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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access NDIRECT REGENERATION OF Japonica RICE (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica) VARIETIES AZUCENA AND MOROBEREKAN THROUGH ANTHER CULTURE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2015-12-01) AVINASH SHARMA; Ashok, T. H.Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops of Southeast Asia, which feeds half of the world population. Anther culture is an efficient and convenient technique for rapid production of doubled haploids which are useful in crop breeding programs. Present study involved evaluation of two japonica rice varieties Azucena and Moroberekan cultured on 17 callus induction treatments on N6 medium and 19 regeneration treatments on MS medium. Highest callus induction frequency was observed in Azucena in treatment T4 (2, 4-D 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 1 mg L-1 ) (49.99 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T11 (2, 4-D 1 mg L-1 + NAA 2 mg L-1 + Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 ) (48.64 %). Highest shoot regeneration frequency was recorded in Azucena in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (83.33 %) followed by Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %). Plantlet regeneration did not occur in Azucena. Highest plantlet regeneration frequency was recorded in Moroberekan in treatment T16 (Kinetin 2 mg L-1 + BAP 1 mg L -1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (80.0 %) followed by in treatment T10 (Kinetin 0.5 mg L-1 + BAP 2 mg L-1 + NAA 1 mg L-1 ) (55.55 %). These results suggest that growth regulators and their concentration, along with genotype have significant effect on callus induction and regeneration from anthers in rice.ThesisItem Open Access BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE SELECTED FRUIT WASTES FOR THEIR NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES BANGALORE, 2016-03-23) MUKUL, M; CHANDRU, RFruit wastes (Pineapple, Jackfruit, Banana and Watermelon wastes) were collected from shops/roadside vendors in the city of Bengaluru and their nutritional composition, mineral content, dietary fiber and its properties were determined. Fruit wastes could be used as potential feedstuff for growing fishes; thereby this part of biodegradable municipal waste could be managed as alternative feedstuff in fish and other animal diets, reducing the amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills. Fish feeds were formulated with 50% Groundnut oil cake (GOC), 25% Rice Bran (RB) and different incorporation levels of fruit peels not exceeding 25% to get isocalorific value of 317.15 kcal per lOOg. To each of 50 grams of GOC and 25 grams of RB (Basal feed) the incorporation levels of test ingredients was calculated based on estimated energy levels and incorporated accordingly to obtain iso-calorific values. The composition was made 100% by incorporating Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) as inert filler. The fishes were fed for six days a week, twice daily and feeding was suspended on all Srmdays, during general holidays and on days when the weather conditions were unfavourable due to rain/continuous cloudiness. Sampling of fishes were conducted once in every ten days, which even checked the water quality along with the survival, growth and development of fishes. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the growth of fishes; in the pineapple peel followed by jackfruit rind and banana peel fortified feeds excluding control feed.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING FOR ANTI-DIABETIC COMPOUND COROSOLIC ACID AND ANALYSIS OF BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-11-20) SOWMYA, M.; Dayal Doss, D.Present investigation of screening for anti-diabetic compound corosolic acid and analysis of biochemical constituents were carried out in selected medicinal plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa (Banaba), Psidium guajava (Guava), Costus igneus, Costus pictus (Spotted ginger, Insulin plant), Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), Catharantus roseus (Periwinkle), Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender), Mentha piperita (Peppermint) and Ocimum basilicum (Sweet basil). Corosolic acid also referred as “Glucosol” reported to have active reduction in blood glucose level. Corosolic acid is reported to have a vital role as anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent. Selected medicinal plants were screened for potential antidiabetic drug corosolic acid by HPLC technique. In the present study methanolic leaf extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis (338.6 mg/100 g dw) shown to have higher amount of corosolic acid as compare to other selected medicinal plants. Biochemical constituents viz., total protein, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and antioxidants were analyzed. Rosmarinus officinalis shown to have higher amount of flavonoids (2413.63 mg/ 100g fw) and antioxidants (837.1 mg/100g fw). Catharantus roseus reports higher amount of total proteins (3.24 g/100 g fw) whereas Ocimum basilicum recorded highest phenols (2485.36 mg/100 g fw). The leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa found to have higher tannin content (3927 μg/100 g fw). In the present investigation