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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur
Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country.
The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh.
Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.
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ThesisItem Open Access Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Reproductive Tract Ailments of Canines.(CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2023-01-06) Sharma, Vasu; Sharma, Amit KumarPresent study investigated the prevalence, diagnosis and therapeutic management of reproductive tract ailments in a total of two hundred eighty-three (n=283) dogs. The cases were categorized on basis of age, parity, breed and season, respectively. Gestational disorders (22.3%) followed by neoplasia (13.4%), infections (10.9%) and hormonal (6.4%) disorders were preponderant reproductive tract ailments. The highest prevalence of reproductive tract ailments was observed in young ( 5yr, 58.3%), nulliparous (54.1%) and larger breeds (45.8%) during winters (58.3%) which were diagnosed using ultrasonography with an efficiency of 95.83 per cent. Escherichia coli (62.5%) was the primary bacterial isolate from purulent vaginal discharge of pyometra infected bitches with highest susceptibility for enrofloxacin (85.71%) followed by gentamicin (76.19%) and ceftriaxone (61.90%), respectively. Transmissible Venereal Tumour was preponderant in adult (63.1%), medium sized breeds (68.4%), bitches (52.6%) during monsoon season (52.6%) which were successfully managed chemotherapeutically (89.47%). Operative procedures for diagnostic and therapeutic management of major reproductive tract ailments were formulated and successfully applied during present study.ThesisItem Open Access Ultrasonographic Investigations of Internal Genital Organs During Gestation in Gaddi Sheep(Palampur, 2022-12-08) Tyson; Sharma, Amit KumarThe present study was conducted during breeding season to ultrasonographically evaluate the internal genital organs during gestation in Gaddi sheep reared at Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur at 32.6° N, 76.3° E, altitude of 1290.8m. Estrus observation accomplished by parading of adult ram (morning evening; 30 minutes each) followed by tupping. Day of mating was characterized as Day 0. Sequential ultrasonographic observations (Transrectal, TRUS 7.5 MHz; Transabdominal, TAUS 5.0 MHz) were carried out from Day 25 onwards at ten Day interval till Day 75 (TRUS) and till lambing (TAUS), respectively to record the embryonic and fetal characteristics. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 25. Majority of embryonic characteristics (Embryonic vesicle, Embryo proper, Heart biometry, Amniotic vesicle, Placentomes and Umbilical cord) were visualized as early as Day 25 except (Limb buds, Head and Trunk differentiation) which took little longer (Day 35). Whereas, fetal characteristics were visualized later in gestation. All the biometry parameters were earlier as well as better visualized in TRUS in comparison with TAUS. Significant increase (p<0.05) in biometric parameters were recorded throughout gestation except placentome diameter which observed significant decrease (p<0.05) from Day 95 till lambing. Various predictive equations were formulated using linear regression model to determine the gestation age in Gaddi ewes concluding Biparietal diameter (BPD) as best parameter (R2=97.9%) for TRUS whereas, Abdominal diameter (AD; R2=98%) was best while using TAUS. The spectral Doppler analysis of umbilicus was performed from Day 45 till lambing by TAUS. Majority of Doppler indices exhibit significant increase (p<0.05) at successive stage of gestation while, Pulsatility Index (PI) and Resistivity Index (RI) recorded decreasing trends (p<0.05). Correlation of haemodynamic parameters throughout the gestation revealed that PI and RI shared a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation amongst each other and were significant and negatively correlated (p<0.01) with all other Doppler parameters (PS, ED, TAMAX, TAMEAN, BFV-TAMAX and BFV-TAMEAN).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the estrus synchronization protocols and sonographic evaluation of early embryonic development in Gaddi sheep.(palampur, 2021-09-01) Jamwal, Kirti; Sharma, Amit KumarThe present study was conducted in Gaddi sheep to compare different estrus synchronization protocols during conventional non-breeding (April to June 2020; NB) and breeding (November-January 2021; B) season at Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur at 32.6° N, 76.3° E, altitude of 1290.8 m. Gaddi ewes were assigned to three different groups viz. progesterone-based protocol (ProEP), ovulation synchronization protocol (GPG) and control (Con) including six ewes in each group during both the seasons. Different estrus behavior signs were observed and compared during B and NB season along with vaginal electrical resistance, temperature, pH and vaginal cytology. Significantly higher (p<0.05) frequency of tail wagging (3.0±0.6) was observed at <24 hr in ProEP treated Gaddi ewes than other groups. ProEP treated ewes exhibited earlier onset (28.8±1.8 hr) along with extended estrus duration (40.2±5.5 hr) irrespective of season. Performance of ProEP treated Gaddi ewes was better in terms of higher rates of estrus response (83.3%), conception (90.0%), pregnancy (75.0%), fecundity (83.3%) and prolificacy (1.0±0.0). Vaginal electrical resistance and cytological examinations could also be used for diagnosing standing estrus in Gaddi ewes. Serum progesterone estimation were also carried out in ProEP treated Gaddi ewes at different interval. Significantly higher serum progesterone concentration in ProEP treated pregnant Gaddi ewes was observed on Day 0 (2.72± 1.71 ng/ml) as well as on Day 17 (3.94±0.4 ng/ml) after mating. Sequential transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) examinations with linear rectal probe (5.5–7.5 MHz) were carried out to study embryonic biometry parameters, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. TRUS was efficiently used for studying the embryonic development as well as losses between