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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Affections in Dogs
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-31) H B, Vinay; Katoch, Ajay
    The present investigation was aimed to study the Diagnosis and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Affections in dogs. A total of 2276 dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. G C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur were screened for lower urinary tract affections. On the basis of history and clinical signs, haematological examination, biochemical analysis, urine examination, radiographic, ultrasonographic and endoluminal imaging studies, 86 cases suffering from lower urinary tract affections were included in the present study representing an incidence of 3.78%. Amongst 86 dogs, 42 dogs were affected with cystitis, 20 dogs with urolithiasis, 6 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 18 dogs with prostate affections. Incidence of lower urinary tract affections was highest in age group >8 years (34.88%). The incidence of cystitis was highest in the age group >8 years (28.57%), urolithiasis was highest in the age group >8 years (30%), whereas transitional cell carcinoma incidence was highest in 2 months - 2 year and >8 years age group (33.33%) each and prostate affections incidence was highest in the age group >8 years (55.56%). Labrador Retriever, Mongrel, Pug and German Shepherd were the most common affected dog breeds. Haematuria, dribbling of urine and pollakiuria were the most common clinical signs associated with cystitis and urolithiasis, whereas haematuria, dysuria and pollakiuria were commonly observed in dogs suffering from transitional cell carcinoma. Pollakiuria, stranguria, dysuria and rectal tenesmus/tapered stools were the common clinical signs associated with prostate affections. Leucocytosis was observed in all the groups whereas thrombocytopenia was observed in urolithiasis and prostate affections. BUN and Creatinine were significantly increased in urolithiasis with no significant change in cystitis, whereas BUN value was increased significantly in TCC and Prostate affected dogs. The phosphorus value was significantly increased in cystitis, calcium and phosphorus were increased in urolithiasis affected dogs, whereas phosphorus value was increased in prostate affections. Upon urinalysis, the urine pH and urine specific gravity were increased in cystitis, urolithiasis and prostate affections, whereas urine specific gravity was increased in TCC. Radiographically, out of 20 uroliths, multiple cystoliths were detected in 15 cases and in 5 cases stones were present in the urethra whereas in prostate affections, distended urinary bladder along with enlarged prostate was evident in 2 cases and enlarged prostate alone was evident in 11 cases. Ultrasonographically, in cystitis, distended bladder was reported in 35 cases, where the mean urinary bladder wall thickness was 4.47 ± 0.28 mm. In urolithiasis, there was thickened urinary bladder with hyperechoic foci which casted clear one or multiple acoustic shadows, whereas TCC was evident as urinary bladder thickening with lobular mass protruding into the lumen of the bladder. In prostate affections, ultrasound detected 18 cases with prostate affections, out of which 6 cases were prostatic cysts, 7 cases had enlarged prostate, 4 cases had prostate abscess and one case was prostatic neoplasia. In 4 cases, urethroscopy diagnosed stones located in the lumen of the urethra. Venous acid base status of renal failure dogs concurrent with lower urinary tract affections revealed significantly decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3) which were indicative of metabolic acidosis. The ratio of uALP: uCreatinine and uGGT: uCreatinine were 0.05 ± 0.091 and 0.24 ± 0.088. On antibiogram, the bacterial isolates were most sensitive to Meropenem (70%, 28/40), followed by Marbofloxacin (60%, 24/40), Nitrofurantoin (50%, 20/40), Enrofloxacin (47.5%, 19/40), whereas Metronidazole (67.5%) and Oxytetracycline (55%) showed maximum resistance. The survivability rate was 83.33% (35/42) in cystitis, 85% (17/20) in urolithiasis, 33.33% (2/6) in transitional cell carcinoma and 77.77% (14/18) in prostate affections. The overall survivability rate was 79.07% (68/86).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Investigations on gastrointestinal parasitism in migratory sheep and goat of Himachal Pradesh
