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Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.
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ThesisItem Open Access SSR markers for resistance to Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(CCSHAU, 2015) Ravika; Chhabra, A. K.Present study was carried out to screen 85 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of cross Aldan (resistant) / WH542 (susceptible) for Karnal bunt resistance and to identify putative SSR markers and validate known markers associated with Karnal bunt resistance in wheat. There was significant variation among all the recombinant inbred lines for percentage and coefficient of infection to Karnal bunt. Most of the RILs (53) and (57) showed up to 5% infection during the year 2012 and 2013 and thus were resistant. The percentage of infection (PI) in the susceptible RILs was up to 52.46% and 43.22% in the year 2012 and 2013 respectively, whereas, coefficient of infection on RILs was up to 21.30% and 17.46 % in the year 2012 and 2013, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed considerable magnitude of variability among different RILs for all morphological traits studied namely, plant height, spike length, days to flowering, days to maturity, tillers/plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per meter row. A total of 45 SSR markers were used to screen parental genotypes out of these 15 were amplified. These 15 SSR markers were used to screen 20 selected RILs and a fingerprinting database was generated. Out of these 15, 6 were polymorphic and had presence of bands of different molecular weights for resistant and susceptible lines. Genetic similarity analysis showed that parental genotypes were quite distinct from each other. The cluster analysis led to distribution of parents and their RILs in to two groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.31. Major cluster I, included resistant parent Aldan with resistant lines except one susceptible line in this group and major cluster II had susceptible parent WH542 and susceptible lines. Bulk segregant analysis showed that three primers (Xgwm637, Xgwm337, Xgwm538) which were already reported to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance, also showed association with Karnal bunt resistance in population under study. These three markers were further used to screen on whole population and results were confirmed. Hence, these markers may be used for marker assisted selection for Karnal bunt resistance in early segregating generations of wheat.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of grain filling components using molecular markers in RILs of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)(CCSHAU, 2013) Gollen, Babita; Subhadra SinghA total of 103 F10 RILs of bread wheat derived from HUW-510 x WH-730 were evaluated for their grain filling process under normal sown (NS) and late sown (LS) field experiments conducted in Rabi seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12.An á-design in replicates with 15 block each was used for evaluation. The grain filling was studied by sampling the developing grains at 5 - day intervals after days to anthesis (DAA) till physiological maturity. The process of grain filling was characterized by estimating 3 parameters of grain development, namely final grain weight (W), maximum grain filling rate (R) and grain filling duration (GFD) by fitting non-linear logistic regression. Highly significant genotypic differences existed for all the three grain filling traits. However, a comparisons of : RILs with that of parents, between parents and among RILs revealed gene dispersion between parents. This inference was substantiated by the observation of transgressive segregants in both positive and negative directions for all the traits in the RIL population. Selective genotyping method of QTL detection was used and a total of 300 SSR primers were screened in a sub-population of 37 RILs and 112 primers were found to be polymorphic. Linkage map was constructed using 99 unambiguous polymorphic markers. QTL detection for W, R, GFD and also TGW and KPS was performed using single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM). A total of 61 putative QTLs using SMA and a total of 23 major QTLs were detected using CIM. Some QTLs in coupling and some in repulsion phase were observed and explained positive and negative associations respectively between traits. A number of QTLs for increasing the grain filling rate (R) and reducing the grain filling duration (GFD),were found to be useful to counteract the terminal heat stress . These QTLs may be exploited for genetic improvement of the wheat. Markers Xgwm95 and barc21 were found to be closely linked to QTLs for R and GFD and can be used for MAS after validation.