Loading...
Theses (PG)
Browse
22 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access “STUDIES ON BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MOON FISH, MENE MACULATA (BLOCH AND SCHNEIDER, 1801) OFF MANGALORE COAST”(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, KARNATAKA, 2019) Sneha Darshan, C.,; H.N.ANJANAYAPPAThe moon fish, Mene maculata is belonging to the genus Mene, family Menidae, and order Perciforms, popularly called moon fish. The present study based on the observation of a 452 total individuals ranging from 11 to 27 cm size, comprising 227 males and 225 females were collected fortnightly from Mangaluru landing centre. The length-weight relationship of M. maculata did not show any significant difference between sexes and pooled equation were drawn Log W= 0.0276 + 2.8567 Log L. The relative condition factor (Kn) values for male and female varied from 1.055-1.059 respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of gut content showed that the fish mainly fed on crustaceans, fishes and occasionally on mollusks, occurrence of the mud and sand particles in the gut indicated that the fish is bottom feeder. Active feeding observed during November and December which coincides with the post- spawning season, poor feeding was noticed in the month of February and April which indicates breeding season of the fish. The overall Sex- ratio was estimated as male: female = 1:0.99. The length at 50 % maturity was found to be 19-21 cm (TL), for male and female respectively. The Gonad-Somatic Index values ranged from 0.3794 to 2.5485 in male and in case of female, it fluctuated between 0.4245 to 3.3315. Fecundity of M. maculata varied from 1,01,051 to 2,38,875 eggs with an average of 1,66,962 eggs/female depending upon the size of the fish. The ova diameter ranged from 0.04 to 0.91mm. The species is a prolonged spawner. The proximate composition revealed that the Moisture has 71.10 %, followed by protein 23.29 %, ash 3.97 %, and fat 1.91 %.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BREEDING, LARVAL REARING AND GROW-OUT OF AMUR CARP AND LOCAL COMMON CARP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) DETTY NEBU; N. BASAWARAJThe present study was undertaken to compare the breeding, nursery and grow-out rearing of Amur carp and local strain of common carp in coastal Karnataka. The brooders of Amur and common carp were bred simultaneously with an inducing agent, Spawn pro. Observations indicated that Spawn pro (sGnRH and domperidone) induced 100% spawning in both the strains of common carp, with response time varying between 8-10 h at 27 °C and there was a significant difference in fecundity and fertilization rate between injected and uninjected fish. Amur carp was less fecund than local common carp; the average relative fecundity per gram of body weight was 102 and 157 in Amur and local common carp, respectively. The fertilization rate was not significantly different in Amur (90.81) and local common carp (84.56), whereas hatching rate and spawn survival were significantly higher in Amur (85.64 and 81.95) than local strain (74.54 and 72.3). In all the stages of growth, viz. spawn, fry and fingerling, Amur carp grew faster than local common carp. Survival rate was similar in both the strains. Amur carp did not reach fully maturity within five months of rearing, whereas 30% of local common carp was in the mature stage under the same conditions. For both sexes, the GSI was higher for local common carp than the Amur carp. The length-weight relationship indicated that Amur carp followed isometric growth at fingerling stage. The b value was higher in Amur carp (b=3.005), which confirmed that it attained weight faster than length than the local common carp, which had b value of 2.985. Relative condition factor (Kn) was higher in local common carp than that of Amur strain. Throughout the study period, Kn was above 1.0 in both the groups which indicated the good condition of fish in the rearing systems.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PLASTIC POLLUTION AND IT’S IMPACT ON BIOLOGY OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FISHES OFF MANGALURU COAST(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) YASHWINI, Y. MUTTA; S.R.SOMSHEKARThe issue of plastic pollution in the marine environment has already created a menace across all the coastal areas of the world. Monitoring is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures implemented to reduce the abundance of plastic debris. Sources of plastic marine debris found on the selected 3 stations along the Mangaluru coast were estimated. Samples were collected from 5 quadrats of 2 × 2 m for each station from January 2019 to July 2019. The total number of plastic debris varied between months and between stations with 70-224 nos. This has lead to a much larger concern regrading the presence of microplastics (MPs) (plastic debris <5mm) and its ingestion by the marine fauna. This study focuses, for the first time, on the presence of microplastics in stomach contents of 8 commerically important fishes along the Mangaluru coast, India. A total of 240 fishes were examined out of which 46 (19.16%) guts had microplastics in them. Microplastics found were of two types, fragments and fibres. The total number of microplastic found were 54, out which 87% (47) were fibres and 13% (7) were fragment, their size ranged between 0.1mm – 3.7mm. The presence of secondary microplastics in the fish has shown that the microplastic pollution of the area is mainly due to the coastal plastic pollution. These results are very important to crub plastic and microplastic pollution around the coastline, and public awareness of the harmful effects of these microplastics is neededThesisItem Open Access UTILISATION OF