Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University popularly known as HAU, is one of Asia's biggest agricultural universities, located at Hisar in the Indian state of Haryana. It is named after India's seventh Prime Minister, Chaudhary Charan Singh. It is a leader in agricultural research in India and contributed significantly to Green Revolution and White Revolution in India in the 1960s and 70s. It has a very large campus and has several research centres throughout the state. It won the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Award for the Best Institute in 1997. HAU was initially a campus of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. After the formation of Haryana in 1966, it became an autonomous institution on February 2, 1970 through a Presidential Ordinance, later ratified as Haryana and Punjab Agricultural Universities Act, 1970, passed by the Lok Sabha on March 29, 1970. A. L. Fletcher, the first Vice-Chancellor of the university, was instrumental in its initial growth.

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Open Access
Technological gap and training needs of Bt-cotton growers in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2014) Davender Kumar; Hudda, R.S.
The present study was conducted in the native state Haryana. Out of 21 disticts, in the state, two districts namely Sirsa and Hisar has largest area and production under Bt-cotton among all the district of Haryana state and contributes about 50 per cent of Bt cotton production in the state. Cotton is soft, staple fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plants (Gossypium sp.), a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the America, India and Africa. All the commercial cotton is Native American species (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense). The overall technology gap was found to be about 47.50 per cent. Aspect wise of the respondents fall in high level of technology gap. It was high in case of varieties and agronomic practices (52.08 per cent and 45.42 per cent respectively). It was observed from the data that 49.17 high level of sowing methods of the respondents were found to be having high level of manures and fertilizer application 50.83 per cent. It was very much clear from the table that 54.58 per cent of the respondents had high level of technology gap in pest and disease management.as for as picking of cotton was concerned, the most of the respondents 41.25 farmers belong to high technology gap When asked about their interest and needs for various training programme, almost all the farmers showed their interest in obtaining the training for the Bt-cotton growers farmers in different subject matter areas Insects scoutin, (88.75%) Application and use of chemicals (86.66%) Features of Bt-cotton technology (83.75%), Bt-cotton varieties/hybrid (82.50%).
Open Access
Role of privatization of extension services for sustainable agricultural development
(CCSHAU, 2012) Jasvinder Kaur; Malik, Joginder S.
The present study entitled ìRole of privatization of extension services for sustainable agricultural development was undertaken in the Ambala, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad districts of Haryana state with the following specific objectives : To explore the knowledge and attitude of farmersí towards privatization of agricultural extension services; To find out the farmer ís accessibility and preferences towards public and private extension services; To assess the feasibility of extension delivery mechanism of private agricultural extension agencies; To study the socio- economic and psychological characteristics of farmers utilizing private extension services. From each district two blocks were selected randomly and from each block two villages were selected. Manageable sizes of 10 farmers was selected from each village thus making total sample size of 200 farmers . A sample of 40 private extension agencies was also taken randomly ; from each district eight agencies were selected. The study revealed that majority of the respondents were in middle to old age groups, belonged to fair educational status , had agriculture as their main occupation and belonged to small to large land holding. Fur ther, farmers had medium to high extension contact, mass media participation, SES, risk preference, scientific orientation and economic motivation. As far as knowledge was concerned all the farmers had knowledge regarding different aspects of privatization of agricultural extension services and the highest knowledge was about general services (mean 6.61) followed by input supply (mean 6.00) and infrastructure facilities (mean 6.00) . Overall 82.50 per cent of farmers had high knowledge level regarding PAES. Among independent variables extension contact and education were found to have positive and significant association with knowledge of farmers. Farmers also had good attitude towards PAES as 82.00 per cent of the farmers fell between favourable to more favourable categor ies. Independent variables viz., education, occupation, land holding, SES and extension contact were found positively and significantly associated with attitude of farmers . Farmers had greater accessibility in private extension for input supply (mean 10.90) and nfrastructure facilities (mean 9.67) , while for consultancy & diagnosis services (mean 10.51) , information (mean 11.53) and technical services (mean 8.90) public extension was found more accessible in both the zones. Similarly , farmers prefer the consultancy & diagnosis services (mean 4.36), information (mean 5.63) and technical services (mean 3.82) in public extension, while for input supply (mean 5.84) and infrastructure (mean 4.08) they preferred more private extension services. Sixty five per cent of the farmers found private extension services highly feasible followed by 25 and 10 per cent with medium and low level of feasibility , respectively . Lacks of infrastructure facilities (rank I), communication gap ( rank II) and lack of coordination ( rank I II) were some of the commonly faced problems by private extension agencies. The study concluded that private and public extension services must work together for the overall development of the farming community .