corosolic acid was screened using HPLC, for the first time HPLC reports the presence of corosolic acid in leaf samples of Rosmarinus officinalis. The leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis can be good source of anti-diabetic compound ‘corosolic acid’ and antioxidants.ThesisItem Open Access DOCUMENTATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF WILD MUSHROOMS FROM WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-04) PRABHU, K. N.; Ramanjini Gowda, P. H.Western Ghats of Karnataka is one of the world’s biodiversity hot spot and has four major forest types, 23 floristic types and unique high altitude grasslands. The cool and humid climate make it ideal habitat for different kinds of mushrooms. In the present study, ethno-mycological survey was made in and around Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan and Shivamogga districts of Karnataka for mushroom flora during June to October (2014-2016) with the help of local peoples and Adivasi tribes. Totally fifty mushrooms collected during the above period and identified. Out of fifty mushrooms, ten mushrooms were identified by morphological characters and forty mushrooms were identified by using Internal Transcribed Sequence (ITS) homology available in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) USA. The sequence alignment was made with NCBI data base revealed 85-100 % homology. The mushrooms viz., Schizophyllum commune, Tremella fuciformis, Lentinus sajor-caju (WGM-35), Lentinus sajor-caju (WGM-36), Lentinus polychrous, Lentinus strigosus, Termitomyces eurrhizus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pluteus petasatus and Polyporus tenuiculus were cultured using stipe tissue on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and the Lentinus sajor-caju was cultivated on paddy straw and sawdust as substrate as it exhibited good mycelial growth. The highest bio-efficiency (65.25 %) was recorded in 50 % each Paddy straw and sawdust mixed substrate. The least bio-efficiency (38 %) was recorded in paddy straw substrate alone. The protein, fat and fiber content were in the range of 22.33-34.46 %, 1.8-4.0 % and 5-12 % respectively. Minerals viz., Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and P were in the order of 48.45-143.96 μg/g, 14.78-59.49 μg/g, 8.44-33.32 μg/g, 0.58-3.4 μg/g and 107.33-505.66 μg/g respectively.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TRADITIONAL RICE VARIETIES FOR BLAST RESISTANCE AND MARKER ASSISTED INTROGRESSION OF BLAST RESISTANCE GENES INTO IR-64(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-09-01) MANOJ KUMAR, H. B.; Harini Kumar, K.M.Rice is the most valuable and primary food crop for more than 50 per cent of the world’s population (Khush, 2005; Latif et al, 2011a). The rice consumption is increasing and demand for rice is also moving up due to better living standards. Various studies have suggested that, to meet the increasing demand for rice, production has to be increased by more than 40 percent by 2030 (Khush, 2005). This challenge could be met by development of high yielding rice varieties with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Selvaraj et al., 2011). In the year 2015-16, rice is cultivated in an area of 160.6 million hectares and 400 lakh hectares with the production of 745.5 million tonnes (494.3 million tonnes in milled basis) and 155.5 million tonnes (105.4 million tonnes in milled basis) in world and India, respectively (Rice Statistics - Economic Survey 20th April 2017).ThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF THE TOMATO FOR BACTERIAL WILT AND EXTENDED SHELF-LIFE(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-24) SUJEET, KUMAR; RAMANJINI GOWDA, P.H.Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown in India and throughout the world. Stable genotype for fruit quality and yield parameter is first and foremost prerequisite for commercialization. Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one among serious bacterial diseases that affects tomato production up to 90 %. Hence the present investigation was aimed to identify the stable genotypes in terms of fruit quality and yield aspects and further to improve for bacterial wilt resistance with the help of DNA Markers. Thirty recombinant inbred lines along with three checks were evaluated in all the three environments, with respect to total yield per plant and fruit shelf life. The genotypes code-33, 26 and 24 were identified as stable genotypes. In another experimental trial, fifty-seven genotypes including stable RILs were evaluated for bacterial wilt. Two hundred tomato hybrids were developed in different combinations and tested against Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) along with parents and two commercial checks. Out of two hundred hybrids, highly resistant reaction was observed in twenty-seven hybrids, moderately resistant reaction recorded in one hundred and thirty-four hybrids and susceptible reaction recorded in forty-one hybrids. Two hybrids RIL-169 × EC802390 and IC 39457 × EC 802390 were selected and one hundred and sixty-five lines of each cross RIL 169 × EC802390 and IC39457 × EC802390 were evaluated for bacterial wilt incidence. The cross between RIL 169 × EC802390, Thirtysix progenies have shown resistance reaction, eighty-two progenies were moderately resistant and forty-seven progenies were found to be susceptible to bacterial wilt. In another cross, IC39457 × EC802390, forty progenies were resistant, seventy-eight progenies were moderately resistant and forty-seven progenies were found to be susceptible. Out of fifty-one DNA Markers; one SCAR marker SCU176-534 linked with bacterial wilt resistance could identify the plants with bacterial wilt resistance loci in both the F2 populations.