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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON CALLUS INDUCTION POTENTIAL IN LOCAL PADDY VARIETIES Oryza sativa L. indica(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) TATHAGATA CHANDA; Bhavani, P.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop globally and is studied extensively. Indica rice is reported to be recalcitrant for in vitro culture techniques which make it difficult for genetic transformations and molecular studies. The present study is to establish in vitro protocol for indica rice. Surface sterilisation of seeds was done with different sterilizing agents, 0.05% HgCl2 for 1 min was best. MS salts with different combinations of growth hormones, carbon sources were used. Azucena (Japonica) performed best in media containing sucrose and 2,4- D whereas IR64 (Indica) in media containing maltose and a combination of 2,4-D and kinetin. Varietal variations were observed in callus induction and callus growth. IR-30864 showed initiation in 7 days whereas CTH-1 took 15 days. Among 20 varieties, four varieties that performed better are KMP-220, KCP-1, CTH- 3, Paustic-1. The incubation conditions had an impact on callus induction percentage and days to callus induction. Paustic-1 showed the most change in callus induction percentage and days to callus induction doubled in IR- 30864. Bacterial contamination showed no sign of reduction even when seeds were treated for 1 min with streptomycin sulphate before inoculation. CTH-3 showed the highest contamination. Morphogenetic media containing different concentrations of BAP/Kinetin and NAA was used for evaluation. In media containing NAA (0.5mg/l) and BAP (2.5mg/l) KMP- 220, IR-30864, KCP-1, CTH-3, Rathna chudi showed root growth. In all other combinations callus browning and ultimately blackening were observed. A highly efficient and widely used tissue culture system for indica rice will accelerate the application of gene editing and transformation technology in breeding programs.ThesisItem Embargo STUDY OF SEQUENCE PATTERN OF MAJOR GENES OF STEROL PATHWAY AND SYNTHESIS OF STEROLS IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS IN PADDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-31) VASANI FORAM PARESH; Bhavani, P.Rice is a major crop used by two-thirds of the population over the world as a staple food. Drought stress is the most important constraint in rice production. Plant sterols, generally known as phytosterols, are integral components of the membrane lipid bilayer. Their levels are high in plants when exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. The levels of two major phytosterols, campesterol and stigmasterol were analysed to check for their association with different levels of drought stress. Seeds were sterilized and grown in Hoagland media for 10 days. Thereafter, drought was induced with solution of PEG-8000 in varying concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %) for 10 days. The total sterols were then extracted in hexane and analysed using RP-HPLC where the injection volume was 20 μL and the detection was done at 210 nm. Phytosterol concentration was observed to have increased in all the genotypes as the level of PEG treatment increased. The genotype VARY MALADY showed the highest concentration of campesterol whereas UPRH 31 showed the highest level of stigmasterol among the seven genotypes analyzed. It was observed that phytosterol levels are high in plants exposed to drought stress, which implies that phytosterols and their esters may have a role in tolerance to drought stress by reinforcing the cell membranes. There is evidence that an increase in Steryl Ester (SE) level during aging and senescence is a mechanism for recycling of the membrane lipid sterols, a similar mechanism may be at work during stress conditions which is also associated with catabolism of membrane lipids.ThesisItem Embargo DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPORTANT VIRUSES INFECTING BANANA IN SOUTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) MOHAMMAD IMRAN KUMASAGI; NAGESHA, NBanana is one of the most popular and widely consumed fruits in the world. Banana is affected by many viral diseases. In the present investigation, detection and characterization of important viruses infecting banana in Southern Karnataka was carried out. The roving survey found that banana bunch top virus (BBTV) and banana streak virus (BSV) infection on banana in Chikkaballapura and Bengaluru rural districts. Under field conditions, infected banana plants exhibited typical symptoms of BBTV and BSV. The presence of these two viruses was confirmed by PCR, and multiplex PCR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that nanovirus isolates (BBTV Bengaluru and BBTV Chikkaballapura) isolated from banana belonged to the Pacific Indian Ocean group. BSV isolate (Chickaballapura) isolated from banana in the present study was considered as a new variant of BSV. There is recombination in the genome DNA-1 of BBTV but no recombination in BSV. The molecular docking analysis for coat protein of four banana viruses (BBTV, BSV, Banana bract mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus) revealed that the terpenoids (Cucurbitacin-A, cucurbitacin-B, Musabalbisiane B, Musabalbisiane C, Musabalbisiane A), flavonoids (Vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, orientin, Isoscoparin, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, apigenin-7-0-glucoside, kaemferol-3-0-rhamnoside) and antioxidants (Cucumerin-A and cucumerin-B) from phytochemicals and antiviral agents (Luotonin-A, streptindole, carrageenan, tylophorinine, antofine, ribavirin, peonidin, swertianolin) and Phytoalexins (Musanolone E, Musanolone F) were shown good binding affinities against coat protein of four banana viruses, which indicates the antiviral potentiality of phytochemicals and antiviral agentsThesisItem Embargo EVALUATION OF HIGH PROTEIN RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES OF RICE Oryza sativa L.