Genetic diversity and correlation analysis for morphological traits and grain yield in advanced lines of bread wheat
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Date
2011
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CCSHAU
Abstract
The study entitled “Genetic diversity and correlation analysis for morphological traits and grain
yield in advanced lines of bread wheat” was conducted during rabi 2009 at CCSHAU, Hisar. The advanced
homozygous lines (170 nos.) were undertaken for genetic divergence and for estimate of mutual
correlations vis-a-vis path analysis for grain yield with 10 morphological traits namely days to 50 %
heading, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), spike length (cm), spikelets per spike, number of
effective tillers per plant, spike weight (g), weight of grains per spike (g), number of grains per spike,
hundred grain weight (g). Coefficient of variation being in the range of 1.40- 8.34 indicated adequacy of
material and the traits studied for further estimation of genetic variability parameters. Heritability (broad
sense) estimates were quite high for grain yield per plant followed by hundred grain weight and number of
effective tillers per plant. Improvement can be realized to an extent ranging from 66 to 30 per cent for grain
yield per plant, tillers per plant, hundred grain weight, and grain weight per spike. Highly significant and
positive association was observed between grain weight per spike and spike weight. The high direct effects
in positive direction for the dependent variable i.e grain yield per plant was recorded for number of
effective tillers per plant followed by number of grains per spike, and hundred grain weight. In general, the
indirect effects of the characters towards grain yield per plant were low, but the main contributers are tillers
per plant, number of grains per spike and hundred grain weight. Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis of
170 genotypes into 9 clusters with variable number of advanced lines which indicated the presence of
considerable amount of genetic diversity in the material. The average intra- cluster distance between the
advanced lines was recorded maximum for cluster IV thereby indicated the presence of more diversity
among the genotypes included among these cluster. The inter-cluster distance has been maximum between
clusters II vs. VII followed by cluster IV vs. VII and VI vs. VII and was least for cluster I vs. II. The
maximum per cent contribution towards the total genetic divergence was indicated for grain weight per
spike followed by grain yield per plant, hundred grain weight and plant height. Based on cluster mean, the
genotypes that may be promising for the improvement programme in bread wheat are identified as RIL-
91from cluster IV for plant height and number of spikelets per spike. RIL- 31 from cluster VII was found
better for number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant. RIL- 45 from cluster VIII could be explored
for maximum hundred grain weight and minimum days to 50 per cent heading as well. It is suggested that
grain yield can be improved through direct selection for effective tillers per plant, number of grains per
spike and hundred grain weight.
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Keywords
Planting, Regeneration, Lucerne, Vegetative propagation, Biological phenomena, Medicago sativa, Biological development, Auxins, Tissue culture, Embryonic development