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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATORY AND GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF CLOVE OIL IN BROILER CHICKEN(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Parmar Jaydipkumar Kantibhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaTo assess immunomodulatory activity, a total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups each of 12 chicks. Group I served as control and given basal diet without clove oil and vitamin E and selenium. Group II served as standard control and given vitamin E and selenium containing proprietary product in water at the dose rate of 1.5 grams per 100 birds for first two weeks and 5 grams per 100 birds for next 3 weeks. The remaining groups III, IV and V were given clove oil at the dose rate of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg diet, respectively. This study was conducted for 35 days. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response at two different doses (100 μg and 200 μg) of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was carried out to assess cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titers against Newcastle Disease Virus vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and albumin to globulin ratio (A/G). On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared and stained with field’s stain to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds of all groups were sacrificed and tissues like thymus, spleen and bursa were collected for histopathological examinations.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMMUNOMODULATORY AND GROWTH PROMOTING EFFECTS OF CINNAMON OIL IN BROILER CHICKEN(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2020) Goswami Bhavingiri Gautamgiri; Dr. S. K. BhavsarTo assess immunomodulatory activity, a total of 60 chicks were divided randomly to 5 groups each of 12 chicks. Group I served as control and was given basal diet without cinnamon oil and vitamin E & selenium. Group II served as standard control and was given vitamin E & selenium containing proprietary product in water at the dose rate of 1.5 grams per 100 birds for first two weeks and 5 grams per 100 birds for next 3 weeks. The remaining groups III, IV and V were given cinnamon oil at the dose rate of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg diet, respectively. This study was conducted for 35 days. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) response at two different doses (100 μg and 200 μg) of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was carried out to assess the cell mediated immunity on 14th day of age. Blood was collected on 7th, 21st and 35th day of age and serum was separated to estimate antibody titers against ND vaccine by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and biochemical parameters like serum total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and A/G ratio. On 35th day, thin blood smears were prepared and stained with field’s stain to determine differential leucocyte counts microscopically. At the end of the experiment, birds of all groups were slaughtered and tissues like thymus, spleen and bursa were collected for histopathological examinations.ThesisItem Open Access ANTI-BACTERIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SAFETY STUDIES OF CLOVE OIL IN RATS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2019) Humbal Brijesh Rajeshbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaThe present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial, in vivo anti-inflammatory (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) effects and safety of clove oil (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) following repeated oral administration in wistar rats.ThesisItem Open Access ANTI-BACTERIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND SAFETY STUDIES OF CINNAMON OIL IN RATS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University, Anand, 2019) Prajapati Jaiminkumar Arvindbhai; Dr. A. M. ThakerScreening of cinnamon oil for antibacterial activity was done by the disc diffusion method. It was performed using an 18 h culture at 37°C in 10 ml of Muller Hinton Agar (for S. agalactiae 5% defibrinated sheep blood was added). The test suspension was standardized to match 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. The Cinnamon oil was suspended in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide with tween 80. Under aseptic condition, empty sterilized discs were impregnated with 50 μl of different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20) of the respective Cinnamon oil and placed on the agar plate surface. Paper disc moistened with aqueous DMSO was placed on the seeded petriplate as a vehicle control. Standard disc containing antibacterial drugs (cefotaxime, ampicillin, tetracycline and gentamicin) were used as reference control. The petri plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was measured.