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis of terminal heat tolerance in wheat using molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2014) Gupta, Mamta; Chawla, VeenaThe present investigation was carried out for genotyping and phenotyping of F2 population for heat tolerance in wheat and identification of putative QTLs using F2 population of cross PBW373 x WH1081 and PBW373 x PBW343. Three parents and four check varieties (Raj3765, WH730, DBW17 and WH711) were evaluated in field under normal sown (29.Nov.2011)and late sown (3.Jan.2012) conditions. Two factor ANOVA exhibited highly significant differences for genotypes, environments, as well as for genotype x environment interactions for days to heading, days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, grain filling duration, plant height, number of productive tillers/plant, number of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield/plant, biomass/plant, harvest index and membrane thermostability. HSI (Heat susceptibility index) for 1000 grain weight and grain yield/plant was observed to be significantly low in all tolerant genotypes (PBW373, Raj3765 and WH730). The performance of sensitive parents was affected to more extent in late sown conditions as compared to that in tolerant parents. Grain yield/plant showed a positive correlation with plant height (0.69**, 0.28**), biomass/plant (0.98**, 0.94**) and number of productive tillers/plant (0.89**, 0.85**) in both the crosses. For genotyping DNA from three parents PBW373, WH1081 and PBW343 was amplified using 200 SSRs. 158 SSRs showed amplification in parents. Only 22 SSRs produced polymorphic bands, of size between 100 to 300 bp and an average of 1.45 alleles. No polymorphism was observed in parents of other population. SSR amplification profile of 152 F2plants was used for identification of QTLs using QTL Cartographer version- 2.5. The single marker analysis identified 19 markers indicating the putative QTLs for yield, its components and heat stress related physiological traits. A total 22 SSRs were used to construct the map and these were found to be mapped on 16 linkage group. The number of markers on these 16 linkage groups varied from one to four. On A genome 13 QTLs were identified, on B genome 5 QTLs and on D genome 9 QTLs recepectively. The A-, Band D- genomes had 1360.3 cM, 272.4 cM and 919.5 cM of linkage coverage with average interval distances of 104.63 cM, 54.48 cM and 102.16 cM/Marker. A total of nine QTLs were resolved following composite interval mapping,one QTL was detected at a LOD score equal to threshold value of 2.5 while eight at LOD scores above the threshold value. All the nine QTLs were shown to be definitive located on chromosome 3A (QDh.CCSHAU-3A, QDa.CCSHAU-3A and QPm.CCSHAU-3A), cromosome 5A (QBm.CCSHAU-5A, QCtd.CCSHAU-5A and QCl.fl.CCSHAU-5A), chromosome 6A (QPh.CCSHAU-6A) and chromosome 3B (QTgw.CCSHAU and QMts.CCSHAU-3B). Positive QTL effect suggested that an allele of the above QTL for heat stress tolerance is available in the tolerant parental genotype PBW373. These putative QTLs indicated by the SSRs may be used in MAS after further validation using another mapping population.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular analysis of recombinant inbred lines for Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) resistance in wheat(CCSHAU, 2012) Sandeep Kumar; Chawla, VeenaPresent study was carried out t o screen 107 recombinant inbred l in es (RILs) of cross H567. 71 (r esistant) x WH542 (susceptible) for Karnal bunt resistance and to identify and validate SSR markers associated with Karnal bunt resistance in wheat. There was significant variation among all the recombinant in bred lines for percentage and coefficient of infection to Karnal bunt. Most of the RILs (85) and (72) showed up to 5% infection during the y ear 2010 and 2011 and thus were resistant. The range of percentage of infection (PI) in the susceptible RILs was 5.19 to 22.93 and 5.38 to 36.46 in the year 2010 and 2011 respectively , whereas, coefficient of infection on RILs ranged f r om 0 t o 8. 28 and 0 t o 14. 45 in the yea r 2010 and 2011 respectively. Significant variation s were also observed for different morphological traits such as, plant height, spike length, days to flowering, till er s/plant , 100 grain weight and grain yield/ plant. A total of 70 SSR markers were used t o screen parental genotypes out of these 42 were polymorphic. These 42 SSR markers were used to screen 20 selected RILs and a fingerprinting database was generated. Total of 88 alleles were detected, number of alleles per locus ranged from 2-3 with an average of 2.09 alleles per locus. Genetic similarity analysis showed that parental genotypes were quite distinct from each other . The cluster analysis led to distribution of parents and their RILs in to two groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.39. Major cluster I, included resistant parent H567.71 with resistant lines and major cluster II had susceptible parent WH542 and susceptible lines. Bulk segregant analysis showed that three prime rs (Xgwm637, Xgwm337, Xgwm538) which were already reported to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance, also showed association with Karnal bunt resistance in population under study . A new marker (Xgwm6) located at 1.6 cM from Xgwm538 (o n chromosome 4B) was identif ied to be associated with karnal bunt resistance. These four markers were fur the r used to screen o n whole population and results were confirmed. Hence, these markers may be used for marker assisted selection for Karnal bunt resistance in early segregating