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF F1- HYBRIDS OF TOMATO WITH HIGH SHELF LIFE USING SSR MARKERS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-21) SHIPIKA; Ramanjini Gowda, P. H.Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown throughout the world because of its nutritional value and suitability for variety of uses in fresh and processed food industries. But tomato is susceptible to rapid post harvest softening and poor shelf life leading to post harvest losses. Genetic approach is the cheapest and less labour intensive for enhancing the shelf life. With objective of developing tomato hybrids of high shelf life using a germ plasm line L121 and commercial varieties Vaibhav, Sankranti, Arka alok and Pusa ruby were crossed with selected RILs. The hybrids were grown in field with commercial hybrids INDAM1004, NS2535 and an IIHR variety Arka alok, and evaluated for growth, yield, shelf life and fruit characters. The majority of the hybrids recorded highest plant height and branches than their parents. For yield characters Pusa ruby X RIL169 showed highest number of fruits per plant (54.67), maximum single fruit weight was observed in RIL130 X Vaibhav (113.33g), Pusa ruby X RIL171 yielded maximum 2519.67g fruits per plant. The lycopene content was highest in Sankranti X RIL34 (2.84 mg/100g). Maximum shelf life of 50 days was observed in Pusa ruby X RIL169. Heterosis was positive in most of the hybrids for plant height, yield, number of branches and TSS. However, heterosis was in negative direction for the characters rind thickness, single fruit weight, and fruit firmness. Polymorphic SSR markers were used for confirming hybridity except the hybrid involving L121 as one of the parent.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS USING SSR MARKERS IN JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) GENOTYPES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-08) KAVYA, K.; Shyamalamma, S.Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is an important dryland horticultural tree, grows well with minimum care and maintenance. Jackfruit exhibits huge diversity with respect to fruit size, shape, pulp colour, etc. Thus, the study aimed at identifying the genetic diversity present in jackfruit genotypes for pulp colour was undertaken. Among the 20 genotypes studied, the fruit weight was higher in NSP (23.2kg), TN Bigtree (19.45 kg) and NEL (12.50kg); pulp weight per kg fruit was higher in Ashoka Yellow (720.50g), VRT-11 (719.50g), MK (676.00g) and Byrachandra (669.50g). Less number of bulbs per kg fruit was found in Lalbagh Madhura (8.5), KT-17 (9), NKT-3 (9.5) and Ashoka Red (10); bigger sized bulbs were observed in Lalbagh Madhura (67 g) and KT-17 (52.93g). Overall, the best genotypes identified from the study were Swarna, Lalbagh Madhura, Byrachandra, NSP, Ashoka Yellow and NEL and can be used for commercial purpose. Molecular diversity analysis was carried out using 22 SSR primers, among them six primers (SSR 9, SSR 10, SSR 30, SSR 34, SSR 45 and SSR 48) showed polymorphism among twenty genotypes. There was no polymorphic primer found for a distinct pulp colour. The genotypes were grouped in three clusters, with cream and yellow colour pulp in cluster I and II, followed by yellow, orange and red in cluster III.ThesisItem Open Access CONCORDANCE OF POLLEN AND PLANT RESPONSE TO MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE IN MAIZE: BIOCHEMICAL VERIFICATION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2017-08-05) CHANDRAKALA, N.; Ravikumar, R. L.Maize is an important highly productive cereal crop, but susceptible to drought particularly during reproductive stage. In the present study, the pollen grains of susceptible (BTM1 and BTM18) and resistant (BTM2 and BTM10) inbred lines were subjected to osmotic stress (50 per cent PEG) under in vitro conditions. The size of the pollen grains were reduced in all the inbred lines when exposed to osmotic stress. However, the reduction was highest in BTM1 and least in BTM2. The pollen grains regained their size when the stress medium was supplemented with the CaCl2. The recovery was higher in BTM2 and lower in BTM1. The in vitro stressed pollen grains were used for pollination of field grown plants but, they failed to produce seeds. In vivo pollen selection by painting the stigma with PEG before pollination produced seeds. The pollen biochemical response to stress was studied and increased activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase was observed in stressed pollen grains and plants. The increased activity was more in resistant pollen grains and plants compared to the susceptible inbred line. No differences were found for isozyme banding pattern of resistant and susceptible pollen grains and plants. Sixteen polymorphic SSR primers were used to study genetic similarity of four inbred lines. In the dendrogram, the tolerant inbred lines (BTM2 and BTM10) were clustered together.