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ThesisItem Open Access stock structure analysis of moon mene maculata(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2022) thakare rhishikesh d; S.R.SOMASEKHARThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF MINI PURSE SEINE OPERATED WITH OUTBOARD ENGINE ALONG THE KARNATAKA COAST(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SWAMI ROHINI RAVIKANT; JAYANAIKThe study was carried out to know the catch composition of Mini Purse seine operated along with 14.2 m FRP canoe fitted with 40 HP and 25 HP outboard engine at Mangaluru and Malpe coast respectively. The fishing was carried at a depth of 10 m in both the fishing grounds. The fishing trip was carried out once in fortnight at Mangaluru and Malpe coast during the experimental study. The fuel consumptions for 40 HP was 13 litres/hr and for the 25 HP engine the fuel consumption was 20 litres/hr was observed during the study period. As per as the catch compositions are concerns 40 HP engine fitted to the traditional fishing craft was found a maximum total catch of 3000 kg/trip (30th day). Whereas, in case of 25 HP of engine the catch composition was 543.5 kg/trip (30th day). The highest catch was found for 40 HP of the engine, which could be due to on time reaching to the fishing ground. As far as the fuel efficiency/ consumptions are concerned 40 HP of the engine has consumed less fuel when compared to that of 25 HP of the engine and it could be due to the absorbance of the high resistances on the 25 HP of the engine would have been consumed more fuel and reaching the particular fishing ground lately. After observing all the above resuls, it has been noticed that 40 HP engine will be suitable for particular fishing crafts and gears operated during the study period.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON SOME ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY OF RAZORBELLY SCAD, ALEPES KLEINII (BLOCH, 1793) ALONG THE MANGALURU COAST”(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHWETHA B. C.,; KUMAR NAIK A.S.The Razorbelly scad, Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) is a reef associated, tropical marine fish species that belongs to the family Carangidae and the genus Alepes. The Body of this fish is oblong and laterally compressed. The ventral profile of the fish is more convex than dorsal profile. The chord of curved part of the lateral line is shorter than straight part and the straight part have broad and prominent scutes. The key characteristics to identifying this species are presence of a large black spot on the upper operculum and presence of dark vertical stripes above the lateral line. This species is also known as banded scad, golden scad, goggle-eye scad and locally as ‘Otubaare’. A total of 411 fish individuals comprising 186 males and 225 females ranging from 11.5 to 25.9cm size in total length (TL) were observed. The length weight relationship for male and female was W=0.0177L2.9603and W=0.0075 L3.2306 respectively. The average relative condition factor (Kn) values obtained for male and female was 1.0107 to 1.0162 respectively. The diet composed of more percentage of crustaceans (38.71%) followed by digested food matter (32.38%), teleosts (21.9%) and fish scales (5.86%) indicated carnivorous type of feeding habit. The size at first maturity for male and female was observed at a length of 15.1cm and 15.7cm (TL) respectively. The sex ratio of male : female was found to be 1:1.32 in the commercial catches, indicating the dominance of female fishes over the males in the population. The Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) values ranged from 0.97 to 3.49 in males and in females it ranged from 0.94 to 4.44. The fecundity ranged between 35,359 to 3,14,530 eggs with an average of 1,08,166 eggs per individual. The ova diameter ranged from 0.01 to 0.47mm. The maturity stages of Alepes kleinii showed that this species is a prolonged spawner, spawning from August to November with a peak in October.