generations .ThesisItem Open Access Nutrient use efficiency of various genotypes of bread wheat under low and optimum input conditions(CCSHAU, 2015) vats, Akshay kumar; Saharan, R.P.The objectives of present two years investigation were to evaluate the various genotypes of bread wheat for various characters under low and optimum input conditions, to determine the genotypic and phenotypic variability for the grain yield, its components and morpho- physiological traits under low and optimum input conditions and to determine the various indices of yield, its components and other morphophysiological traits for the traits for nutrient use efficiency, to determine the promising genotypes for nutrient uptake and use efficiency. Results revealed Mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the characters. Significant differences due to genotypes for various traits indicated that there was considerable variation among the genotypes. Genotype × fertilizer (G × F) interaction was significant for majority of the characters except in Plant height, Chlorophyll content and Number of tillers per plant. This indicated that genotypes differed in their response from low to optimum input conditions for the characters under study. Correlation coefficients revealed that the biomass per plant and harvest index was significant component of grain yield under low and optimum input conditions. Trend deflected the path for grains per spike, plant height, spikelets per spike, root traits and days to heading and maturity Trend remained same for the increase in mean performance of genotypes for N, P and Zn use efficiency from low to optimum input conditions as PBW 533 and WH 1105 under both low and optimum input conditions were better in mean performance over the years for nitrogen, phosphorous as well as zinc use efficiency. For most of the characters genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability fell out in low range category like plant height in both years under optimum input conditions and low input conditions in 2013-14, biomass per plant in 2012-13 and 2013-14 under optimum input conditions, harvest index in 2012-13 under both optimum as well as under low input conditions. Similarly, under both optimum as well as low input conditions in both the seasons gcv and pcv for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, 1000- grain weight , spikelets per spike, grains per spike, days to heading and days to maturity, N content in grains, root biomass and root length were on lower side indicating less variability per characterThesisItem Open Access Genetic Analysis Of Csr-10(Non Aromatic) X Taraori Basmati (Aromatic) Derived Recombinant Inbreed Lines Of Rice(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar, 2010) Pummy Kumari; Ahuja, UmaThesisItem Open Access Molecular analyses of recombinant inbred lines of wheat cross aldan x WH542 for resistance to Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)(CCSHAU, 2010) Gupta, Mamta; Chawla, VeenaPresent studies were conducted on two genotypes, Aldan (resistant) and WH542 (susceptible), and their 94 recombinant inbred lines. Investigations were carried out to screen the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for Karnal bunt resistance and to characterize above lines using molecular markers. There was significant variation among all the recombinant inbred lines for coefficient of infection of Karnal bunt. The range of coefficient of infection (CI) on the RILs was 0-41.70. The chi-square analysis indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for Karnal bunt resistance. Thirty five inter simple sequence repeat primers were used for amplification of DNA from the two parents. DNA amplification was observed with only 25 markers. ISSR markers based finger print database were generated using these 25 primers. Out of 25, six primers showed 100% polymorphism. A total of 193 alleles were detected at 25 ISSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4-14 with an average of 7.72 alleles per locus. The two parents were genetically divers (similarity coefficient 0.419). The cluster analysis led to distribution into two groups: group 1 had resistant parent Aldan and group 2 had susceptible parent WH542, resistant bulk and susceptible bulk. Among all the primers used one primer (IS-43) was identified to be associated with Karnal bunt resistance. This showed an amplification profile (650 bp product) characteristic of resistant parent, in corresponding bulk and in individual genotyping of the recombinant inbred lines. This might have an application in marker assisted selection after converting it to SCAR marker.