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF LINUM USITATISSIMUM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS(COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018) Kapuriya Pankajkumar Batukbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaThe present study was conducted to evaluate antidiabetic effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of L. usitatissimum following repeated oral administration for 28 days in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The study was conducted on fifty four (54) male Sprague dawley rats dividing them in various groups having six rats in each group. Group I served as vehicle control and received 0.5 % solution of sodium bicarbonate in normal saline orally once daily for 28 days. Group II served as diabetic control and received streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally at the dose rate of 60 mg/kg body weight, by dissolving in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) solution. Rats of group III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX also received STZ at the same way. Group III received glibenclamide at dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight (p.o.) once daily after establishment of diabetes for 28 days. Group IV, V and VI received aqueous extract of L. usitatissimum seeds at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively (p.o.) once daily, while group VII, VIII and IX received alcoholic extract of L. usitatissimum seed at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively once daily for 28 days.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHARMACOKINETICS AND SAFETY OF GEMIFLOXACIN IN BROILER BIRDS(Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Anand Agricultural University Anand, 2017) Gohel Rahulkumar Harsukhbhai; Dr. K. A. SadariyaGemifloxacin is a newer, fourth-generation fluoroquinolone drug that exhibits broad spectrum of antibacterial activity than the older fluoroquinolones. The present study was designed to investigate the detailed pharmacokinetics of gemifloxacin in broiler birds following single dose intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration at the rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight and also evaluate safety of repeated oral administration of gemifloxacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight for five days in broiler birds was also studied by monitoring heamatology and blood biochemistry parameters. Drug concentration in plasma was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental approach.ThesisItem Open Access IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SUBACUTE ACEPHATE EXPOSURE IN WHITE LEGHORN COCKEREL BIRDS(AAU, Anand, 2006) TRIPATHI, SYAMANTAK MANI; THAKER, A. M.Acephate (Ace), a water-soluble insecticide, belongs to the phosphoramidothioate group of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10-15 days. It is being widely used for the protection of vegetables and fruits due to its activity against lepidopterans and aphids. As this insecticide is in use as crop protectant, it is likely to cause indirect exposure in poultry through contamination of feed, soil and ground water (in very low amount) and hence, the present study was conducted in Day old White Leghorn Cockerels birds; approximate medium lethal dose (ALD50) of Acephate taken into consideration for the study was 852mg/kg. One hundred twenty five birds were divided into five different groups each comprising 25 birds. The birds of group Ci were given no treatment and served as control. Group C2 were administered groundnut oil (Iml/kg) and served as control (vehicle). Group T1 was put onl/40th of ALD50 (21.3 mg/kg), while group T2 received 1/30th of ALD50 (28.4 mg/kg) and group T3 was administered withl/20th of ALD50 (42.6 mg/kg) of Acephate suspended in 1 ml of groundnut oil. Once daily oral dosing was carried out for 28 days. All the birds were monitored for any observable toxic symptoms throughout the experimental period and they were also weighed weekly to monitor body weight gain. The blood samples were collected before sacrificing the birds on day 15 (after 14 days oral dosing) and day 29 (after 28 days oral dosing) of the study and were analyzed for hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters. Organ (liver, spleen, bursa and thymus) weights were recorded and organs (liver, spleen, bursa thymus, lung, and kidney) were collected for histopathological examinations. Severity and extent of the clinical signs varied according to dosage administered to the birds. The clinical symptoms observed were sudden onset of depression, reduced feed intake, dullness, ruffled feathers, cyanosis of comb, green diarrhea and severe limb weakness and some time paralysis. During the study period 6-8 birds died. Nervine symptoms like tremor, head down condition and torticolis were noticed only for few minutes before death. There was a reduction in the body weight of the Acephate treated birds. No alteration had been recorded in haematological parameters (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count) due to Acephate exposure. Dose dependent significant increase in blood glucose due to administration of Acephate was observed. A significant dose dependent increase in Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase and non significant increase in Lactate Dehydrogenase level of the birds treated with the Acephate indicates its systemic effect. A significant decrease in serum proteins during study was observed. A significant decrease in serum albumin and globulin were observed on 28th day of study. During the experimentation, Acephate had dose dependent immunosuppressive effect on Humoral immune response of birds from 28th day of experimentation. These findings indicate significant effect on protein metabolism and humoral immune response at the administered doses of Acephate. Cellular immunity was not affected as tested by DNCB dye test. Present study revealed that Acephate at administered doses seems to be toxic for multiple systems in growing WLH birds. Gross postmortem and histopathological changes in various organs of birds treated with Acephate were observed with typical organophosphate dose dependent toxicity signs. Microscopic changes observed in different organs viz. liver, lung, kidney spleen, thymus and bursa were of typical to organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Though, Acephate has been reported mild to moderately toxic to the birds; it seems that doses of Acephate given in the present