe vaccine development.ThesisItem Embargo CLONING OF 2-PHENYLETHANOL SYNTHESIZING GENE CYP79D73 FROM PLUMERIA RUBRA AND IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) SAHANA, T.; NAGESHA, N.Two-phenylethanol(2PE) is an organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2) attached to OH. This metabolite is ubiquitously found in plants, but its highest expression has been noted in Frangipani (Plumeria rubra). This compound has antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfectant property and is also known for its aromatic essence, hence used as a preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery. Frangipani is well known for its brightly coloured and fragrant flowers and emits several floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This species has a flower-specific gene encoding a cytochrome P450 family 79D protein (PrCYP79D73), which is a crucial player in the biosynthesis of the major floral VOC- 2PE and other nitrogen-containing volatiles. In the present study, an attempt was made for isolation and cloning of 2PE encoding gene. The genomic DNA from frangipani was extracted and used for the amplification of 2PE encoding gene. An amplification product of ~1578 bp was obtained. An attempt was also made on analysing antiviral and antifungal properties of 2PE through molecular docking. The 2PE has showed affinity towards antiviral proteins such as Covid-19 protease, Hepatitis-B protein and HIV protease protein and affinity towards fungal proteins such as Aspergillus niger endoglucanase, Candida albicans myristoyl transferase and Rho1 protein of Penicillium chrysogenum indicating its potential application in making drugs. GC-MS analysis of aromatic compounds in Plumeria rubra in comparison with rose, champaca and Plumeria alba depicted compounds which are benzene derivatives and most of which are aromatic compounds and are widely used in perfumery industry, cosmetics preparation and pharmaceutical industryThesisItem Embargo OPTIMIZATION AND UP SCALING OF PHYTOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND USE IN COWPEA PRODUCTION: EVALUATION OF EFFECTS ON DEFENCE, PLANT GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) SUNIL KOUJALAGI; VEENA S, ANILIn recent times, nanotechnology is an emerging area of research in the field of agriculture. In previous study, Anil and coworkers synthesized AgNPs by reducing AgNO3 using an aqueous extract of Santalum album. In the current study, large scale phytosynthesis of silvernanoparticles was standardized and silvernanoparticles were characterized using UVspectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, AFM, and SEM. The results of characterization showsthat silvernanoparticles are spherical in shape and size in the range of 20-30 nm. Using dye degradation as a function of reduction in absorption specrta the shelf life of silvernanoparticles was found stable up to one month. FTIR confirms presence of phenolic and aromatic groups and proteins involved in formation and capping of silvernanoparticles. SEM, XRD, AFM results confirm the size, shape, crystalline nature and roughness of silver nanoparticles. Shaking and nonshaking of the phytosynthesis mixture resulted spherical nanoparticles, and both had the catalytic function of degrading dyes. To further understand how AgNPs affect cowpea crop yield and biotic stress tolerance, a field experiment was conducted. In current study, AgNPs enhanced yield by 51.4 % and it was found to increase rust disease resistance in cowpea. Both field and pot experiments showed increased plant biomass, secondary metabolites, defense enzyme and seed yield. According to GC-MS analysis, AgNPs-treated plants produced several antimicrobial compounds. AgNP treatment of seeds exhibited increase in POX,SOD activities, secondary metabolite levels and significantly promote growth in emerging seedlings. Seed germination experiments also shown the increases in germination and vigor of AgNPs treated seedlings. It is concluded that defense primed plants by AgNPs may successfully withstand biotic stresses and can be employed to increase cowpea productivThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CHILLI HOST FACTORS INVOLVED IN CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS (CLCV) RESISTANCE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-23) SUNITA; S.N. NageshaChilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important cash crops grown in India. Cultivation of chilli has been adversely affected by CLCV (Chilli Leaf Curl Virus), transmitted by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci L.) in a persistent manner. CLCV is the most harmful virus in terms of incidence and yield loss, sometimes it may cause 100% yield loss during severe infection. Out of several genetic approaches CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism is the best suited one to combat against viral diseases. In this study we targeted the host susceptible gene (Pelota /EOF), that is important for the CLCV for successful infection and multiplication, in order to control the virus multiplication t o minimize the disease incidence. In this experiment we used prepared EOF Sg – 253, EOF Sg – 30 construct against Chilli Pelota / EOF gene and transferred to Chilli through both stable transformation and transient agroinfiltration and integration of CRISPR/Cas9 was confirmed using PCR. Similarly, optimization of virus transmission is carried out, confirmed agroinfilatretd EOF Sg – 253, EOF Sg – 30 plants were further used for screening with viruliferous whiteflies. The screening was carried out every week and rating was given as range between 0 – 5, and PDI (Percent of diseases incident) was calculated. Both EOF Sg – 253, EOF Sg – 30 showed negative results to CLCV detection through PCR, while buffer control showed positive for CLCV. So it shows the construct with SgRNA is effective against CLCV.