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity and correlation analysis for morphological traits and grain yield in advanced lines of bread wheat(CCSHAU, 2011) Sharma, Preeti; Yadava, R.KThe study entitled “Genetic diversity and correlation analysis for morphological traits and grain yield in advanced lines of bread wheat” was conducted during rabi 2009 at CCSHAU, Hisar. The advanced homozygous lines (170 nos.) were undertaken for genetic divergence and for estimate of mutual correlations vis-a-vis path analysis for grain yield with 10 morphological traits namely days to 50 % heading, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets per spike, number of effective tillers per plant, spike weight (g), weight of grains per spike (g), number of grains per spike, hundred grain weight (g). Coefficient of variation being in the range of 1.40- 8.34 indicated adequacy of material and the traits studied for further estimation of genetic variability parameters. Heritability (broad sense) estimates were quite high for grain yield per plant followed by hundred grain weight and number of effective tillers per plant. Improvement can be realized to an extent ranging from 66 to 30 per cent for grain yield per plant, tillers per plant, hundred grain weight, and grain weight per spike. Highly significant and positive association was observed between grain weight per spike and spike weight. The high direct effects in positive direction for the dependent variable i.e grain yield per plant was recorded for number of effective tillers per plant followed by number of grains per spike, and hundred grain weight. In general, the indirect effects of the characters towards grain yield per plant were low, but the main contributers are tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and hundred grain weight. Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis of 170 genotypes into 9 clusters with variable number of advanced lines which indicated the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity in the material. The average intra- cluster distance between the advanced lines was recorded maximum for cluster IV thereby indicated the presence of more diversity among the genotypes included among these cluster. The inter-cluster distance has been maximum between clusters II vs. VII followed by cluster IV vs. VII and VI vs. VII and was least for cluster I vs. II. The maximum per cent contribution towards the total genetic divergence was indicated for grain weight per spike followed by grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and plant height. Based on cluster mean, the genotypes that may be promising for the improvement programme in bread wheat are identified as RIL- 91from cluster IV for plant height and number of spikelets per spike. RIL- 31 from cluster VII was found better for number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant. RIL- 45 from cluster VIII could be explored for maximum hundred grain weight and minimum days to 50 per cent heading as well. It is suggested that grain yield can be improved through direct selection for effective tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and hundred grain weight.ThesisItem Open Access Genotypic variation for seed size and related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(CCSHAU, 2011) Aggarwal, Madhu; Dahiya, Gajraj SinghThe present investigation entitled “Genotypic variation for seed size and related traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted during rabi 2009-2010 under normal and late sown environments at CCSHAU, Hisar. Ten genotypes (SG22, Raj3765, PBW550, LOK1, K68, C306, WH283, WH542, HJP62 and HD2009) representing a wide range of spectrum of variability for their grain size (bold, intermediate and small) were used for the estimation of grain filling parameters, the main causal components of grain size. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) from anthesis was used as the time scale during the grain development period. Field observations were recorded from five competitive plants for days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, number of grains per spike, spike length (cm) and 1000-grain weight (g). Grain development rate (GDR) and grain development period (GDP) were calculated for each genotype replication wise fitted by non linear regression to a logistic curve. Significant genotypic differences were present for all the characters under normal and late sown environments. The relative ranking of the genotypes for grain development period differed in two environments. This implied that GDP was more sensitive to the environment. On the other hand GDR was more stable trait and least affected by the environment and hence more genetically controlled. Highly significant and positive association was observed between GDR and 1000-grain weight under both the conditions. This association was stable over the environment and could account for 50% variability for 1000-grain weight. GDR exhibited highly significant negative association with GDP under normal sown condition whereas direction of association was also negative but non-significant under late sown condition. The characters such as 1000-grain weight, number of grain per spike, spike length and days to maturity had higher magnitude of genetic variance as compared to environmental variance and this was also reflected by higher magnitude of broad sense heritability for these traits under both conditions. The expected genetic advance (% of mean) was highest for GDR followed by 1000-grain weight, number of grains per spike and spike length under both environments ranging (32 – 64%) whereas for GDP a medium response ranging (17 – 22%) was expected. The results indicated that the grain size may be genetically manipulated by improving the GDR in the wheat population.