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) LAKSHMEESHA R; HARINIKUMAR, K. M.Protein malnutrition had direct impact on the human growth and development. Breeding for high protein content and high yielding ability is always a challenging task. In the present study, 1,256 recombinant inbred lines derived by crossing Samba Mahsuri and HPR 14 were evaluated for various agronomic traits and total grain protein content. Wide range of variability was observed for many phenotypic traits recorded during summer and kharif seasons. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated the presence of significant positive association between yield and other agronomic traits, which could be indirectly used for improving yield. Based on phenotypic evaluation, 200 RILs were selected for protein estimation and validation of SSR markers linked to seed protein content. The protein content among these selected RILs ranged from 14.99 mg/g to 28.11 mg/g. Utilization of markers linked to QTLs/genes controlling protein content helps in selection of high protein alleles in the genotypes. Among four SSR markers, RM520, RM555 and RM 205 significantly associated with protein content with 10, 9.49 and 7 per cent of phenotypic variation, respectively. By looking into the phenotypic performance and protein content, seven lines (>20.646 mg/g) viz., BH-RIL-00317, BH-RIL-00339, BH-RIL-01101, BH-RIL-00334, BHRIL 01107, BH-RIL-00421 and BH-RIL-00465, lines were shortlisted for multi-location testing to assess their yielding ability and could be released as variety for commercial cultivationThesisItem Embargo TRANSFORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIFUNGAL GENES AGAINST TURCICUM LEAF BLIGHT DISEASE IN MAIZE (Zea mays) AND TOBACCO(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) MAHADESH T L; NAGESHA, N.Maize (Zea mays L.) is a vital food crop of world importance is markedly affected by disease leaf blight generally called as turcicum leaf blight of maize caused by fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum. The existing available management practices including chemicals are having major limitation, hence transgenic approach is one of the alternative approaches in providing resistance against turcicum leaf blight of maize. The present investigation aims at transformation of antifungal genes into maize and tobacco using different methods of transformation which will be useful in providing resistance against turcicum leaf blight infection. The plasmid from transformed pB4NU vector + RACK1 gene and pB4NU vector + Glucanase gene were amplified using gene specific primers. The amplification of genes was confirmed by PCR using gene specific primers with amplification of 1005 bp (RACK1) and 1051bp (Glucanase). The transformation was carried out using in-planta mediated transformation in maize and agroinfiltration in tobacco respectively. The transformed maize and tobacco plants was confirmed by using gene specific primers and expression of the antifungal proteins was confirmed by SDSPAGE analysis. The characterization of expressed antifungal proteins including bioassay was done using transformed tobacco plants. Bioassay of antifungal proteins was carried out using poison food technique under invitro against turcicum leaf blight fungus using antifungal proteins from agroinfiltrated tobacco plantsThesisItem Embargo IN- VITRO REGENERATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin Benth.), WITH A REPORTER GENE AND ITS IN-VIVO PROPAGATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-27) SADIQ PASHA; Anitha PeterPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin. Benth.) is one of the important aromatic plants mainly cultivated for its essential oil. The oil blends well with essential oils and imparts strength, character and alluring notes. The oil is used in the manufacture of perfumery chemicals, food flavours and flavouring of other consumer products. With the growing demand for its oil an attempt for an effective and reproducible in vitro regeneration protocol for patchouli, its transformation with reporter genes and effect of growth regulators on in-vivo propagation is performed to determine the influence of different growth regulators on rooting of patchouli cuttings for quick and successful multiplication. Patchouli successfully regenerated in SIM (MS media with 2.0mg/ L of BAP and 0.1 mg/L of NAA) and RIM of 0.5 mg/ L IAA, for all parameters recorded and was used as the media for its transformation. The plant was transformed with GUS and GFP genes and are confirmed with histochemical and PCR assays. Among the growth regulators, combination of IBA and NAA (3000 ppm) recorded highest percentage of rooting (83.75 %), more number of sprouts (22.05), early sprouting (15.88 days) and root initiation (10.50 days), maximum root length (15.25 cm), and highest survival percentage (91.50 %) and was on par with IBA at 3000 ppm. IBA at 5000 ppm recorded highest length of sprouts (18.63 cm) on par with NAA at 3000 ppm (18.60 cm). Combination of IBA and NAA each at 3000 ppm is found to be the best treatment for propagation of patchouli.ThesisItem Embargo IN SILICO MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND 3D MODELLING OF SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN OF SARS-COV2(COVID19) TO EVALUATE THE TARGET REGION FOR PLANT BASED VACCINES(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) RACHANA