GROUPER PROCESSING WASTE FOR THE RECOVERY OF PROTEINS AND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ISOLATE HYDROLYSATES(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) UZAIR SHAFIQ; C.V.RAJUThe recovery of proteins from fish processing waste for human consumption is useful for better utilization of available resources. Proteins from grouper (Epinephelus diacanthus) fillet frames were recovered using isoelectric solubilization method. Effect of process variables like pH, time, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio and centrifugation speed on recoveries were studied. pH, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio and centrifugation speed were found to have significant effect (p < 0.05) on protein recoveries. The optimized conditions for extraction found were- pH-11.0 for alkali aided process and pH 3.0 for acid aided processes. Extraction time–120min, weight of homogenate to solvent volume ratio-1:6 and centrifugation speed–10000 rpm. During isoelectric solubilisation, lipids, myoglobin and pigment contents were reduced by 82.69, 93.91, 79.59% respectively in alkali aided isolate while in acid aided isolate the reduction percentage was 82.04, 90.77, 70.79% for lipid, myoglobin and total pigment respectively. The colour of the isolates also increased significantly (p< 0.05) as compared to raw material. Hydrolysates were prepared from the recovered protein isolates by using two enzymes – alcalase and papain. Hydrolysis conditions like E/S ratio, pH, hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time were optimized for both enzymes. The degree of hydrolysis was more in hydrolysates prepared by using alcalase than papain. Significant difference (p< 0.05) was found in DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power assay in mince and protein isolate hydrolysates. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in EAI, ESI, FC and FS of the hydrolysates prepared by using alcalase and papain.ThesisItem Open Access “EVALUATION OF BIOFILM OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA FOR ORAL VACCINATION OF AMUR COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO HAEMATOPTERUS)”(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SOWNDARYA, N. S.,; K.S.RAMESHBiofilm of Aeromonas hydrophila oral vaccination was used to evaluate the effect on growth, antibody titre, hematological, immunological responses and disease resistance to A. hydrophila in Amur common carp fingerlings. 60 days trial with Biofilm, free cell and control diet in triplicates was conducted vaccinated for a period of 20 days (fed with vaccinated feed) and remaining 40 days were fed with control diet. Results indicated that SGR, mean weight gain, ADG, PER was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and FCR was best in the biofilm vaccinated group of fish as compared to that of free cell vaccine and control. No mortality was observed during the experimental period. Biofilm vaccine had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the hematological, antibody response, immunological and serum biochemical indices. RBC, WBC, thrombocytes, hemoglobin and PCV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated groups, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in MCV, MCH and MCHC between the control, free cell and biofilm vaccine. Biofilm vaccinated fish had a higher (p < 0.05) antibody response than other groups. Super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity and serum protein was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated group but serum glucose and cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the biofilm vaccinated group. Biofilm vaccinated group of fish showed higher RPS (87%) than free cell vaccinated group of fish (40%).ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS FROM THE SKIN MUCUS OF ROHU (LABEO ROHITA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SHIVANI, D. GOWDA; K.S.RAMESHTeleost mucosal immunity has become the discipline of unrivalled research studies in recent years because of its diversity and defining characteristics. Skin mucus is increasingly used as a source for determining immunity-related proteins and enzymes. The aim of the present study is to understand the mucosal immunity of commercially important freshwater fish, rohu (Labeo rohita) by evaluating the immune components from its skin mucus. The study was conducted between healthy and parasite (Argulus) infested fish. Also, stress challenge was achieved with two experiments, acute crowding for 0, 2, 24 and 48 hrs; and hypoxia exposure for 0, 1 and 3 min. The IgM levels exhibited significant difference (p<0.05) between healthy and infested skin mucus as well as in case of all the experimental groups under stress challenge. SDS-PAGE, under denaturing condition gave several prominent bands of protein for healthy and infested skin mucus, wherein bands of infested sample were highly expressed comparatively; in case of stress challenge, all the experimental groups displayed protein bands. A strong antibacterial activity was observed by inhibiting the growth of tested fish pathogenic bacteria with the formation of inhibition zone. The skin mucosal lysozyme activity evidenced high significant difference (p<0.05) between healthy and infested samples. Parallel findings were observed under stress challenge for different experimental groups of acute crowding and hypoxia exposure. These results provide preliminary information for a better understanding of the role of epidermal mucus and its components in the fish innate immune system.