Open Access
Gender dimension of poverty and well being in rural households
(CCSHAU, 2013) Ella Rani; Kaushik, Sushma
The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state 400 household from two small village viz: Bir Babran from Hisar-II block and Kirara village from Agroha block of Hisar district were selected including 283 males and 70 females headed households. A set of twelve independent variables and two dependent variables were selected for the study. Poverty status was measured with the help of three tools viz: BPL Survey (Govt. of India, 2002), Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (NSSO, 2005) and Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (IFAD, 2009). Socio-personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the households were headed by males, belonged to lower middle age group, matriculate, married, had medium size joint families and were from middle caste, almost nil social participation, had monthly income between Rs. 20,000-30,000, farming as their family occupation, mixed type of housing, having medium size of land holding and had green cards. As regards of communication profile of the respondents, majority had low mass media exposure, high utilization of localite resources and medium cosmopolite source of information. As preference of poverty indicators, the cut off points for identification of BPL was perceived differently by the BPL and APL respondents on various prevalent indicators. The scores of APL respondents were higher as compared to BPL respondents for all the indicators. Availability of meals was most important criteria as perceived by BPL respondents whereas income/ expenditure was most preferred criteria of APL families. In Overall, 55 percent of respondent were satisfied and 45 percent were not satisfied with BPL Survey, However, ‘high proportion of non-poor or non- eligible are BPL card holder’ ‘high level of corruption’ were the reasons for the dissatisfaction with the BPL survey. Poverty mapping of rural household as per the prevalent 13 point criteria of Govt. of India, revealed that none of the household was found below poverty line and majority of respondents scored high on these indicators. None of the sampled population was deprived on six out of total thirteen indicators. The level of deprivation on other criteria ranked between 9.5 to 22 percent, maximum with respect to means of livelihood and minimum for ownership of consumer durables. Majority had monthly expenditure of Rs. 1001-2000/ person/month in both the village and 14.5 percent of respondents had Monthly Per Capita Expenditure below Rs. 1000/ person/ month. Only 8 per cent had per capita expenditure below Rs. 26/day which means they fell into the criteria of BPL. However, per capita per day expenditure for majority of households was much higher than the BPL criteria of Rs. 26/day/person. Majority of the respondents had maximum expenditure on cereals and pulses, milk and milk products and fruits and vegetables as a food items while clothing and footwear and other non-food items as a non-food items. Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT) showed excellent score on Food and Nutrition Security, Housing , Clothing and Energy, Farm Assets and Gender and social equality while Health and Healthcare, Non-Farm Assets and Exposure and Resilience to Shocks was rated as average on both the villages. There were marked differences in various dimensions of MPAT among landless and other farmers although medium and large farmers did not differ much. The male and female heads of households differed on aspects of Food and Nutrition Security, Domestic Water Supply, Health and Healthcare, Education and Gender and Social Equality. Very few females owned land, property and household assets except jewellary. Majority of males were highest educated in comparison to females, though, majority of females and males were enrolled, however, dropout rate was more in females as compared to males. Educational aspirations were higher for male children in comparison to female children. Occurrence of serious illness was more in females as compared to males in all categories and they could afford treatment for males with some difficulty while for females with much difficulty. Non significant association of MPCE was found with head of household and level of education while significant association was formed with type of house, family occupation, type of family and size of land holding.
Open Access
Role Of Privatization Of Extension Services For Sustainable Agricultural Development
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University : Hisar, 2012) Kaur, Jasvinder; Malik, Joginder. S.
Open Access
Agricultural waste utilization in diversified agriculture
(CCSHAU, 2012) Sindhu, Nitu; Shehrawat, P.S.
This study was conducted to develop strategies for managing the enormous waste generated from agriculture. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely, Hisar and Sonipat, From each district two blocks were selected randomly, from each block three villages were selected and from each village, ten farmers were selected randomly. Thus, total one hundred twenty farmers were selected and interviewed with the help of well structured schedule. The interview schedule was divided into three categories i.e. awareness, utilization and benefits. Findings of the personal profile of the respondents revealed that majority of the farmers were of middle age group (36-50 years), educated up to metric, belonged to joint family with 4-6 members, performed only farming and had land holing up to 5 acres. Result pertaining to awareness indicated that awareness about the utilization of biogas plant waste, mushroom waste, wheat waste, mustard and horticultural waste was more than 70 percent. Awareness about utilization of paddy waste, sugarcane waste, cotton waste, floricultural wastes, poultry waste and livestock waste was between 50 to 60 percent. Utilization of biogas plant waste and mushroom waste was very high. Utilization of livestock waste, poultry waste and mushroom waste was medium. Utilization of horticultural wastes, floricultural wastes and cotton waste was low and utilization of wheat crop waste, paddy crop waste and sugarcane crop waste was very low. Thus, overall awareness about utilization of agricultural waste was very high but utilization of agricultural waste by the farmers was very less. Results pertaining to benefits to farmers after utilization of agricultural waste revealed that most of the farmers were benefited in very ordinary ways like high milk yield, addition income by selling waste to brick yards, reduced expenditure on chemical fertilizers, reduced waste available for disposal, clean and safe environment, etc. Very few farmers were employed as there were very few employment opportunities in villages. Employment opportunities will increase if industries like processing units for making value added products, handicrafts industries for making bags, mats, hats, carpets, etc., handmade paper industry, development of waste collection centers in villages and others are developed in villages. Thus there is need to develop village level industries and motivate farmers to systematically manage their waste in order to make valuable products from them. Systematic utilization of agricultural wastes will not only benefit the individual farmer but also the society, environment and government.