D; Nagesha, S.N.SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was reported for the first time at the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan (China) and has spread worldwide in three years. It has lead to the infection of more than 500 million people and about six million death. SARS-CoV-2 has proved to be very dangerous for human health. The spike protein is a prime target of neutralizing antibodies as it plays critical roles in host cell recognition, fusion, and virus entry and it is composed of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) which is involved in the interactions with human angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and causes infection leading to the COVID-19 disease. Here, in order to find the target region for developing vaccines we have performed multiple sequence alignment of 157 amino acid sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein using BioEdit software and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences were carried out using MEGA-X. Further, multiple sequence alignment of different variants of SARS-CoV2 with reference to the first human SARS-CoV2 virus from Wuhan, China was performed followed by the phylogenetic analysis. In this study it was seen that RBD region(319-541residues) in S1 subunit of Spike protein was conserved having mutation at the 7 positions with sequence identity of 96.30% and this clearly suggests that the S1 subunit (RBD 319-541) can be used as a target region for stable and safe vaccine development.ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF GENOMIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS USING WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCES, VALIDATION AND MICRONUTRIENTS VARIATION IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-04-14) POORNIMA, R.; SHYAMALAMMA, S.The genomic microsatellite markers were developed using whole genome sequence (WGS) of two cultivars viz. cv.1 (IT97K-499-35) and cv.2 (Xiabao 2). The chromosomes were 11 in both the cultivars and ‘AT’ repeats were recorded abundantly followed by ‘TA’. Total SSRs detected in cv. Xiabao 2 using GMATA programme were 2, 70,425 with a relative abundance of 452.57 SSR per MB and in cv. IT97K-499-35 the total SSR detected were of 2,41,001 with a relative abundance of 509.02 SSR per MB. Total SSR loci with designed primer pair were 81,420 in cv. Xiabao 2 and 87,326 in cv. IT97K-499-35. For e- Mapping, total markers mapped to input sequences 66,233 in cv. Xiabao 2 and 73,348 in cv. IT97K-499-35. Total amplicons PCRed from mapped markers 1,99,298 in cv. Xiabao 2 and 1,99,842 in cv. IT97K-499-35. Twenty primer pairs were synthesized for in-vivo validation of cowpea, of which seven primer pairs were amplified across 50 different cowpea genotypes. The gene diversity ranged from 0.00-0.49, with average of 0.27. The PIC ranged from 0.18 to 0.91, with an average of 0.51. All the indigenous accessions were clustered in one cluster as per the molecular diversity analysis, whereas the exotic accessions were divided into two clusters. To assess the genetic diversity of 50 cowpea genotypes, the mean, range, and genotypic coefficient of variance were utilized. A significant genotypic difference between genotypes was discovered for each of the 17 yield and yield contributing traits. The traits with the highest estimates of GCV included copper weight (96.63%) and manganese (98.37%). The genotypic association between seed production and haulm yield per plant showed the strongest positive significant correlation (r = 0.784), followed by biomass production (r = 0.741), NDVI at 60DAS (r = 0.467), plant height (r = 0.456), and number of seeds per pod (r=0.385).ThesisItem Embargo CLONING OF 2-PHENYLETHANOL SYNTHESIZING GENE CYP79D73 FROM PLUMERIA RUBRA AND IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF ITS ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-02-24) SAHANA, T.; NAGESHA, N.Two-phenylethanol(2PE) is an organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2) attached to OH. This metabolite is ubiquitously found in plants, but its highest expression has been noted in Frangipani (Plumeria rubra). This compound has antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfectant property and is also known for its aromatic essence, hence used as a preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery. Frangipani is well known for its brightly coloured and fragrant flowers and emits several floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This species has a flower-specific gene encoding a cytochrome P450 family 79D protein (PrCYP79D73), which is a crucial player in the biosynthesis of the major floral VOC- 2PE and other nitrogen-containing volatiles. In the present study, an attempt was made for isolation and cloning of 2PE encoding gene. The genomic DNA from frangipani was extracted and used for the amplification of 2PE encoding gene. An amplification product of ~1578 bp was obtained. An attempt was also made on analysing antiviral and antifungal properties of 2PE through molecular docking. The 2PE has showed affinity towards antiviral proteins such as Covid-19 protease, Hepatitis-B protein and HIV protease protein and affinity towards fungal proteins such as Aspergillus niger endoglucanase, Candida albicans myristoyl transferase and Rho1 protein of Penicillium chrysogenum indicating its potential application in making drugs. GC-MS analysis of aromatic compounds in Plumeria rubra in comparison with rose, champaca and Plumeria alba depicted compounds which are benzene derivatives and most of which are aromatic compounds and are widely used in perfumery industry, cosmetics preparation and pharmaceutical industry