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-14) Singh, Jagvir; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The present investigation was carried out to study the incidence of gastrointestinal parasitism in migratory sheep and goats. The study was conducted in 3 migratory flocks. The incidence of gastrointestinal parasitism along with haematobiochemical alteration at different altitudes was studied. A total of 220 faecal samples of goats and 200 faecal samples of sheep were collected. The overall incidence of GI parasitism was 94.09 percent in goats and 86.5 percent in sheep. The mean EPG was 1357±125.30 in goats and 1523.25 ± 98.50 in sheep indicating severe parasitism. In flock 1 Strongyle was the major GIT parasite in both sheep and goats at high altitudes. At mid-hill altitude, mixed infection was more prevalent in goats and strongyle was the major GIT parasite in sheep. At low altitudes, Strongyle was the major parasite in both sheep and goats. Mean EPG at high, mid and low hill altitudes was 758.82±60.34,1190±110.30,1762.42±140.38 in sheep and 1036±80.24, 1653.33±140.36 and 1300±110.20 in goats respectively. Haematologically values of TEC, PCV, Hb and MCV were high at high hill altitude than mid and low hills altitude both in sheep and goats. Biochemically calcium and phosphorus were high at low hill altitude than at high and mid hills altitude both in sheep and goats. The concentration of Iron and glucose were high at high hill altitude both in sheep and goats. A negative correlation was found between Famacha and haemoglobin levels in goats which was significant at mid-hills. A negative correlation was also observed in Body condition score and EPG in goats. The incidence of gastrointestinal parasitism and haematobiochemical profile was carried out in two other flocks (flock II and III) at mid hills altitude. In flock II (goat) 80% of the sample was positive for GIT parasitism in goats and the mean EPG was 1656.67±136.40. In flock III (sheep) 93.33% of samples were positive for GIT parasitism in sheep and the mean EPG was 1470±92.08. Haematologically, animals of both the flocks showed decreased haemoglobin than normal. Biochemically mean values of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, globulin and magnesium were below the normal in both the flocks. Theurepeutic trials were conducted on 90 sheep and 90 goats using closantel, ivermectin and fentas plus in standard doses. The efficacy of ivermectin, closantel and fentas plus was 85.30%, 82.91%, and 73.10% respectively in sheep. In goats efficacy was 81.55%, 85.50% and 70.40% respectively indicating that ivermectin was most effective drug in sheep and closantel was most effective drug in goats against single or mixed parasitic infections.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electrolyte and Acid Base Imbalances in Common Clinical Disorders in Dogs
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-20) Bhawani, Ishani; Katoch, Ajay
    The present investigation was aimed to study the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Electrolyte and acid base imbalances in common clinical disorders in dogs. The study was conducted on 2276 dogs presented in the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Palampur. On the basis of history, clinical examination, haemato-biochemical profile, electrolyte profile, acid base imbalances and imaging studies, a total of 328 dogs (14.41%: 328/2276) with electrolyte disorders were found. The overall prevalence from the total dogs presented in the clinics were 5.79% (132/2276) in Renal failure dogs, 3.60% (82/2276) in Canine Parvoviral enteritis dogs, 2.72% (62/2276) in Canine Distemper dogs and 2.28% (52/2276) in dogs with Ascites of hepatic origin. Based upon preliminary screening and final diagnosis, 328 cases of Electrolyte disorders were found. Out of these 328 cases, 132 (40.24%, 132/328) suffered from Renal failure, 82 (25.01%, 82/328) from Parvoviral Enteritis, 62 (18.90 %, 62/328) from Canine Distemper and 52 (15.85%, 52/328) from Ascites of hepatic origin. The prevalence of different Electrolyte imbalances in Renal Failure dogs revealed Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia in 50.75% (67/132), 36.36% (48/132) and 19.69% (26/132) cases, , respectively whereas Canine Parvoviral Enteritis revealed Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia in 65.85% (54/82), 36.58% (30/82) and 24.39% (20/82) cases, respectively. The prevalenceof different Electrolyte imbalances in Canine Distemper dogs revealed Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia in 77.41% (48/62), 51.61% (32/62) and 29.03% (18/62) cases, , respectively whereas Ascitic dogs revealed Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia in 75% (39/52), 30.76% (16/52) and 53.84% (28/52) cases, , respectively. Rest of the dogs were having normal levels of Sodium, Potassium and Chloride. The dogs suffering from Renal failure were anaemic with Hb and PCV as 8.89±0.91 g/dl and 27.26±2.49 %, respectively. The mean values of BUN and Creatinine were significantly higher (141.08±14.26 mg % and 6.50±0.49 mg%, respectively) than healthy animals. The mean values of Sodium, Potassium and Chloride were 147.56±1.18 mmol/L, 3.8±0.25 mmol/L and 105.67±1.16 mmol/L, respectively. The mean value of Sodium was significantly lower than healthy animals. Renal failure dogs were having hyperphosphatemia with mean Phosphorus level as 7.341±0.44 mg/dl. Venous blood gas and acid