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE EXTENSION OF PANGASIUS FILLETS (Pangasius hypophthalmus)(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SHIFANI UCHIL; S.SIDDAPPAJIThe aim of the present study was to study the combined effect of gamma irradiation and low temperature storage on the microbial and biochemical quality of fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). Samples were divided into two main packs, each of the main packs were subdivided to four separate lots, one being the control and rest of the three were exposed to 1.0 kGy 3.0 kGy and 5.0 kGy levels of gamma irradiation and the packs were stored in iced and refrigerated condition. The influence of irradiation on iced and refrigerated samples were evaluated for microbial, biochemical and sensory attributes. Microbial parameters like total plate count showed a reduction and absence of pathogens in iced (0 ± 2°C) and refrigerated (6 ± 2°C) storage in comparison to control for 12 and 21 days respectively. Biochemical parameters like PV, TBARS, and TVBN increased gradually during storage period signifying the quality deterioration as duration of storage increased. The sensory scores for overall acceptability were found to be decreased in control samples compared to iced and refrigerated stored samples. The study showed that low dose, gamma irradiation can be applied to improve biochemical safety indices and to extend the shelf life of pangasius fish fillets up to 12 days at ice and 21 days at refrigerated storage without adverse effects on the quality and acceptability. Gamma irradiation at 3KGy was observed to be best treatment, because it recorded the highest values of all quality parameters. In addition, the current studies showed the synergistic effect of the two preservation methods, food irradiation and ice/refrigerated storage, on extending the shelf life of pungasius fish fillets.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF COMBINED EFFICACY OF SYNTHESIZED DOUBLE STRANDED RNA (dsRNA) SPECIFIC TO STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL GENES OF WSSV IN PROTECTING LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI FROM WSSV INFECTION(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) SHAIK THAHUR AHAMED; M.N.VENUGOPALRNA interference (RNAi) is a potential strategy to control shrimp viral diseases, including the white spot disease (WSD) caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Although a significant progress has been achieved on dsRNA mediated anti-virus strategy development, there is still no treatment available to control spread of the disease. This investigation has mainly focused on utilizing viral structural and non-structural proteins subunit vaccines to protect the host. In the present study the protective and therapeutic efficacy of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting structural (VP281) and nonstructural gene (RR2) of WSSV singly and in combination in controlling viral multiplication in Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated by intramuscular injection. The suppression effects of shrimp mortality by either combined dsRNAs of RR2 and VP281 or dsRNA-RR2 & VP281 alone was monitored for 15 days after viral challenge in both protective and therapeutic experiments. Targeting the combination of RR2 and VP281 genes provided better protection (90% survival) compared to RR2 (80%) and VP281 (70%) in protective experiment indicating that targeting a combination of RR2 and VP281 would be effective in limiting WSSV multiplication. In therapeutic experiment, 80% of shrimp survivals were detected from combined dsRNAs treatment, while RR2, VP281 showed survival rates of 70% and 60 % respectively, suggesting that the combination of dsRNAs can therapeutically clear existing WSSV in shrimp after a relatively short time of injecting.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ICHTHYOFAUNAL DIVERSITY IN ESTUARINE SYSTEM OF KUNDAPURA REGION.(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019) PRASHANTH, R.,; H.N.ANJANAYAPPACoastal ecosystems of Karnataka situated closer to the Western ghats which are considered as one of the global biodiversity hotspots. In view of this, this study on ichthyofaunal diversity of estuarine system of Kundapura region gives important insights to the abundance and seasonality of fish diversity. From August 2018 - May 2019, a total of 64 species encountered that belonging to (49) genera, (36) families and (10) orders. Among them, Nematalosa nasus was found to be the most dominant species. Out of 10 orders, the order Perciformes stands first, comprised of 23 families represented by 37 species and the order Clupiformes ranked second with 3 families represented by 8 species. The seasonal abundance of ichthyofaunal diversity recorded during pre-monsoon (Feb-May) > post-monsoon (Oct-Jan) > monsoon (Aug-Sep). The diversity indices including Margalef’s richness index (d), Shannon-wiener index (H') (at log 10), Simpson index (ʎ) and Pielou’s evenness (J') were calculated. The K- dominance curve plot showed the diversity of species was high near the estuarine region and at the bar mouth region. These are showing closely similar diversity and proved that the number of species (richness) more near the estuarine region. Bray-Curtis similarity index revealed that the maximum similarity was found between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at S2 and S1 station. The same pattern was also evident in the MSD plot and the stress valve, which was overlain on the MSD plot (0.1, 0.1 and 0.08), showed a good ordination of the samples collected. Panchagangavalli estuary gives breeding and feeding ground for many commercially important fishes, In fisheries point of view it is a very sensitive zone, So it should be protected from all man-made disturbance legitimately, to enrich and sustain the biodiversity for the future.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »