Loading...
Theses (PG)
Browse
28 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585226, 2023-12-01) RAHUL; SANDEEP HALMANDGE; VIVEK R. KASARALIKARSubclinical ketosis (SCK) in goats causes greater losses than clinical ketosis because it occurs more frequently and often cannot be detected by farmers. A total of 100 pregnant goats in last 4-6 weeks gestation were included in the study. The overall prevalence was 26.00 per cent of SCK by urine reagent strips.Whereas, prevalence of 56.00 per cent was observed based on blood BHBA test. The prevalence was highest in the goats belonging to unorganized farms. Age wise prevalence of SCK in pregnant goats was highest in 2-4 years and least in 4-6 years of age groups based on blood BHBA test. Blood samples and serum samples from affected goats were analysed for haematology and biochemical parameters. Haematological analysis showed mild erythrocytopenia and leucocytosis. Biochemical parameters like serum glucose, calcium, total protein and albumin were significantly lower, whereas blood BHBA and AST activities were significantly higher in subclinical ketosis affected goats. SCK affected goats were divided randomly into three groups consisting of 6 goats in each group and were subjected for different treatment regimens: Group I (Propylene glycol), Group II (Ketonil gel®) and Group III (25% Dextrose). After therapy haematological and biochemical parameters were found to be in normal physiological range in all treatment animals. Though all the three treatment regimes in the present study yielded improvement in various haematological and biochemical parameters. Treatment with propylene glycol and ketonil gel® revealed 100 per cent efficacy in combating SCK in pregnant goats. Keywords: Goats subclinical ketosis, Prevalence, Haemato-biochemical, Therapy.ThesisItem Open Access BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN NAGAVARA LAKE, BENGALURU(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) MANOJ M.,; SHIVAKUMAR MThe contamination of heavy metals in the aquatic environments is hazardous due to their toxicity, low solubility, persistence and biological accumulation. Lakes are important ecosystems of great value to humans and are prone to pollution from native and non-native sources also the various anthropogenic sources that interrupt the functioning of aquatic ecosystem. Fishes have been extensively examined as bioindicators of metal accumulation. Fish is an important source of food for humans, because of the pharmaceutical benefits of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which is available in fish oil. But wide ranges of contaminants, including heavy metals are continuously introduced into the aquatic environments and fish from polluted waters seriously threaten human health due to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in muscle and other tissues. On the whole pollution state of freshwater ecosystem, an experiment has been carried out to know the accumulation of four heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and different organs of Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Nagavara lake. Among the four metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any of the tissue samples of the fish. The abundance of heavy metal concentrations in the waters of study area was Zn>Cu> Pb>Cd. Whereas the abundance of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment of study area was in the sequence of Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd. The order of heavy metal accumulation in different organs of O. mossambicus was Zn>Cu>Pb-Cd in gill tissue, Zn>Cu>Pb-Cd in the muscle tissue, Zn>Cu>Pb-Cd in kidney and Zn>Cu>Pb-Cd in the liver. Key words: Nagavara lake, Bioaccumulation, Heavy metalsThesisItem Open Access TOXICITY STUDY OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATED BREWER’S SPENT GRAIN IN RATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) JAGADEESH, S.C.; SHRIDHAR, N.B.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of fungal contaminated brewer’s spent grain in rats. Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of mycotoxins present in mixed fungal culture filtrates of Rhizopus oryzae 25%, Aspergillus flavus 50% and Aspergillus nomius 25%, was conducted by gavaging it to rats. 40 Wister albino rats were divided in to four groups, 10 rats in each group of either sex. Keeping one group as control, other three groups received the mixed fungal culture filtrates at low dose (0.5 ml/100 g), medium dose (1 ml/100 g) and high dose (2 ml/100 g) rates depending on their body weights respectively. Body weight parameter and blood samples were taken on day 0, 14 and 28 days of the study. Biochemical parameters like ALT, AST, BUN, creatinine and haematological parameters like TLC, TEC, Hb, PCV and Blood clotting time were analysed. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight, significant (P<0.05) increase in ALT, AST, BUN and Creatinine serum concentration, a significant (P<0.05) fall in TLC, TEC, Hb and PCV with significant (P<0.05) increase in blood clotting time in treatment groups compared to control group rats were observed. The gross and histopathological changes revealed, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity in all the treatment groups. Thus, it was concluded from the observations in the present study that, the fungal culture filtrate had shown toxicity in rats, attributed to the presence of toxic principle in mixed fungal culture filtrates. Key words: Brewer’s spent grain, Toxicity, Rat, Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nomiusThesisItem Open Access OPTIMISATION OF PERFORMANCE IN NATIVE BIRDS OF CHICKEN FED GRADED LEVELS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) MOHAMMED UMMER FAROOQ, G.; V. NAGABHUSHANAThe study was conducted to determine the effects of different energy and protein levels on performance of native chickens in the starter (0-8 weeks) and grower phase (9-12 weeks). A total of 396 eggs were collected from backyard rearing farmers and incubated in commercial incubator, 81.5 % fertility, 63.8% TES hatchability and 78.5% FES hatchability was recorded. A total of 200 day old straight run healthy native chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and 