base status in 22 dogs of Chronic renal failure revealed the mean values of pCO2, HCO3, tCO2 and stHCO3were significantly decreased as compared to healthy dogs indicative of metabolic acidosis in affected dogs. In Canine parvoviral enteritis there was a significant decrease in Lymphocytes and significant increase in Monocyte values i.e. 18.55±1.46 % and 10.99±1.72%, respectively compared with healthy animals. These dogs were suffering from hypoproteinemia with mean Total Protein value as 4.56 ± 0.37g%. The mean values of Glucose increased significantly from 92.01±5.19 mg% after institution of treatment. The mean values of Sodium and Potassium were 141.84± 0.95mmol/L and 3.38±0.08mmol/L which increased non-significantly after the treatment. A significant decrease in mean value of Chloride was present i.e. 103.74± 0.82mmol/L as compared to healthy dogs which increased non-significantly after the treatment. The dog suffering from Canine Distemper had mean values of TEC and PCV as 5.50 ± 0.35 x 1012/L and 29.89 ± 2.46%, respectively which were significantly lower than healthy animals followed by non-significant gradual increase after treatment. The mean values of ALT were 40.14±14.40U/L and 72.39±5.19U/L, , respectively which were significantly higher than healthy animals. Similarly, mean value of Potassium was also significantly lower compared with healthy animals. The dogs suffering from Ascites were having mean values of Hb and TLC as 11.24±0.52g/dL and 12.67±0.49 x 109 /L, respectively. The mean values of ALT were 131.92±25.36 U/L and 98.59±6.10 U/L in pretreatment and posttreatment dogs which were significantly higher than healthy animals. The mean values of Sodium and Potassium were 139.81±1.45 mmol/L and 3.50±0.14mmol/L, respectively. The mean values of Sodium increased significantly after the treatment. A significant decrease in Chloride was observed compared to healthy animals which increased non-significantly after the treatment. Specific treatment of different diseases along with specific fluid therapy as per need resulted in significant recovery of diseased animals.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on clinico-diagnostics of canine dermatological disorders and its management
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2022-12-20) Bansal, Abhishek; Sharma, Pardeep
    The present study was carried out on 2,671 dogs presented at Department of Veterinary Medicine, DGCN COVAS, Palampur over a period of one year two months. Among these, 227 dogs were diagnosed with different dermatological disorders indicating 8.40 per cent overall hospital prevalence. Etiology-wise prevalence were bacterial 34 per cent, demodectic mange 18 per cent, fungal 17.62 per cent, flea 16 per cent, sarcoptic mange 3.52 per cent, atopic, cheyletiellosis, nutritional 2.6 per cent respectively and pemphigus 1.7 per cent. The maximum cases of dermatitis were recorded during the monsoon season (46.69%) followed by the winter season (22.46%). Sex-wise the males (75.33%) suffered more than females (24.66%). Overall age groups with the highest prevalence were those between 1 and 12 months (39.20%). Overall skin affections were more in Mongrels breed (34.36%) and German shepherd (13.22%). Majority of canines had pruritis (80.62%), followed by alopecia (75.33%). In the case of bacterial dermatitis maximum number of dogs confronts erythema (89.74%) and in sarcoptic mange, demodectic mange, fungal dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis was characterized by pruritis 100, 95.12, 75.00, 83.33 per cent respectively. The maximum distribution of overall lesion on dorsal surfaces was seen in lumbar 56 (24.67%) and ventral surfaces on paw 60 (26.43%). Haemoglobin and HCT values reduced significantly in demodectic and sarcoptic mange. Significant leucocytosis was observed in sarcoptic mange, demodectic mange, bacterial and fungal dermatitis and significant lymphopenia observed in sarcoptic mange and bacterial dermatitis and lymphocytosis in fungal dermatitis. Neutropenia was observed significantly in fungal dermatitis. Eosinophilia was observed significantly in bacterial and fungal dermatitis. ALT was significantly higher in demodectic mange, sarcoptic mange, and bacterial dermatitis. AST was significantly higher in bacterial, fungal dermatitis, demodectic and sarcoptic mange. Hyperproteinaemia was observed in demodectic mange, sarcoptic mange, and fungal dermatitis. Staphylococcus spp. was most isolated bacteria and Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, proved to be the most effective antibiotic in treatment of bacterial dermatitis with 57.14 per cent sensitivity on antibiogram followed by Clindamycin (42.86%). In treatment group-I (Ivermectin) on the 28th day, there was moderate erythema, alopecia, crust lesions, mild papular lesions, on the 56th day, there was mild alopecia and mild crust, and on the 84th day, there was complete recovery. All the dogs in treatment groups-II (Fluralaner), III(Sarolaner), IV(Afoxolaner) have severe erythema, alopecia, crust, and papule there was a reduction of clinical signs observed on day 28 there were mild erythema, alopecia, and crust lesions. Mild alopecia was observed on day 56. On day 84, all treatment groups had completely recovered. The mean mite count in group-I was significantly lower on the 28th day with the drug efficacy of 76.80 per cent and there was significant reduction of mean mite count was observed on 56th and 86th when compared with 28th day with the drug efficacy 99.68 per cent and 100 per cent respectively. In group-II, III and IV the mite count was significantly lower on 28th day when compared to the 0th day with the drug efficacy 98.90, 98.70 and 98.50 per cent respectively and non-significant reduction of mite count was observed on 56th day and 84th day in comparison to 28th day with a drug efficacy of 100 per cent. In sarcoptic mange infested dogs Fluralaner was administered @25mg/kg b.wt orally once to all dog. Complete resolution of signs was seen on 56th and 84th day. The mite count of Fluralaner treated dog was significantly lower on the 28th day with the drug efficacy 96.70 per cent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON ASCITES IN DOGS
    (CSKHPKV Palampur, 2020-12-29) BHATTI, ABHINEET KAUR; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The present study was aimed to study the clinical, haemato-biochemical and therapeutic aspects of ascites in dogs. The study was conducted on 2063 dogs presented to TVCC, from October 2018 to March 2020. Based upon the history, clinical signs and laboratory findings and imaging techniques, 47 dogs were found to be positive for ascites, thus representing overall incidence of 2.27%. Out of the 47 dogs, 35 dogs suffered ascites due to liver disorders (74.46%), 6 dogs due to cardiac disorders (12.76%) and 6 dogs due to renal disorders (12.76%). The incidence of ascites was higher in younger age group (1-4 years of age, 48.93%), in male dogs (76.59%) and Labrador retriever (29.78%) was the most commonly affected breed. Abdominal distension, exercise intolerance, melena, vomiting, anorexia, pale mucous membrane, dullness and depression were the common clinical signs observed. Haematology revealed normocytic hypochromic anaemia and leucocytosis. Biochemically, hypoproteinemia, hypogylcemia, increased levels of ALT, AST and ALP was observed in all the ascitic dogs. An increased level of BUN and creatinine was observed in ascitic dogs with renal disorders. The ascitic fluid analysis revealed increased levels of total protein in all the dogs and Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient was >1.1 g/dl in dogs with liver disorders. Radiographically, ground glass appearance was observed in majority of the cases and pleural effusion and increased vertebral heart size was observed in dogs with cardiac disorders. Increased echogenicity and size of liver, kidneys and spleen, presence of free fluid, round margins of the liver lobes were some of the common ultrasonographic findings. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, regurgitation of the blood, ventricular hypertrophy in ascitic dogs with cardiac disorders. Electrocardiography of ascitic dogs with cardiac disorders revealed ventricular arrthymia, ventricular hypertrophy and first degree heart block. The ascitic dogs with liver disorders were treated with diuretic (Frusemide + Spironolactone), Silymarine, liver safe antibiotic and liver supportive and 13 (37.14%) dogs showed signs of recovery. Diuretic (Frusemide+Spironolactone), digoxin, ACE inhibitor (Enalapril), antibiotic and liver supportive was used for the treatment of ascitic dogs with cardiac disorders and one dog showed signs of recovery. The ascitic dogs with renal disorders were treated with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, fluid therapy, diuretic (Frusemide+ Spironolactone), antibiotic, liver supportive and one dog showed signs of recovery. It was concluded that silymarine along with liver safe antibiotic, diuretic and liver supplements was quite useful for the treatment of ascitic dogs with liver disorders.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE DIABETES MELLITUS.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Kapoor, Smriti; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The study was conducted on 12 diabetic dogs presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) between February 2018 and March 2019. On the basis of history, clinical examination and laboratory findings, dogs affected with diabetes were subjected to haemato-biochemical examinations. The overall incidence of the disease was 0.99% (12/1212) in the cases presented to College Veterinary Clinics. Maximum no. of cases (7/12) were recorded in old dogs (>5 years) and in winter season (8/12). The prominent clinical signs observed in diabetic dogs were polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss and lethargy. The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) in diabetic dogs at the time of diagnosis was 403.08±31.99 mg/dl. Out of 12 dogs, 8 were having blood glucose level above 350 mg/dl and 4 dogs were having fasting blood glucose level below 350 mg/dl. The mean activities of aspartate amino transferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase were markedly higher in diabetic dogs. The mean cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, amylase and lipase level were markedly increased in diabetic dogs as compared to healthy dogs. Mineral and electrolyte profile revealed hypercalcaemia in diabetic dogs. Urine examination revealed hypersthenuria, glycosuria, variable ketonuria and leucocytes in urine samples of diabetic dogs. Anion gap was increased along with decreased blood pH and base excess which indicated metabolic acidosis. Oral hypoglycemics were not found to be effective in diabetes management in dogs. Insulin treatment was given @0.5 IU/kg bwt in dogs with mean fasting blood glucose >350 mg/dl (group I) and @0.25 IU/kg bwt in dogs with mean fasting blood glucose <350 mg/dl (group II) . Adjustments in the initial insulin dose were made in individual animals after generating serial blood glucose curve. Insulin treatment showed reduction in overt clinical signs of DM (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss and lethargy), fall in FBG (63.32 percent in group I and 44.6 percent in group II) and improvement in haemato-biochemical parameters, at the end of 4 weeks treatment. Insulin therapy along with dietary modification showed marked therapeutic efficacy and improvement in overall quality of life in diabetic dogs.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON HAEMOPROTOZOAN AND RICKETTESIAL DISEASES OF DOGS.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-22) Kalia, Rishabh; Wadhwa, Desh Raj
    The present investigation was aimed to study the clinical, haemato-biochemical and therapeutic aspect of haemoprotozoan and rickettesial diseases of dogs. The study was conducted on 1747 dogs presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Comple x, Palampur from November 2017 to May 2019. On the basis of history, clin ical signs and physical e xa mination, 259 dogs were screened using various parasitological or molecular techniques and among them, 66 dogs were found to be positive for either haemoprotozoan or rickettesial diseases, thus representing an overall incidence of 3.78%. Out of 66 affected dogs, 25 (37.88%) suffered from haemoprotozoan diseases consisting of B. gibsoni (n= 21), B. canis (n=3) and H. canis (n=1) and 41 (62.12%) suffered from rickettesial diseases and all were of ehrlichiosis. These diseases were more prevalent in warm and humid seasons (81.82%, summer and monsoon), in adult dogs (42.42%, 1-5 years of age) and in male dogs (81.82%). Ge rman Shepherd and Labrador (18.18 % each) were the most common affected breeds. Major clin ical signs were fever, inappetence, vomiting, melena, pale mucous membranes, dark yellow urine, dullness and depression, epistaxis, dehydration and lymph node enlargement. Neurological signs like fits, chorea etc., skin lesions like petechiae, ocular signs like eye discharge, hyphema, scleral bleeding etc. and ascites were less commonly observed. Haematology revealed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Biochemically, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia and raised BUN, ALP and total bilirubin values were observed. Splenomegaly, pleural effusion, evident bronchial pattern, hepatitis, decreased vascularity of renal cortex and medulla, cystitis and cholecystitis were main radiographic and/or ultrasonographic findings. Babesia affected dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups for treatment including supportive therapy. Group I (n= 8) were treated with Imidocarb dipropionate which led to recovery in 62.5% dogs. Group II (n= 7) were treated with combination of Imidocarb dipropionate with Do xycycline which led to recovery in 71.4% dogs. Group III (n= 5) were t reated with Do xycycline which led to recovery in 40% dogs and Group IV (n=4) dogs were treated with Do xycycline and Clindamycin which led to recovery in 50% of dogs. Ehrlichia affected dogs were also randomly divided into 4 groups for treatment including supportive therapy. Group I (n=12) were treated with Do xycycline and recovery in 66.66% dogs was observed. Group II (n=8) were t reated with combination of Do xycycline and Oxytetracycline and recovery in 87.5% dogs was observed. Group III (n=12) were treated with combination of Do xycycline and Imidocarb and recovery in 66.66% dogs was observed and Group IV (n=9) were treated with combination of Do xycycline and Clindamycin and recovery in 55.5% dogs was observed. It was concluded that combination of Imidocarb dipropionate and Do xycycline along with supportive therapy was most efficacious in treating babesiosis whereas combination of Do xycycline and Oxytetracycline along with supportive therapy was most efficacious in treating ehrlichiosis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON HAEMOPROTOZOAN AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES OF CATTLE.