Open Access
Media standardization for fruits and vegetables processing and preservation
(CCSHAU, 2013) Yadav, Monika; Varma, S.K.
The present study was conducted in Haryana state. Fifty rural women from each Hisar, Bhiwani, Sonipat and Kaithal districts were selected randomly for assessing information/media needs of rural women regarding fruits and vegetables processing and preservation. On the basis of weighted mean scores and ranks messages having high five ranks and four sub-messages from each selected messages got higher rank were finally selected for media preparation. Selected messages were pickle making, chutney: a safe and tasty food product, preparation of murabba, making squashes and drying of fruits and vegetables. Standard procedure for development of media were followed. The effectiveness of printed manual was assessed through several parameters. Overall weighted mean scores revealed that accuracy, coverage, objectivity, writing style, content presentation, illustration and compatibility was perceived to be high for all the messages. Effectiveness of Compact Disc (CD) in terms of audio quality, video quality, presentation of message, content importance and suitability and text was rated as high. The content validity ratio for all the attributes of CD and printed manual was found to be significant (as per Lawshe, 1975). Inter consistency reliability for CD and printed manual was found to be statistically significant at 5 per cent level of significance. Field applicability was also found to be high for all the messages. The impact of CD was found to be significant for gain in knowledge and change in attitude. The impact of CD on rural women was found to be 63.51 per cent which is of moderate level. Occupation (r=0.451*), education (r=0.629*), income (r=0.510*), land holding (r=0.413*), and cultivated area under fruits and vegetables (r=0.437*) had positive and significant relationship with knowledge acquisition. Attitudinal change of rural women was found to be positively and significantly related with occupation (r=0.196*), education (r=0.676*), income (r=0.455*), land holding (r=0.279*), and cultivated area under fruits and vegetables (r=0.481*). Therefore, it can be concluded that rural women who had cultivation as their major occupation, educated, large land holding, cultivated large area under fruits and vegetables had knowledge acquisition and favourable attitude towards fruits and vegetables processing and preservation after exposing them through CD.
Open Access
An analytical study of community radio stations of Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2012) Heena Rani; Sethi, Nishi
Community Radio is a type of radio service that offers a third model of radio broadcasting beyond commercial and public service. Thus an analytical study of CRS of Haryana was conducted. The locale of the study was Haryana state. From Haryana state all the 5 CRS were selected and programmes of a month i.e. October, 2011 constituted the sample size. Existing status of CRS of Haryana and their programmes were analysed separately through content analysis. CRS, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University of Hisar district was selected to study the perception of programme on rural listeners. Dabra and Satroad Khurd villages were purposively selected. A total sample of 100 CR listeners i.e. 50 from each village were selected through snowball technique. Different socio- personal, economic, psychological and communication variables were selected as independent variables whereas perception of listeners was selected as dependent variable. A well structured interview schedules were constructed for collecting information in view the objectives of the study. Percent time, percent PQP percent mean score index, percentages, mean score and ranks were calculated for interpretation of data. The findings revealed that all the CRS were started between January, 2009 to July, 2010. A lot of variation was observed in broadcast time ranging between 4 hours to 22 hours. CRS, Hello Sirsa, CCS HAU, Hisar, Radio Manav Rachna, Faridabad were run by educational institutes. Most of the CRS were adopting feedback mechanism through phone in programmes and were inviting members of local communities for their programmes. CRS, Radio Manav Rachna, Faridabad got 1st rank for most well equipped CRS of Haryana Maximum outdoor shootings with community were conducted by CRS, Radio Mewat. CCS HAU, Hisar and Radio Mewat CRS’s emphasis was on information and educational programmes, (69.47% and 48% respectively) and majority of the listeners (46%) were utilizing high level of localite information sources but low level of cosmopolite information sources (49%) and mass media exposure (53%). Maximum utility in terms of gain in knowledge was perceived from programmes related to agriculture and animal science and veterinary. Regarding perception of listeners programme on agriculture got the highest rank and PQP value 80.7 per cent in overall perceptions about quality of programme. ‘CRS should be built up in the villages’ was the main implication suggested by all 5 CRS. Man power, administrative and technical limitations were found major limitations. The major implication suggested by the CR listeners was the ‘Range with good audio quality of the CR should be increased’. ‘Duration of broadcast programmes is not sufficient’ was main limitation by the CR listeners of CCS HAU, Hisar CRS.
