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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FRESH BANANA PLANT WASTE AND ITS SILAGE ON DRY MATTER INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN PARAMETERS IN OSMANABADI KIDS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2015-01-01) SHIVARAM N. PATIL; T. THIRUMALESHGrowth trial of twelve weeks duration comprised two phases of six weeks each was carried out on 15 kids (8-11 months; 16 kg body weight) which were divided into three groups of 5 kids each and were fed either control diet (T1), fresh banana plant waste (FBPW) plus CFM (T2), and fresh banana plant waste silage (FBPWS) plus CFM (T3) in Phase-I. In phase-II, for all the treatment groups red gram straw (RGS) was incorporated to meet the deficit DM requirement. The total DMI (g/d) in T1, T2 and T3 groups in phase-I and II were 504.9 and 533.9; 324.1and 558.1; 395.3 and 445.5, respectively which were significantly (P<0.01) different among the groups. Significant (P<0.01) difference was observed among treatment groups in CP, NDF and ADF intake. Similarly, no difference was observed in weight gain and also in nutrient digestibility in phase-I where as digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) different in phase-II. The DCP and TDN values of the diet in both the phases were significantly (P<0.01) different. The rumen parameters like pH, TVFAs, NH3-N, TN, TCA-N and SN were estimated from the rumen fluid collected at the initial and final of the experiment were within normal range even though some difference was observed in few rumen parameters. It was concluded that FBPW and its silage supported for maintenance level of requirement, inclusion of RGS in the diet supported higher weight gain.ThesisItem Open Access SEROEPIDEMEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS IN BUFFALOES OF NORTH-EASTERN REGION OF KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2015-06-01) SHARANAGOUDA.B.M; N.A. PATILTotally 370 serum samples from the four districts of North-Eastern region of Karnataka were screened for IBR seroprevalence viz., Vijaypura, Bidar, Kalaburgi and Yadgir districts using ELISA kit .Overall prevalence of IBR in this region irrespective of farming system was found to be 36.49%.In buffaloes less than five years of age overall prevalence was found to be 8.92% and it was 27.57% in buffaloes more than five years age. Among the buffaloes having the history of abortion overall prevalence was found to be 9.19%. District-wise seroprevalence was highest in Bidar district (51.09%) followed by Kalaburgi (43.48%),Vijaypura (35.87%) and lowest in Yadgir district (15.96%). Among the different farming sector higher prevalence was found in organized farming sector. Between the districts the prevalence of IBR was highest in Bidar district organized sector compared to other districts. Among the unorganized sector highest seroprevalence was in Kalaburgi district. No significant difference of seroprevalence of IBR was seen among less than five years age buffaloes in different districts but lowest seroprevalence was in Yadgir district. Seroprevalence of IBR in more than five years age was more compared to less than five years age group. Highest prevalence of IBR in more than five years age group was seen in Bidar district. Prevalence of IBR in buffaloes with history of abortion was highest in Bidar district and no significant difference was seen in seroprevalence of IBR between districts. The higher prevalence of IBR in organized farming sector may be attributed to poor managemental practices observed in this region during the study.ThesisItem Open Access PATHOLOGY OF PNEUMOENTERIC INFECTIONS OF POULTRY IN AND AROUND BIDAR(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585401, 2005-09-01) MANJUNATHA S. S.; D.T.NAIKThe present investigation was taken up to study the prevalence of pneumoenteric infections of poultry in and around Bidar. The study was designed to find out the probable disease conditions causing pneumoenteric lesions, based on gross and histopathological findings. During the present study, a total of 500 samples comprising of trachea, lungs and intestines were examined for the presence of either pneumonic or enteric lesions. A systematic screening of these samples revealed various pathological changes on gross and histopathological examinations. The results indicated 45.8 per cent pneumonic infections and 33.8 per cent enteric infections in the present study. The proportional disease specific prevalence of various pneumonic conditions of poultry in the present study revealed higher prevalence rate of pneumonia due to bacterial agents (46.29%), followed by miscellaneous agents (27.95%) and viral agents (25.76%). The proportional disease specific prevalence of various enteric infections of poultry in the present study indicated higher prevalence of parasitic enteritis (48.52%) when compared to bacterial (35.5%) and viral enteritis (15.98%).ThesisItem Open Access PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL IN BULLOCKS- ITS MANAGEMENT(KVAFSU, Bidar, 2005-06-01) MANJUNATH PATIL; B.V. SHIVAPRAKASHSTUDY ON PREVALENCE OF YOKE GALL, ITS MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN BULLOCKS Manjunath Patil August-2005 Dr. B. V. Shivaprakash Major Advisor ABSTRACT Prevalence of yoke gall was studied under three different situations i.e., among clinical cases, among animals disposed for sale and slaughter. Classification and evaluation of eight different treatments was made in 57 clinical cases of yoke gall. Prevalence of yoke gall was studied in nine different locations of Karnataka State among clinical cases presented for five retrospective years from 2000 to 2004. Out of 2,61,882 total cases, 70,896 were suffering from different surgical disorders. Out of these, 2,081 cases had yoke gall with an overall prevalence of 0.79%; and prevalence among surgical cases was 2.94%. Out of 2,225 cattle and buffaloes disposed for sale, 38 bullocks were affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 1.71%. Out of 1,148 animals disposed for slaughter at Bangalore slaughter house and Chitaguppa slaughter house, 33 bullocks were found affected with yoke gall showing the prevalence of 2.98%. The prevalence of acute yoke gall was maximum (40.13%) in clinical situation; subacute yoke gall was maximum (52.63%) among the animals disposed for sale; and the chronic was maximum (53.06%) among the animals disposed for slaughter. The prevalence was maximum in rainy season (46.23%) followed by winter (31.43%). The prevalence was