study produce mild toxicity to multiple body systems of growing birds including immune system.ThesisItem Open Access TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SHROT TERM EXPOSURE OF BANTAMIZED WHITE LEGHORN BIRDS TO ACEPHATE(AAU, Anand, 2005) PATEL, NILENKUMAR P.; Thaker, A. M.The present study was conducted in 8 to 10 week old Bantamized White Leghorn birds; approximate medium lethal dose (ALD50) of Acephate use for the study was 852mg/kg. Ninety birds were divided into six different groups. The birds of group Ci was given no treatment and served as control. Group C2 was administered groundnut oil (1 ml/kg) and served as control (vehicle). Group T1 was given l/10th of ALD50 (85.2 mg/kg). Group T2 was put on 1/20th of ALD50 (42.6 mg/kg), while group T3 received 1/30th of ALD50 (28.4 mg/kg) and group T4 was administered with 1/40th of ALD50 (21.3 mg/kg) of Acephate suspended in 1 ml of groundnut oil. Once daily oral dosing was carried out for 28 days. All the birds were monitored for any observable toxic symptoms throughout the experimental period and they were also weighed weekly to monitor body weight gain. The blood samples were collected from wing vein at weekly interval and were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. After 28 days of administration of Acephate birds were sacrificed and organs (lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, brain and testes) were collected for histopathological examinations. Severity and extent of the clinical signs varied according to dosage administered to the birds. The clinical symptoms observed were sudden onset of depression, reduced feed intake, dullness, ruffled feathers, cyanosis of comb, green diarrhea and severe limb weakness and some time paralysis. Mortality was observed from third week which was in dose dependent manner. Nervine symptoms like tremor, head down condition and torticolis were noticed only for few minutes before death. There was a reduction in the body weight of the insecticide treated birds. No alteration had been recorded in haematological parameters (hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count) due to Acephate exposure. Dose dependent significant increase in blood glucose due to administration of Acephate was observed. A significant dose dependent increase in Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase level of the birds treated with the insecticide after 7 days of treatment indicates their systemic effect. Increase in the triglyceride was observed in treated birds. A significant decrease in serum proteins during study was recorded. Dose dependent increase in the alkaline phosphatase was observed. During the experimentation, Acephate at all the doses inhibited acetylcholinesterase indicating neurotoxicity due to administration of Acephate. Present study revealed that though Acephate is moderately toxic to the birds; it seems to be toxic for multiple systems in growing birds at given dosage. Gross postmortem and histopathological changes in various organs of birds treated with Acephate were observed with typical organophosphate dose dependent toxicity signs. Microscopic changes observed in different organs viz. lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis and brain which were typical to insecticide poisoning. Though Acephate has been reported moderately toxic to the birds at the doses administered in this study produce toxicity to multiple systems of growing birds used in the studyThesisItem Open Access Comparative Evaluation of Dexamethasone Induced CYP3A and CYP2H1 Gene Expression by Quantitative RT-PCR in Bantam, Bantamized White Leghorn and White Leghorn Chicks(AAU, Anand, 2004) KALIA, ANIL KUMAR; Sarvaiya, J. G.The present work was planned to study induction of CYP3A and CYP2HI genes by Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Quantitative RT-PCR in Bantam, Bantamized White Leghorn and White Legiiorn chicles. Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue samples using Tri Reagent based method. The quantity of extracted RNA was assessed spectrophotometrically at 260/280nm, and it ranged from 1.7 to 2.0 OD suggesting good quantity of RNA extraction. The quality of extracted RNA was checked by 1% formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis and it showed bands at 28s, 18s and 5s rRNA subunits suggesting good integrity of RNA. First strand cDNA was synthesized using one step RT-PCR Kit. The PCR was performed and the product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis which yielded targeted amplification of 1107 bp, 1567 bp and 486 bp amplicon for CYP3A, CYP2HI and p-actin genes, respectively. β-actin (house keeping gene) was used as an internal control for normalization of CYP3A and CYP2H1 gene transcripts. Quantitative RT-PCR was done to quantify gene expression level of CYP3A and CYP2H1 genes. Four end points were selected for sample dropping at 26th, 31st 36rd and 41st cycles to perform Quantitative RT-PCR. The quantity of expressed genes was detected by Gene tool software using 1 kb DNA ladder having concentration of 7.1 ng/0.5 μl at 500 bp as reference. Relative expression ratio of CYP3A and CYP2H1 genes was calculated by Relative Expression Software Tool (REST), It was found that CYP3A is up regulated by a factor of 1.271 and 1.2 in Bantam and White Leghorn chicks, respectively and down regulated by a factor of 11.385 in Bantamized White Leghorn chicks. In Bantamized White Leghorn and White Leghorn chicks CYP2H1 gene was down regulated by factor 1.68 and 1.3 respectively, but up regulated by a factor of 1.126 in case of Bantam chicks. The PCR efficiency ranged from 1.4 to 1.9, 1.36 to 1.8 and 1.36 to 4.4 for CYP3A, CYP2H1 and P-actin genes, respectively in Bantam, Bantamized White leghorn and White Leghorn chicks.