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Chauhan, Samar; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The present investigation was aimed to study the clinical, haemato-biochemical and therapeutic aspect of haemoprotozoan and rickettsial diseases of cattle. The study was conducted on 918 cattle presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Palampur from November 2017 to May 2019. On the basis of history, clinical signs and physical examination, 120 cattle were screened using parasitological techniques and among them, 39 cattle were found positive for either haemoprotozoan or rickettsial diseases and co-infections, thus representing an overall incidence of 4.25%. Out of 39 affected cattle, 29 (74.36%) suffered from single infection of haemoprotozoan diseases consisting of B. bigemina (n=6) and T. annulata (n=23), 7 (17.95%) suffered from rickettsial diseases all of which were of anaplasmosis and 3 (7.69%) suffered from co-infections of T. annulata and A. marginale. These diseases were more prevalent in humid seasons (53.85%, monsoon), in age group of 5-9 years (48.72%), in female cattle (79.48%) and in Jersey cross breds (43.59%). Major clinical signs observed were fever, anorexia, lymph node enlargement, pale & icteric mucous membranes and dehydration. Respiratory signs like nasal discharge, tachypnoea etc., ocular signs like ocular discharge, corneal opacity etc., coffee coloured urine, melena, incoordination in gait etc. were less commonly observed clinical signs. Haematology revealed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Biochemically, raised levels of ALT, ALP, AST, BUN, creatinine, total bilirubin along with hypoproteinemia and hyperglycemia were observed. Babesia affected cattle (n=6) were treated with Imidocarb dipropionate along with supportive therapy and recovery in 50.00% cattle was observed. Theileria affected cattle were randomly divided into 3 groups for treatment along with supportive therapy. Group I (n=8) were treated with Buparvaquone and recovery in 87.50% cattle was observed. Group II (n=8) were treated with Oxytetracycline and recovery in 75% cattle was observed. Group III (n=7) were treated with combination of Buparvaquone and Oxytetracycline and recovery in 100% cattle was observed. Anaplasma affected cattle (n=7) were treated with combination of Imidocarb and Oxytetracycline and recovery in 85.71% cattle was observed. Anaplasma and Theileria co-affected cattle (n=3) were treated with a combination of Buparvaquone and Oxytetracycline and recovery in two cattle was observed. It was concluded that combination of Buparvaquone and Oxytetracycline proved to be most efficacious in treating theileriosis and combination of Imidocarb with Oxytetracycline proved to be efficacious in treating Anaplasmosis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-20) Sultan, Tahir; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The present work was conducted with the objective to study the prevalence of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis, clinical appraisal of affected animals, efficacy of different therapeutic measures and to formulate strategic therapy against bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. The prevalence of bovine papillomatosis was recorded as 6.52 per cent in a total of 429 animals screened. The disease was more prevalent in the age group of 1 to 3 years (58.89%). Crossbred cattle were mostly affected particularly Jersey cross cattle (72.22%). The incidence was highest in females (98.88%). The affected cattle were either heifers (41.57%) or in their first lactation (34.83%). Teats were affected in maximum cases (85.55%). Warts on other body parts were present in 28.88 per cent cases, which include warts on face, muzzle, periorbital area, neck, shoulder, ventral abdomen, perineal region, fore and hind limbs. Warts were mostly of moderate (37.77%) or mild severity (35.55%), upto 1 cm in size (86.66%) and cauliflower (35.55%), ricegrain (22.22%) or flat (12.22%) shaped. Most warts were sessile in nature (47.77%), rough surfaced (63.33%) and brown (36.66%), grey (22.22%) or black (21.11%) coloured. Histopathologically, the wart tissues were classified as Papilloma and Fibropapilloma. Combined use of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole was more efficacious (72.22%) than combination of Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole (54.54%). Autogenous wart vaccination was effective in 75 per cent cases while Ivermectin was effective only in 20 per cent cases. On the basis of these observations, it is advised to use either combination of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole or Autogenous wart vaccine for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.