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT STOCKS OF CATLA (LABEO CATLA) USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHEETHAL PANATHILA; K.B.RAJANNAThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENETIC DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT STOCKS OF AMUR COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO VAR. HAEMATOPTERUS) USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SATYAVEER,; K.B.RAJANNAThree stocks of Amur common carp in different geographical locations viz. Tamil Nadu stock (Krishnagiri hatchery), Karnataka stock (Hesaraghatta) and Kolkata stock (Das fish hatchery) representing different environmental conditions were collected at selected breeding centers. The three stocks were acclimatized and reared in laboratory conditions with similar environmental and management conditions. RAPD -PCR analysis was performed for different stocks of Amur common carp. Of the 140 decamer primers screened, eight primers (OPA- 04, OPA-06, OPA-10, OPA- 20, OPB-17, OPF- 09, OPF- 10, and OPG- 9) which has given consistent and more polymorphism were selected for RAPD – PCR analysis. RAPD – PCR analysis shows that the Tamil Nadu stock shows higher polymorphism (82.38%) in comparison with the other two stocks. The higher Nei’s heterozygosity (0.2395) was observed in Tamil Nadu stock. The highest Shannon’s diversity (0.3079) was observed in Tamil Nadu stock. In terms of genetic identity and genetic distance, Kolkata and Karnataka stocks showed a maximum genetic distance of 0.5075 and a minimum Genetic identity of 0.6020. while the Kolkata and Tamil Nadu stock showed a maximum genetic identity of 0.7234 and a minimum genetic distance of 0.3238. The study also shows that Tamil Nadu stock is closely related to Kolkata stock and distantly related to Karnataka stock. Growth trials indicated better performance of Tamil Nadu stock in comparison with other stocks. The r2 value of (0.5710) between the percentage of polymorphism and mean body weight attained for different stocks of Amur common carp shows that the percentage of polymorphism and mean body weight attained are Moderate Positively correlated.ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WHITE FISH, LACTARIUS LACTARIUS (BLOCH AND J.G. SCHNEIDER, 1801) OFF MANGALURU COAST, KARNATAKA”(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SAHANA H. M.,; KUMARNAIK LThe whitefish, Lactarius lactarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) which is a monotypic species in the Family Lactariidae and it belongs to order Perciformes, has distributed all along the Indian coast. It is also called as false trevally or big-jawed jumper and is locally called as “Adai meenu” in Karnataka. Random samples of L. lactarius were collected fort-nightly from Mangaluru fish landing centre during April 2021 to January 2022. Based on the observations of total 502 samples out of which 303 were males and 199 were females ranging in size from 11.2 to 24.2 cm total length (TL) and 13 to 170.3 g total weight (TW) were used for studying the biological aspects. On analysing the gut content, it indicated that L. lactarius is a carnivorous species and the diet composed of Semi-digested matter (49.76%), teleost (23.19%), Crustaceans (17.76%) and fish scales (9.25%). The estimated size at first maturity for male and female was observed at 14.7 cm and 15 cm (TL) respectively. The overall sex-ratio of L. lactarius recorded as 1:0.65 which showed a dominance of males. The chi-square (χ2) test showed a significant difference during October, November and January. The gonado-somatic index value ranged from 0.5546 to 1.2106 in male and in females it ranged from 2.6168 to 3.7855. The highest GSI recorded during August for males and January for females. The fecundity ranged from 16,307 to 2,29,787 eggs with an average of 47,846 eggs. The ova-diameter ranged from 0.048 to 0.976 mm. The maturity stages of L. lactarius indicated that this species is a prolonged spawner, spawn throughout the year with a peak in January. The length-weight relationship for male was W= 0.0663 L 2.9284 and for females it was W=0.0768 L 2.9032. The relative condition factor (Kn) value for male and female was 1.00521 and 1.00346 respectively.ThesisItem Open Access IDENTIFICATION OF INDIAN CATFISH (CLARIAS BATRACHUS) AND AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) BY USING DNA BARCODING(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) RAJESH JAYASWAL,; K.B.RAJANNADNA barcoding has been adopted as a gold standard for a rapid, accurate and unified animal species identification system. It provides a database of genetic sequences that can be used as a tool for universal species identification. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize species of Clarias batrachus were collected from Zonal Agricultural and Horticulture Research Station, Mudigere, Shivamogga, while specimens of C. gariepinus were collected from Fish Market, Ganganagar, Bengaluru. For characterization, 27 morphometric characters, 8 meristic counts, some morphological observations and the Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes were used. Based on the morphometric characteristics, especially gill-raker count (GRC), the specimens were identified as C. gariepinus and C. batrachus. Approximately 655 bp and 563 bp genes were amplified from the 5ˈ regions of the mitochondrial gene for molecular taxonomy. Nucleotide divergences between sequences were estimated based on Kimura 2-parameter distances and genetic relationships were assessed by constructing phylogenetic trees using neighbor-joining method. The genetic distance between congeneric species was 0.141 and 0.077 for COI and 16S rRNA genes of C. batrachus; similarly, the values were 0.140 and 0.047 for COI and 16S rRNA genes of C. gariepinus, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on COI sequences revealed three different clades for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus with C. dussumieri resembling Bagarius bagarius (MT670297.1) from the GenBank database with a bootstrap score of 95 percent. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed three different clades for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus with C. dussumieri resembling Bagarius bagarius (KT878055) from the GenBank database with a bootstrap score of 82 percent.ThesisItem Open Access DNA BARCODING OF FISH SPECIES BELONGING TO FAMILY BALISTIDAE PREVALENT ALONG THE COASTAL WATERS OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) PRATIKSHA KAMANA SINGH; mridula rajeshDNA barcoding is a method promising fast and accurate identification of animal species based on the sequencing of the 16SrRNA and mitochondrial c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. In this study, we explore the prospects for DNA barcoding in fish belonging to the Balistidae family, prevalent along the coast of Karnataka. The Balistidae family comprises of 42 species and 12 genera spread throughout the world. Fish belonging to this family are commonly referred as “Triggerfish”. Morphometric and meristic analysis of 270 individual fish in this study revealed the fishes to be grouped as Abalistes stellaris, Sufflamen fraentum, and Odonus niger species. However, a Principal Component Analysis performed on statistically normalised morphometrics data showed inter- and intra-morphological variations within the species. Calculated several meristic characters of A. stellaris, S. fraenatum, and O. niger, i.e. dorsal fin spines, dorsal fin rays, anal-fin rays, pectoral fin rays, ventral spines, caudal fin rays and gill rakers are in tandem with the earlier study. Significant differences were noticed between ventral spines, caudal rays, dorsal fin rays, dorsal fin spines, and gill rakers though rest of the characteristics did not indicate any major difference. For molecular identification using DNA barcoding, sequenced the 16S as well as the mitochondrial COI gene from the 3 currently recognized balistidae fish species, and combined these data with a further sequences from available sequences in NCBI database. The 16S rRNA gene sequences in this study showed a very low level of interspecific genetic distance and the species were readily distinguishable by COI barcodes as Abalistes stellaris, Sufflamen fraenatum, and Odonus niger. We discuss the taxonomic status of these species groups in light of our data, molecular and morphological.ThesisItem Open Access “PREPARATION OF FISH SPECIMEN FOR MUSEUM EXHIBITION”(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) AKANSHA SONDHIYA; KUMAR NAIKIn the current research, fish and their internal organs are preserved through different new techniques rather than traditional method in fisheries, such as sheet plastination, glycerine mount technique, and Alizarin red stain technique. These new techniques are already implemented in various medical disciplinaries like Medical sciences and Veterinary science. This kind of preservation in fisheries is innovative for ichthyotaxonomy. These techniques can preserve the specimen for prolonged duration. In current research for sheet plastination, thin section of fish sample (3-4 mm) is preserved by following steps: fixation, dehydration, impregnated (EP), curing to preserve. By using commercial resin polymer this technique becomes inexpensive as compared to the standard plastination techniques. In the present study fish internal organ is preserved by glycerine mount technique by using following steps, fixation, dehydration, impregnation (glycerine), curing. This technique is inexpensive. Delicate internal organs can be preserved through this method for prolonged lifespan, various internal organs can be identified clearly. In Alizarin technique the skeletal system of fish is preserved by using stain called Alizarin red which stain the bones of fish without removing muscles and then stored in pure glycerine for long period of time. This method is useful for identification in skeletal deformities and ossification in different bones according to concentration of stain taken by different bones.