Days 14-35. Day 28 was regarded as best time to perform TRUS with maximum precision, higher accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and increased proportion of ewes having positive and negative predictive values. Predictive equations for calculation of gestation age during embryonic phase in Gaddi ewes were also established.ThesisItem Open Access Study on effect of CIDR insertion during early postpartum phase on reproductive efficiency in dairy cows(Palampur, 2021-09-09) Kour, Popandeer; Singh, MadhumeetThe present study was conducted on dairy cows (N=20) reared at Institutional Livestock Farm Complex, CSKHPKV, Palampur, during the early post-partum phase i.e. day 35. The selected cows were randomly distributed among 3 groups, viz. two CIDR treatment groups and one control group. Treatment group 1 (CIDR+FTAI) consisted of 7 cows, each receiving Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) insert for 9 days only whereas treatment group 2 (CIDR-PGF2α+FTAI) comprised of 6 cows in which resynchronization with CIDR from day 18-26 during subsequent mid-luteal phase after CIDR removal and cows in the control group (n=7) did not receive any treatment. Transrectal ultrasonography was done to assess the effect of treatment on follicular growth on different days of synchronization protocol as well as assessment of ovarian functional status by using Color Doppler portable ultrasound at 7.5 MHz frequency. Cervical discharge samples in both treatment groups were taken for culture sensitivity test after onset of estrus (AI day). The objectives of the current study were to assess the efficacy of CIDR-based protocol applied during the early post-partum phase on induction of estrus and record the effect of protocol on ovulation and conception rate in dairy cows. In the present study, estrus could be induced successfully in all the cows following CIDR treatment during the early postpartum period, however, artificial insemination was not done in some cows due to turbid discharge (9/13). Standing heat and mounting were not the predominant signs of estrus following CIDR treatment during the early post-partum period as compared to the control group, whereas, vulvar edema and cervicovaginal mucus were the common signs. The mean diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle was numerically higher (p>0.05) in both the treatment groups as compared to control group cows. Also, duration to first behavioural estrus was non-significantly lower (p>0.05) in CIDR treatment groups whereas the days open were numerically lower (p>0.05) in the CIDR+FTAI group only as compared to control group cows. The fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and Enrofloxacin) were recorded as the most sensitive as antThesisItem Open Access Study on clinical application of exfoliative vaginal cytology in dog reproduction(Palampur, 2021-07-30) Sharma, Ananya; Singh, MadhumeetThe present study was conducted in she-dogs (N=30), belonging to different breeds and ages, presented to the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (CSKHPKV), Palampur for determination of mating time and diagnosis of various reproductive disorders. Serum progesterone was estimatedfrom the blood sample collected in clot activator by cephalic venepuncture from she-dogs during different stages of the estrous cycle. The objectives of the study were to establish the usefulness of exfoliative vaginal cytology for the diagnosis of various reproductive stages and disorders in she-dogs and compare different staining techniques for vaginal cytology in canines. All the staining techniques provided diagnostic results, however, the Giemsa staining method proved to be the best followed by Leishman's method of staining. A significantly higher proportion (p0.05) for non- cornified cells (r= -0.7408 to -0.5807) during early estrus. Also, the percentage of keratinized cells and progesterone concentration were significantly lower (p<0.01-0.05) in she–dogs subsequently conceived after mating as compared to non-conceived.ThesisItem Open Access Investigation and management of infertility in cows reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh(Palampur, 2021-09-09) Sharma, Ankita; Singh, MadhumeetThe present study was conducted on 664 cows affected with different forms of infertility and reared in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. Blood samples were collected from cows diagnosed reproductive abnormalities for minerals, hormones, biochemical estimation and DNA isolation and gene sequencing. In addition to that faecal and cervicovaginal discharge samples were collected to determine the endoparasitic load and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of the cows, respectively. The objectives of current study were to document the infertility problems and evaluate the effect of various treatments for its management in cows of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. In present study, functional form of infertility had the highest prevalence in cows followed by infectious and anatomical causes. Forty seven per cent incidence of gastrointestinal infestation was recorded in faecal samples of cows. Among the different physiological and pathological conditions, anestrus cows had the highest incidence (22%) for parasitic load. After in vitro culture sensitivity test, fluoroquinolone group (Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin) were recorded as the most sensitive antibiotics whereas metronidazole (91.2%) was most resistant. Also, blood plasma concentration of calcium in infertile cows of Kinnaur was significantly higher (p<0.01) as compared to other sampled tribal areas whereas the significantly higher (p<0.05) plasma concentration of phosphorus was recorded in Spiti region. Among the biochemicals, the blood plasma concentration of total protein was significantly lower (p<0.01) in infertile cows of Spiti region as compared to other sampled tribal areas. Overall 69.30 per cent cows conceived after treatment different reproductive ailments in infertility treatment camps. Following gene sequencing, the single nucleotide polymorphism was located 2175 bp upstream of the start codon of FOXP3 which could affect the fertility of cows and heifers.
