IDENTIFICATION OF INDIAN CATFISH (CLARIAS BATRACHUS) AND AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) BY USING DNA BARCODING
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
DNA barcoding has been adopted as a gold standard for a rapid, accurate and unified animal species identification system. It provides a database of genetic sequences that can be used as a tool for universal species identification. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize species of Clarias batrachus were collected from Zonal Agricultural and Horticulture Research Station, Mudigere, Shivamogga, while specimens of C. gariepinus were collected from Fish Market, Ganganagar, Bengaluru. For characterization, 27 morphometric characters, 8 meristic counts, some morphological observations and the Cytochrome c Oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes were used. Based on the morphometric characteristics, especially gill-raker count (GRC), the specimens were identified as C. gariepinus and C. batrachus. Approximately 655 bp and 563 bp genes were amplified from the 5ˈ regions of the mitochondrial gene for molecular taxonomy. Nucleotide divergences between sequences were estimated based on Kimura 2-parameter distances and genetic relationships were assessed by constructing phylogenetic trees using neighbor-joining method. The genetic distance between congeneric species was 0.141 and 0.077 for COI and 16S rRNA genes of C. batrachus; similarly, the values were 0.140 and 0.047 for COI and 16S rRNA genes of C. gariepinus, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on COI sequences revealed three different clades for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus with C. dussumieri resembling Bagarius bagarius (MT670297.1) from the GenBank database with a bootstrap score of 95 percent. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed three different clades for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus with C. dussumieri resembling Bagarius bagarius (KT878055) from the GenBank database with a bootstrap score of 82 percent.