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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo DEVELOPMENT OF MYMV RESISTANCE IN GREENGRAM [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] USING BULK SEGREGANT ANALYSIS(2023-01-20) POOJITHA; K. M. HARINIKUMARGreengram (Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek) is an important pulse crop owing to its short growth duration, low water requirement, and its suitability for crop rotation and nutritional security being a rich source of protein. Greengram’s yield is greatly affected by numerous abiotic and biotic factors. Biotic stress produced by viruses especially Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is the main constraint in mungbean production causing substantial yield reduction up to 85 per cent. In present study, 96 F2 genotypes from the cross between GG-ABL-449 x GG-ABL-265 were subjected to natural screening to assess their resistance or susceptibility against MYMV. F2 mapping population segregated in 70 susceptible: 26 resistant genotypes i.e., 3:1 ratio showing that resistance to MYMV is governed by monogenic recessive gene. Among 96 genotypes, seven were resistant, nineteen were moderately resistant, forty-one were moderately susceptible, twenty-two were susceptible and seven were highly susceptible. All the 96 genotypes were phenotypically evaluated for seven quantitative traits under field conditions. The GCV and PCV were found higher for important yield contributing traits and seed yield is positively correlated with major yield contributing traits. The parental polymorphism study showed two markers, CYR1 and VMYR1 polymorphic out of four Resistance Gene Analogue (RGA) primers linked to MYMV resistance which showed segregation in Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA). The markers CYR1 and VMYR1 showed differences between bulks and parents with a fragment size of 445 bp and 1236 bp respectively in resistant bulks indicating that these markers are tightly linked to the MYMV resistance gene.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR AND INSECTICIDAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL CRY TOXINS FROM Bacillus thuringiensis (BERLINER) AGAINST THE FALL ARMY WORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) AND BRINJAL ASH WEEVIL (Myllocerus subfasciatus)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-12-31) ANUSHA, D; NAGESHA, S NTwelve Bt strains were isolated from root nodules using six approaches, viz.,analysis of crystal protein production by microscopy; detection of cry gene content by PCR, Plasmid profiling, SDS-PAGE profiling; cloning and sequencing, phylogenetic analysis; and toxicity testing. Under a light microscope, all 12 Bt strains examined were gram-positive, endospore-forming, and had normal Bt crystal structures. A bipyramidal inclusion was predominant in 42.2 %. Five distinct plasmids were observed in the present study. Universal primers and gene specific primers were used to detect Cry-type genes by the PCR. The nucleotide sequences of amplified new cry genes were BLASTed against NCBI database sequences, and they were labeled as native Bt strains with high homology (60–100%) to existing Bt strains. The nucleotide sequences of new Bt cry genes were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database. Three new cry1, cry3A and cry26 complete crygenes were isolated. Cry genes were cloned and expressed in the pRSET vector. The inferred 3-D structural model of the novel cry gene, which was predicted using Phyre2 homology modeling, demonstrates that the gene has three domains that participate in the development of a pore and define the receptor's binding selectivity. The new Bt strains were highly pathogenic, with pathogenicity ranging from 93 to 100 percent against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and Myllocerus subfasciatus adults. In conclusion, native Bt strains from root nodules were shown to have bio-insecticidal activity on larvae of S. frugiperda and adults of M. subfasciatusThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROBIAL INOCULANTS ON EARLY BLIGHT OF TOMATO AND DOWNY MILDEW OF CUCUMBER(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2021-06-30) POOJA, R; RAVISHANKAR, K. V.Biocontrol agents in management of plant diseases are gaining huge importance due to their advantage over chemical control methods. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential antagonistic agents against Alternaria solani (which causes the early blight of tomato) and to understand the interaction between host, pathogen and biocontrol agent. Among the different isolates studied in dual culture assay JL5 (Trichoderma longibrachiatum), GJ16B (Trichoderma harzianum), UGF (Bacillus subtilis), LA (Trichoderma pleuroticum) showed significant inhibition of A. solani. GCMS analysis revealed the presence of different classes of VOCs (Volatile organic compounds) i.e. terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, hydrocarbons and also the induction of some VOCs in the mixed culture which are absent in pure culture of pathogen and Trichoderma sp. In in-vivo assay JL5, GJ16B and LA treated plants showed reduced symptoms of early blight compare to the control. The activity of defense related enzyme i.e peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) found to be higher in JL5, GJ16B and UGF treated plants after inoculation of pathogen. The total phenol and flavonoid content of the plant showed increasing trend after challenging with pathogen being highest in all treated plants. Expression of defense related genes i.e. POX, PR2, PR1 increased in some treatments like JL5, UGF followed by pathogen inoculation indicating the role of the biocontrol agents in inducing the host defense response upon pathogen infection. Bioagents JL5, GJ16B and AMC were evaluated here did not show any effect on controlling downy mildew of cucumber under field conditionThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF NEW INBRED LINES OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) FOR TOLERANCE TO HEAT AND MOISTURE STRESS AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHIC MARKERS BETWEEN CONTRASTING INBRED LINES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2019-08-03) BUKKE KUTTI BAI; Ravikumar, R. L.Twenty one new inbred lines of maize derived through different cycles of pollen selection for heat stress tolerance were evaluated along with nine other inbred lines for seed yield and yield per se traits under field conditions during kharif 2018. Significant differences among inbred lines were observed among inbred lines for 14 quantitative traits except number of cobs per plant, cob diameter and number of kernels per row. High PCV and GCV were observed for plant height at 45 DAS, Anthesis Silking interval (ASI), number of kernels per row and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high GAM was observed for plant height at harvest and seed yield per plant. Significant variability was observed among inbred lines for seedling heat and moisture stress tolerance in the laboratory testing. The inbred lines TPGB09 and TPGB03 were identified as heat stress tolerant while the inbred lines CPGB32 and TPGB12 were considered as moisture stress tolerant at seedling stage. Inbred lines developed through three cycles of pollen selection were more tolerant to heat stress at seedling stage compared to those developed through two and one cycle of pollen selection. Seven polymorphic SSRs markers each were identified between heats stress tolerant (BTM 2) and heat sensitive (CPGB30) and moisture stress tolerant (CPGB32) and moisture stress sensitive (BTM10) inbred lines. Expression of selected abiotic stress related genes viz., Hva22, Hsp, Sus1 and Sh1 was more in heat stress tolerant inbred line compared to heat stress sensitive inbred line under heat stress.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC DIVERSITY ESTIMATION FOR POD AND SEED QUALITY TRAITS IN BUSH TYPE FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ACCESSIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2019-09-03) ASHWINI, D.; Shyamalamma, SFrench bean is an important grain legume grown for its green pods and dry seeds. The present study on diversity estimation for pod and seed quality characters was carried out on thirty French bean accessions along with check varieties based on morphological characters and SSR markers. The accessions IC329154, EC500474, EC559576 and EC283179 showed higher number of fresh pods per plant and total fresh pod weight. The accessions EC500474, EC530843, EC512801 and IC311676 showed higher number of dry pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed length. Majority of the accessions showed slightly curved pods with pear shaped pod cross section and all the accessions possessed string. In majority of the accessions seed shape observed was truncate fastigiated and exhibited varying seed coat pattern. The dominant pod colour was yellow green and dominant seed coat colour was orange white. The SSR markers, BM175 and BM164 exhibited higher polymorphism among the accessions and varieties. The PIC value ranged from 0.19-0.36. Dendrogram constructed to assess the genetic diversity among French bean accessions and varieties using SSR marker data grouped accessions into two major clusters. The accessions mentioned above can be used in the breeding programme, for pod and seed quality traits.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF T3 GENERATION TRANSGENIC TOBACCO WITH HEPATITIS B GENE FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2010-07-21) SANGH, CHANDRAMOHAN.; RAMANJINI GOWDA, P. H.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. The current HBV vaccine is a biotechnology product that falls in the category of subunit vaccines and is made from yeast cells grown by fermentation. In recent years, a novel production system of vaccines-edible vaccines has been developed. Edible vaccines can serve multiple immunization priorities and offer advantages, including simplicity of use, lesser expense, enhanced immune responses at mucosal sites, and stimulation of humoral immunity. The plant-based production of vaccines provides new opportunities to develop oral vaccines for hepatitis B. Different host systems were employed to produce hepatitis B. In addition, a plant based HBsAg expression system makes possible the testing of an oral immunization strategy by simply feeding the plant samples. The present investigation lays emphasis on study of stability of the recombinant protein expressed in tobacco plants. Restriction digestion analysis of the gene construct pHB118 with restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI yielded two separate bands of 9.7kb and 3.6kb size. The presences of HBsAg gene in T3 transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis. The transgenic tobacco plants showed the presence of 900 bp band in the PCR analysis. The crude protein obtained from the transformed tobacco plants were tested by SDS-PAGE for the presence of 24 kDa protein, and ELISA confirmed the antigen specificity and immunogenic nature of the Hepatitis B surface antigen. The T3 generation seeds obtained from the transgenic tobacco plants were tested for the germination in presence of kanamycin. It was observed that the segregation ratio was 3:1 indicating Mendelian inheritance. The growth parameters of T3 generation transgenic and control tobacco plants showed slight variations in growth between transgenic and control plants.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND AFLP MARKER BASED GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SWEET SORGHUM WORKING GERMPLASM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-10) RAJAPPA, P. V.; HARINIKUMAR, K. M.Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a type of cultivated sorghum and has been recognized widely as potential alternative source of bio-fuel because of its high fermentable sugar content in the stalk. The objectives of the study were to assess the morphological diversity and DNA marker based genetic diversity among the 30 sweet sorghum Genotypes using AFLP markers. Considerable diversity was observed for all the twelve morphological characters studied. The most important character contributing to the divergence was grain yield per plant followed by Ethanol yield; All the PCV values were higher than GCV values for each character. The highest PCV and GCV values were recorded by, cane height, number of internodes, millable stalk yield, juice yield, brix reading, ethanol yield, moderate PCV and GCV were recorded in stem girth, total sugars, reducing sugars and yield per plant and Low PCV and GCV were recorded in days to 50 % flowering. Using D2 analysis of Mahalanodis (1936), thirty genotypes were grouped into ten clusters. Among the clusters, cluster II was the largest with six genotypes followed by cluster IV and VII with five genotypes respectively. The molecular study was carried out on genetic diversity in 30 selected sweet sorghum genotypes was studied using AFLP markers. The DNA fingerprints were generated by using four EcoRI and MseI adapter specific primer combinations. The pooled binary data from four primer combinations of 30 varieties was used to develop a distance matrix to display pair-wise genetic distance between the genotypes. The dendrogram drawn for these 30 varieties gave grouping of various varieties. The major cluster in the dendrogram is sub divided into four sub clusters, the genetic distance values ranged from 2 to 37, the highest genetic distance of 37 was observed between ICSV25263 and ICSB 731. Finally, the least genetic distance of 2 was observed between ICSV111 and SSV84.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS INFECTING Bombyx mori L. (BmNPV) AND PREVENTION OF ITS MULTIPLICATION BY USING HERBAL EXTRACTS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2006-06-06) CHANDRAMOHAN, J.; Anitha, Peter.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus thuringiensis AND DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC FIELD BEAN (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) AGAINST POD BORER.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2007-09-19) SMITHA, GABRIEL.; GOWDA, T. K. S.Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a variety of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) upon sporulation. These proteins, called δ-endotoxins, are highly toxic to lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran insects. Different ICP genes of Bt have been successfully engineered into many crop-plants to obtain resistance against lepidopteran insects. The field bean (Lablab purpureus L.) grown largely in dry land conditions, is an important pulse crop that suffers from heavy pest damage. The pod borers, Helicoverpa armigera and Adisura atkisoni are two important pests that cause enormous loss. The present investigation lays emphasis on isolation, molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains and development of transgenic field bean (Lablab purpureus L.) with Cry 1F gene against pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera). The soil samples used for isolation of Bt were collected from different parts of south India. Thirty nine Bt isolates were obtained form the fifty soil samples. All these isolates were found to be gram positive, endospore forming and crystalliferous. PCR amplification of the isolates using different primers showed that twenty four isolates were lepidopteran-specific, ten specific to coleopteran and four active against nematode. The analysis of crystal proteins of these isolates by SDS-PAGE revealed that majority of the isolates had proteins of size 120 kDa and above. Twenty four of the isolates which proved to be lepidopteran-specific were observed to be lethal to silkworm. Attempts were made to standardize an efficient regeneration protocol for field bean. Five varieties were used for the study among which selection 321 was found to perform better. Transformation of field bean was carried out using Cry 1 F gene by Agrobacterium-mediated method. Confirmation of transgene in putatively transformed plants was done by PCR analysis using Cry 1F gene specific primer. Five out of twenty five transformed plants were found to be transgenics.