5 replicates in each treatment which contained 10 birds each. The experimental diet during starter phase and grower phase were as per BIS (2007) recommendation for layer which was control T1, T2 10% less than T1, T3 15% less than T1 and T4 20% less than T1. The results showed that there was significant (P<0.01) difference in feed intake, body weight gain and FCR. Final body weight and average daily gain was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 and T2. There was no significant difference in digestibility, survivability and carcass traits except giblet weight yield. It was concluded that during starter phase from 0-4 weeks T2 diet (18 % CP; 2520 ME Kcal/kg), from 5-8 weeks T1 diet (20 % CP; 2800 ME Kcal/kg) and during grower phase T1 diet (16 % CP; 2500 ME Kcal/kg) was optimum for higher performance and economical in native birds chicken. Keywords: Metabolizable energy, crude protein, feed efficiency,ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN DEONI CALVES DURING SUMMER(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 401, 2023) TRUPTHI; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLURThe present study was conducted to assess effects of dietary betaine supplementation on physiological parameters, growth parameters, anti-oxidant parameters, hormonal profile, biochemical profile, and haematological profile in Deoni calves during summer stress. The study was carried out at LRIC, Deoni farm, Bidar during summer season (April-May 2021) for a period of 2 months. The THI ranged from 75.29 to 79.38 indicative to mild to moderate heat stress in calves. Ten Deoni calves were randomly divided into control and treatment group with five calves in each group. Control group was fed basal diet alone. For the treatment group, basal diet was supplemented with anhydrous betaine hydrochloride @ 5 grams per calf per day in the diet during the study period. The In the present study, rectal temperatures significantly (P< 0.05) lower from day 35 onwards, respiration rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 42 onwards and heart rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 49 onwards in betaine supplemented group. Growth parameters revealed increase in weight gain from day 21 onwards and there was increase in girth, height, and length in betaine treated group from day 28, day 42 and day 35 onwards respectively when compared to the control group during study period. Anti-oxidant profile revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in plasma LPO activity was noted on day 45 and 60 in treatment group, significant (P< 0.05) increase in the mean plasma SOD and catalase from day 45 onwards in treatment group when compared to that of control group. Hormonal profile revealed that the treatment group had significantly (P< 0.05) lower plasma cortisol and higher T4 levels from day 45 onwards compared to control group. The biochemical parameters viz., plasma glucose, plasma albumin, plasma calcium and plasma inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) whereas plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, and plasma creatinine levels were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in treatment group compared to control. TEC, Hb, PCV values revealed that there were increased at 35th, 45th and 60th day of the study. Whereas, Lymphocyte % were significantly higher and neutrophils were significantly lower in treatment group at day 60. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that betaine supplementation is economically beneficial with increased growth performance as it ameliorates the negative effects of heat stress because of its potent anti-oxidant property, enhancing hormonal and physio-biochemical balance, and also through improved haematological profile data as observed in our study. Key words: Deoni, calves, betaine, growth, antioxidant, hormoneThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OVSYNCH AND PROGESTERONE SPONGE BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS IN MANDYA SHEEP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) PRATHVIRAJ; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLURThe present study based on two estrus synchronization protocols in 30 multiparous Mandya breed of sheep. Study was carried out at the Livestock Research and Information Centre Nagamangala, KVAFSU, Bidar, during the breeding season. The ewes divided into two groups (15 each). OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 1, and Progesterone + OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 2. Blood samples from study animals were collected at day, 0, day 7, day of estrus/mating, 30 days post mating and at the time of mating. Pregnancy diagnosis were done 30 days post mating using ultrasonography The reproductive parameters such as estrus response, time for onset of estrus, rate of conception, lambing percentages, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and lambs sex ratio were recorded. Serum estrogen and progesterone were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits, and serum biochemical parameters glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed using reagent kits. The estrus response was 60.00 % for protocol 1 and 80.00 % for protocol 2. The average interval for onset of estrus were 19.00 hours for protocol 1 and 24.75 hours for protocol 2. The rate of conception during present study were 40.00 % in protocol 1 and 60.00 % in protocol 2. The lambing percentage on total ewe basis were 40 % and 60 %, lambing percentage on estrus basis were 66.60 % and 75.00 %, lambing percentage on tupping basis were 75.00 % and 90.00 % in protocol 1 and 2 respectively. The average Lamb birth weights were 1.97 kg and 2.06 Kg, Male: Female sex ratio was 1:1 and 1:1.25 for protocol 1 and 2 respectively. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher serum estrogen levels were noted at day of estrus/mating and on the day of lambing in both protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly lowest serum progesterone levels were observed at day of estrus/mating, in both the protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly (P˂ 0.05) lowest serum glucose levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum total protein and albumin levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum cholesterol levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in both protocols. Significantly lowest levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in protocol 1 and at day 0 in protocol 2 compared to all other stages of study period. Key words: Mandya ewe, Estrus synchronization, Reproductive parameter, Serum biochemistryThesisItem Open Access EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT CEPHALOSPORINS ON RESPIRATORY DISEASE OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN IN BUFFALOES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585226, 2023) MOHAMMED ZAHEER; N. A. PATIL)The aim of present study was to record the clinical and haemato-biochemical findings, to identify the bacterial causative agent, antibiogram of isolated bacteria and efficacy of different cephlosporins in respiratory disease of bacterial origin in buffaloes. The present study revealed that the occurrence of respiratory disease of bacterial origin in buffaloes was 6 per cent. Graded buffaloes and buffaloes of 6-9 years aged groups were commonly affected. The most predominant clinical signs observed in the study were anorexia, pyrexia, respiratory distress, congested mucous membrane, nasal discharge, depression, ocular discharge, coughing and open-mouth breathing. The most predominant physical examination findings were tachypnoea, tachycardia, crackles, wheezes and dyspnoea. Significant increase was recorded in parameters of rectal temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate. Haematological examination revealed a decrease in hemogram values, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Serum biochemical examination revealed an increase in total protein, aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen followed by a decrease in albumin levels. Thoracic radiography revealed pneumonic changes in lungs of affected buffaloes. Isolation and identification of nasal swab samples revealed E.coli, Pasteurella spp, Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Diplococci spp and Bacilli spp. Bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone (66.67%). Therapeutic trial in affected buffaloes revealed the efficacy of cefquinome was proved to be superior followed by ceftiofur in comparison with ceftriaxone. Cefquinome along with supportive therapy was effective in the treatment of respiratory disease of bacterial origin in buffaloes caused by multiple bacteria.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DESI CHICKENS IN BIDAR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) MEENAXI; SATISH CHANDRA BIRADARA study was undertaken to evaluate the indigenous chicken in the Bidar district of Karnataka state for their morphometric characteristics under farm conditions. The 80% of the birds had yellow skin and 20% had white skin. Red (52%) earlobes were most common, followed by white (20%) and a combination of red and white (32%). All of the birds were single-combed. The (92%) red combed and (8%) black combed birds. The birds with wattles (54%) and without wattles (46%). The plumage colours were multi-colour, brown, black and white. Yellow was the primary shank colour, followed by black, green and white. The Mean ± SE values for body weight, wing length, shank length, shank width, and keel length in the present study at 2nd week of age were 71.04 ± 1.83 g, 50.32 ± 0.69 mm, 22.60 ± 0.26 mm, 3.37 ± 0.09 mm and 24.26 ± 0.44 mm, at 6th week of age were 187.20 ± 5.66 g, 74.62 ± 0.88 mm, 34.52 ± 0.54 mm, 4.31 ± 0.07 mm and 41.59 ± 0.61 mm, at 10th week of age were 358.20 ± 9.42 g, 95.85 ± 1.09 mm, 43.95 ± 0.76 mm, 5.88 ± 0.11 mm and 55.90 ± 0.65 mm, at 14th week of age were 637.90 ± 16.44 g, 114.20 ± 1.92 mm, 59.21 ± 0.94 mm, 7.74 ± 0.13 mm and 72.24 ± 0.87 mm, at 18th week of age were 921.00 ± 28.30 g, 130.40 ± 1.59 mm, 69.19 ± 1.32 mm, 9.69 ± 0.18 mm and 88.41 ± 0.95 mm and at 22nd week of age were 1137.00 ± 36.09 g, 141.60 ± 2.38 mm, 74.07 ± 1.39 mm, 10.70 ± 0.16 mm and 101.40 ± 1.05 mm, respectively. The coefficient of determination between the age and linear body measurements like wing length, shank length, shank width and keel length was 0.99 and all the parameters are found to be significantly different. Prediction equation can be used calculate the age of the desi birds.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF POLYAXIAL LOCKING PLATE SYSTEM AND LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE FOR TIBIAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 226, 2023) CHIMKODE SHASHIKANT; D. DILIPKUMARThe research was conducted in 12 clinical cases of goats affected with tibial fractures. The goats were randomly divided into two groups with six goats in each group. The feasibility of two different techniques of ORIF using 3.5mm locking plates applied as aninternal fixatorwere evaluated using clinical, radiological and biochemical changes on pre-operative day, post-operative day 0, 15, 30, and 60. In group I, PAX, in group II LCP, were applied. All the animals showed slight to moderate weight bearing from 7th to 15th post-operative day and moderate to good weight bearing by 30th post-operative day. Good to excellent weight bearing was achieved by 60th post-operative day.Functional weight bearing was observed in all the groups by day 60. Group II (LCP) showed slightly better weight bearing throughout the period of study compared to group I. Radiological evaluation revealed, that fracture healing in all the groups was through secondary callus formation. Initiation of periosteal callus was noticed on day 15 in all the groups. Apparent bridging of the fracture site was noticed in all the groups on day 30. Cortico-medullary union was established on day 60. The complete union and initiation of remodelling of fracture was observed to be earlier in group II, compared to group I. There was no significant difference between both the groups at all the intervals of study in serum alkaline phosphatase level. There was so significant difference in serum calcium level at any intervals of study. Which was same with the levels of serum inorganic phosphorous. However, all the parameters showed rise in levels upto day 30 and returned to normal physiological range by 60th day.
