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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN MINERALS AND VITAMINS ON THE SPERM MOTILITY AND MEMBRANE INTEGRITY IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SURAJ KUMAR, A. C; RENUKARADHYA G. J)The present study was conducted on six clinically healthy male dogs presented to small animal clinics of the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, with a history of failure to impregnate even after mating with three or more female dogs. The study was designed to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of certain minerals (calcium, zinc and iron) and vitamins (vitamin-E and folic acid) in augmenting fertility and serum mineral and vitamin profile estimation in infertile male dogs. All the dogs were supplemented with tablets containing minerals and vitamins for 90 days. Semen evaluation was performed before and after supplementation on days 30, day 60 and day 90. Significant difference was not observed in mean semen volume and pH before and after supplementation. However, significant improvement was observed in the semen parameters viz. sperm concentration, motility parameters, percentage of live sperm, morphologically normal sperm, plasma membrane and acrosome membrane intact sperm from day 60 post supplementation which corresponds to the normal physiological length of total duration of spermatogenesis in dogs. Mineral and vitamin profile before supplementation was below the lower threshold range, which could be the reason for poor fertility status of the study dogs, after completing 90 days of supplementation period, serum mineral and vitamin profile was within the physiological range. Dietary supplementation of minerals and vitamins besides a balanced diet can be considered as cheap and safe alternative within an innovative multimodal approach to improve reproductive performances in healthy dogs. Keywords: Male dogs, impregnate, supplementation, reproductive performancesThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH CANINE PYOMETRA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2022) SHRAVYA B. L.; B. M. RAVINDRANATHThe study was conducted to ascertain the hemato-biochemical, ultrasonographic and histopathological changes associated with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)- pyometra in dogs and also to correlate uterine wall thickness with heamato-biochemical and histopathological changes. Dogs presented to clinic at the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics were selected for the present study. Ten healthy diestrual dogs were considered as control animals (Group I) whereas, twenty CEH- pyometra affected dogs (Group II) selected for the study were further subdivided into Group II-A and Group II-B based on the mean uterine wall thickness. Blood samples were collected from all the animals before ovariohysterectomy and hemato-biochemical parameters were determined using semi auto analyser. Uterine tissue samples collected from all the animals after ovariohysterectomy were subjected for histopathological evaluation. In the present study, nulliparous animals with mean age of 7.18 ± 0.54 years were mostly affected. On transabdominal ultrasonography, an increase in the uterine wall thickness (4.28 ± 0.32 mm) and uterine horn diameter (32.85 ± 13.75 mm) was observed in CEHpyometra cases. Absolute leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia were prominent hematological changes whereas, elevation in BUN, creatinine, ALT and total protein level along with hypoalbuminemia were significant findings in serum biochemical profile of dogs with CEH- pyometra complex. Considerable alterations were found in the histological architecture of uterine tissue in CEH- pyometra affected dogs compared to control dogs. However, there was no correlation between uterine wall thickness and hemato-biochemical profile and also histopathological changes in CEHpyometra affected dogs in the present study.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON SERUM OXIDATIVE STATUS AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PROFILE IN DOGS AFFECTED WITH TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR (TVT)(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2022) SHAISTA FIRDOSE; B. M. RAVINDRANATHThe present study was carried out to compare the hematobiochemical profile and serum antioxidant enzyme status of TVT affected and healthy dogs. Dogs presented to the clinic of Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics were selected for the present study. Two groups of dogs were included in the study. Group I comprised of healthy dogs (n=12) and Group II (n=12) involved TVT affected dogs. Based on clinical signs, nature of lesions, impression smear cytology and histopathology, TVT was confirmed in 12 dogs. Blood samples were collected from both the group of dogs for hematobiochemical parameters and antioxidants evaluation. Quantification of the antioxidant enzyme activity was done using a microplate reader. In the present study, male dogs and dogs belonging to the age group of 2-4 years were the most affected. Among the various breeds of dogs, highest occurrence was found in Labradors. Clinical signs included hemorrhagic discharge from the external genitalia, licking of genitalia and foul odour. A significant leukocytosis with neutrophilia, significantly higher ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and significantly lower catalase (CAT) activity were the prominent findings in haematobiochemical profile of dogs with TVT. Histopathology revealed tumor cells arranged in confluent sheets or rows within the stroma of thin fibrous connective tissue. Frequent mitotic structures were seen in the TVT cells along with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the connective tissue stroma. Further studies involving essentially large sample size may throw better light to draw more conclusive inferences by evaluating other oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters in dogs with TVT.