Open Access
Gender disparity and intergenerational attitude towards girl child in Haryana
(CCSHAU, 2013) Anita Singh; Sethi, Nishi
The present study was conducted in Hisar and Jhajjar district of Haryana state. Dahima village from Hisar-I block of Hisar district and Sankhol village from Bahadurgarh block of Jhajjar district. A total sample of 480 respondents were selected randomly including 320 would be parents (equal number of male and female). Forty parents (40 male and 40 female) and 40 grandparents (40 male and 40 female) were purposively selected among already selected would be parents from both districts and villages. A set of independent variables and two dependent variables i.e. existing status of rural and urban families in view of gender perspective and intergenerational attitude towards girl child were selected. Socio-personal profile of respondents revealed that most of the would be parents were in age group between 19-22 years, unmarried, graduate, having no income and student. Parents belonged to age group of >49-55 years, had senior secondary level of education, having no income and home manager. Whereas, majority of grandparents belonged to age group >73-80 were illiterate and having no income. Most of the respondents belonged to high caste group, joint families of medium to large size, having high family educational status, low family income, their main family occupation was business, service and cultivation. Overall communication profile of respondents was medium to low. Most of the respondents were falling in medium category of change proneness, localites-cosmopolites and liberalism-conservatism. Majority of respondents knew about LADLI scheme but utilization of government’s scheme on girl child was negligible. In most of the families male had possession over productive resources. Ratio of male children was high in both generations, school dropout rate was more in girls, lack of resources and lack of interest were main reasons for school dropouts. Cooking activity, domestic roles and responsibilities and animal husbandry work mainly performed by female, on the other hand, decision making, social participation and agricultural domain dominated by male. Majority of would be parents had most favourable attitude towards girl child. Parents had favourable to most favourable attitude towards girl child whereas grand parents had favourable to most unfavourable attitude towards girl child. Attitude towards girl child was significantly associated with sex, family educational status, respondents’ education, family occupation, family income, mass media exposure, change proneness, localite cosmopolite and liberalism conservatism. Female respondents had more favourable attitude towards girl child. Significant difference in attitude towards girl child was found between three generations rural and urban background at 5% level, irrespective of generations.
Open Access
Communication gap and constraints in kinnow production technology
(CCSHAU, 2011) Kamboj, Moji; Mehta, S.K.
The present study was conducted in Sirsa and Hisar districts of Haryana state with 80 farmers as a sample for the study. The major thirst of the study was upon the communication gap and communication behaviour of the farmers in relation to getting information for scientific cultivation of kinnow crop. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers were from middle aged group and from the dominant caste, having high socio economic status and more than ten acres of land, educated up to high school, having farming as their main occupation and they mainly came from joint family setup. The DHO and its officials were the most preferred with a maximum credibility and trustworthiness. The university scientists topped the list of information sources from the point of view of level of satisfaction derived by the kinnow growers. The farmers were having a large communication gap of 46.75 with the university scientists and a narrow communication gap of 17.75 and 18.50 with the input dealers and DHO/HDOs, respectively. However, the largest communication gap of 76.67 was found in case of radio. The higher caste and the well educated farmers considered university scientists a more reliable source and therefore seized to opt for input dealers. The major constraints in using radio and television were that most of the programmes broadcasted from the radio and television did not relate to their farming system. The important constraints faced by the kinnow growers in utilizing DHO/HDO were regarding their availability and poor knowledge of horticulture. The farmers faced difficulty to visit the university and search the scientist and they said that few scientists have got expertise on kinnow crop. Non-availability of quality inputs, high cost of insecticides/pesticides and fungicides, inadequate weed control in kinnow production, low production due to unfavorable weather condition, absence of agro-processing units, lack of knowledge of current advances on kinnow production, lack of guidance for controlling insect pests/diseases were considered the most serious constraints by the kinnow growers. All these constraints can be minimized by providing trainings to the farmers and by distributing literature regarding technical know-how to the farmers as it requires specialized skills in certain operations. The facility of modern communication technology can also play an important role in mitigating these constraints.

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

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