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF INTRAVAGINAL STEROIDAL AND NON-STEROIDAL DRUGS IN ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN EWES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) PUJARA SURAPPA; NARASIMHA MURTHYThe present study was conducted with the objective of comparing the efficacy of steroidal (Avikesil-S®) and non-steroidal (Letrozole) drugs combined with PGF2α in estrus synchronization in ewes maintained at department of LFC, VCH, Bengaluru. Twenty four apparently healthy non pregnant ewes were randomly alloted into two groups with 12 each. Group I and Group II was treated with intravaginal Letrozole sponges and Avikesil-S® sponges for seven days, respectively. All the ewes were injected (i.m) with 125 μg of PGF2ɑ at the time of sponge removal. Trans rectal ultrasound scanning was done on day 0, 3 and 7th day post sponge insertion. The number and size of follicles on ovaries did not differ between both the groups on day 0 and 3 but difference in number between Group I (2.83 ± 0.40) and Group II (1.83 ± 0.17) was recorded on day 7. The ewes were kept under observation until pregnancy diagnosis on day 30 post mating using Ultrasound. Cent per cent sponge retention was documented among the study groups with 83.33 per cent estrus response. The interval to estrus in Group I (89.4 ± 2.24 h) was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than in Group II (45.59 ± 1.57 h). However, the conception rate (70.00 % vs 50.00 %) and duration of estrus (34.85 ± 1.83 h vs 34.7 ± 1.31 h) did not differ statistically (P>0.05) between the group I and II, but the conception rate in Group I is higher when compared to Group II. Key words: Ewes, Estrus synchronization, Letrozole, Avikesil-S®, Reproductive parameters.ThesisItem Open Access DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF GONADECTOMY STATUS IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 226, 2022) KARTHIK, K.V.; A. SAHADEVThe study was carried out in 37 (21 male and 16 female) dogs with an objective to record relative efficacies of various methods to ascertain whether are sterilized or not. Based on different diagnostic methods viz., history and clinical signs, physical examination and ultrasonography, the dogs were categorized into four groups. Group I - gonadectomized dogs (n=10; Male 5 & Female 5), Group II - intact dogs before and after gonadectomy (n=16; Male 8 & Female 8), Group III - dogs with ovarian remnant syndrome (n=3) and Group IV - dogs with either unilateral/bilateral cryptorchidism (n=8). All the dogs were subjected to serum AMH estimation. The mean AMH level in intact male dogs, castrated and cryptorchid dogs was 16.20 ± 1.44, 0.57 ± 0.06 and 24.90 ± 0.79 ng/mL, respectively. The mean AMH value was 5.14 ± 0.54, 3.20 ± 1.54 and 0.26 ± 0.02 ng/mL in intact female, ORS and spayed dogs, respectively. Relative efficacy of other methods was compared to ascertain the gonadectomy status by considering AMH as the standard. The relative efficacy based on history and clinical signs was 85.71% (male) and 100% (female), on physical examination was 61.90% (male) and 43.75% (female), whereas with transabdominal ultrasonography 71.42% (male) and 18.75% (female) accuracy was recorded in this study. Thus, single measurement of serum AMH concentration was highly effective in distinguishing gonadectomized from intact adult dogs. In addition, this test also accurately identified several cases of ovarian remnant syndrome and cryptorchidism which were failed to identify using other methods. Key words: Dogs, gonadectomy status, AMH, cryptorchid, ORS, ultrasonographyThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON OCCURENCE AND DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE BRUCELLOSIS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 226, 2022) BALANGOUDA MALLANAGOUDA PATIL; A. SAHADEVA study on occurrence and diagnosis of canine brucellosis was carried out on female dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology Obstetrics clinics, Veterinary College, Bengaluru. A total of 44 female dogs were screened with complaints of abortion (Group-I), history of abortion and mummification (Group-II) and premature birth, still birth and conception failure (Group-III) using ICA (Brucella canis specific) and PCR (genus and species specific). Twenty-six dogs were found positive on bcsp31 PCR (genus-specific) where 9 animals were positive in blood, 9 in tissue (vaginal discharge/washing/aborted tissue) and 8 dogs were found positive on both blood and tissue samples. Out of these, 18 animals belonged to Group-I, 3 to Group-II and 5 to Group-III. Further, the samples were subjected to AMOS and B. canis specific PCR and 16 dogs were found positive for Brucella abortus, 5 animals for B. canis and 5 dogs for both the organisms. In Group-I, 9 dogs were positive for B. abortus, 5 for B. canis and 4 animals for both the species. Group-II had 2 B. abortus positive dogs and 1 dog positive for both the species. Group-III revealed 5 brucella abortus positive dogs. None of the dogs were positive for Brucella ovis and Brucella suis. ICA didn’t show any positive results. Haemetobiochemical studies revealed no significant variation within or between the groups except for mean TLC values between total brucella positive which was significantly higher compared to negative dogs with clinical signs. Current study revealed PCR is highly sensitive for diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Key words: Immunochromatographic assay (ICA), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), bcsp 31, AMOS, Canine brucellosis.ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE AND ZOONOTIC IMPORTANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BUFFALOES IN BIDAR DISTRICT(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY BIDAR-585226, 2023) SHWETA; M. K. TANDLEThe present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and animal handlers (human). A total of 150 serum and 150 milk samples were collected from five talukas of Bidar district and subjected to RBPT, MRT and I-ELISA for confirmation of brucellosis in buffaoes. A total of 30 sera from animal handlers were subjected to RBPT, STAT and I-ELISA. The overall prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes was found to be 12.66 percent, 8.66 percent and 21.33 percent by RBPT, MRT and I-ELISA respectively. Higher prevalence of brucellosis was recorded by I-ELISA followed by RBPT and STAT in animal handlers. I-ELISA test revealed that prevalence of brucellosis in animal handlers was 30.00 percent and in case of buffaloes 21.33 percent. On age-wise study, the higher prevalence was noticed in the 4-6 year age group followed by above 6 year age group and 1-4 years age group. Bufaloes with the history of reproductive disorders have higher prevalence. To conclude, I-ELISA test is highly sensitive and better diagnostic tool compared to other tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis in buffaloes.ThesisItem Open Access EARLY DETECTION OF PREGNANCY BY DIFFERENT METHODS AND DETERMINATION OF GESTATIONAL AGE BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN BIDRI GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) DINESH; R. G. BIJURKARThe primary goal of the current study was to evaluate the accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis and gestational age estimation in Bidri goats. The progesterone concentrations were 0.50±0.08, 3.03±0.35, 3.73±0.35 and 5.04±0.33 ng/ml on day 1, 17, 21 and 30 post breeding in does with significant difference (P<0.05 ) and less than 0.54ng/ml in all non-pregnant Bidri does. P4 estimation was proven to be a helpful method to identify pregnancy with the best accuracy (100.00%) on day 30. The PAG concentrations were 3.19± 0.46, 4.45± 0.62 and 5.59± 0.79ng/ml on day 17, 21 and 30 post breeding in does and less than 0.68 ng/ml in all non-pregnant Bidri does. PAG estimation was proven to be a helpful method to identify pregnancy with the high accuracy (90 %) on day 30. Draminski pregnancy detector can detect pregnancy from day 58 to 120 post breeding with 85 % accuracy. Barium chloride test yielded with accuracy of 55 %, 60 %, 70 %, 75 % and 85 % on day 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 post breeding respectively. Trans-rectal ultrasonography reported with accuracy of 55 %, 85 % and 100 % on day 21, 24 and 30 post breeding respectively. Greater values are suggestive of VER on day 18 after breeding, with accuracy rates of 65% and 100% from day 18-21 and 22-30 post-breeding respectively. The gestational age of Bidri goats was estimated using the GSD as early as day 24 of gestation, which was shown to be a useful and accurate tool. Foetal CRL by transabdominal means was calculated from day 35 to day 60, BPD from day 35 to 80 and PD from 45 to 80 post breeding.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND FOLLICULAR FLUID SUPPLEMENTATION ON IN-VITRO MATURATION OF OOCYTES IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) CHANDRA SHEKARA NAIK; R. G. BIJURKAR)The present experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of L-ascorbic acid and goat follicular fluid on in-vitro maturation of goat. The mean oocyte recovery rate per ovary was significantly (p<0.05) higher in slicing (8.55 ±0.47) as compared to aspiration (3.98 ±0.19) and puncture (3.59 ±0.23) method. These recovered oocytes graded as grade I (Good), grade II (Fair), grade III (Poor) i.e, mean oocytes per ovary in aspiration technique 1.17±0.05, 1.38 ±0.11, 1.43 ±0.09 and 0.08 ± 0.068, for slicing technique 2.11 ±0.13, 2.98 ±0.23, 3.46±0.31 and for puncture technique 1.42±0.10, 1.15±0.05, 1.02±0.10 respectively. Slicing technique showed a significant (p<0.05) difference with grade I, II and III oocytes as compared to aspiration and puncture technique. However, there is no significant (p<0.05) difference between aspiration and puncture techniques with grade I, II, and III. Further, only Grade I oocytes irrespective techniques selected for the experiment. In vitro maturation was carried in IVM medium supplemented with G-III (Goat follicular fluid @20%), G-II (L-ascorbic acid @ 50 μg), whereas G-I (Control) without any of these supplements. The oocytes matured in G-III (Goat follicular fluid) has shown significantly (p<0.05) higher per cent mean maturation rate and extrusion of first polar body (81.18±0.02), (58.02±0.02) than G-II (L-ascorbic acid) (72.21±0.02), (48.27±0.03) and G-I (Control) (68.28±0.02), (38.90 ±0.03). G-II (L-ascorbic acid) group has non-significant (p<0.05) in maturation rate (72.21±0.02) than G-I (Control) (68.28 ±0.02). It can be concluded from the present experiment that the supplementation of goat follicular fluid to the basic maturation medium have beneficial effect in improving in vitro maturation rate of goat oocytes.