maximum in the bullocks of 6 to 8 years of age (48.42%). The prevalence was maximum in males (88.42%). Based on clinical and hisptopathological features a standard list of classification was given to yoke gall. Haematobiochemical and histological features of each type were documented. Fifty seven bullocks were divided into eight groups for the evaluation of treatment. In group I, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment (turmeric and lime juice) were given. There was no reduction in swelling of acute and subacute yoke gall during the first 15 days and only 25% reduction was seen after 30 days. In group II, diclofenac sodium injection and topical application of Khand ointment and dimethyl sulfoxide liquid were used. Initially no response and after one month only 25% reduction was seen in these bullocks. In group III, only topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide was employed. Response was negligible during initial 15 days and slight reduction (25%) was seen after 30 days in bullocks with acute and subacute yoke gall. In group IV, intravenous dimethyl sulfoxie @ 1.0 g/kg b.wt. resulted in 50% of reduction of acute yoke gall on third day, 75% reduction on seventh day, 90% reduction on 15 th day and complete reduction on 30 th day. In group V, dexamethasone injection was given directly into the swelling. The acute yoke gall showed 50% reduction in swelling on third day, 75% on seventh day and almost complete reduction on 30 th day. In group VI, herbal treatment using paste of root of Triumfetta rotundifolia and leaves of Dregia volubilis were applied. The acute yoke galls showed 25% reduction on third day, 50% reduction on seventh day and complete absorption of fluid by 30 th day. The response was partial for subacute yoke gall and nil for chronic fibrosed yoke gall in groups IV, V & VI. In group VII, surgical drainage of acute yoke galls by stab incision resulted in immediate reduction but required second incision due to reaccumulation. In group VIII, surgical excision was followed in nine bullocks with chronic yoke galls which resulted in 100% improvement. There was no change in haematological values before and after treatment. There was slight increase in SGPT level and marked increase in LDH levels before and 30 days after treatment in all the groups.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF DEXMEDITOMIDINE PREMEDICATION ON KETAMINE INDUCTION AND ISOFLURANE GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN CATTLE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-12-01) MUNIRAJU, H.M.; L. RANGANATHThe study was conducted in cattle to standardizethedosage of dexmedetomidine as premedicant in cattle and to study the influence of dexmeditomidine premedication on ketamine induction and isoflurane general anaesthesia. During the present study the following parameters were assessed: (i) physiological parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate,(ii) hematological parameters viz., total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC),(iii)biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), blood glucose and creatinine, (iv) blood gas parameters like PaO2, PaCO2 and blood pH (v) heamodynamic parameters like electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) (vi) anaesthetic parameters such as thequality of sedation, induction time, duration of anaesthesia, recovery time, extubation time, time for sternal recumbency and time for unassisted standing were assessed during the period of anaesthesia. Results revealed, in all the animals there were non-significant minor alterations in physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters, whereas some significant changes were observed in PaO2 and changes were only transient and within normal physiological limits. In the present study dexmedetomidine caused the smooth, effective, satisfactory and adequate sedation in three minutes of its administration and facilitated the induction of anaesthesia with minimal changes physiological parameters of cattle subjected for general anaesthesia. Findings were suggestive of anaesthetic protocol employed in the study was safe and effective provided the rapid and smooth induction along with faster recovery in all the animals during the study without any untowardevents or the complications.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON NEUROBIOCHEMICAL AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN WISTAR RATS EXPOSED TO ARSENIC WITH OR WITHOUT EXOGENOUS MELATONIN ADMINISTRATION(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2017-08) PRASADA NINGAPPA DURAPPANAVAR; PRAKASH NADOOR)(‘As’) induced alterations in neurobiochemestry in brain and its impact on neuropharmacological activities with or without the melatonin (MLT) as an antioxidant given exogenously. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to four groups of six each. Group-I served as untreated control, while group-II received ‘As’ [sodium (meta) arsenite; NaAsO2] @ 10 mg.kg-1 b.wt. (p.o) for a period of 56 days. Experimental rats in group-III received treatment similar to group-II but in addition received MLT @ 10 mg.kg-1 b.wt. (p.o) from day 32 onwards. Rats in group-IV received MLT alone from day 32 onwards similar to group-III. Sub-chronic exposure to ‘As’ (group-II) significantly (p0.05) reduction in pain latency. Sub-chronic administration of ‘As’ induced (group-II) significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) called malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue (5.55±0.57 nmol.g-1), and their levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by MLT supplementation (group-III: 3.96±0.15 nmol.g-1). The increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in ‘As’ exposed rats indicated nitrosative stress due to the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, exogenously given MLT significantly (p<0.05) reduced the 3-NT formation as well as prostaglandin (PGE2) levels in the brain. Similarly MLT administration have suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (viz., IL-1β, IL-6 & TNF-α) and amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ) deposition in the brain tissues of experimental rats. To conclude, exogenous administration of melatonin can overcome the sub-chronic arsenic induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the CNS, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored certain disturbed neuropharmacological activities in Wistar rats. Key words: Arsenic (As), Neuropharmacology, Melatonin, Oxidative stress, Wistar ratsThesisItem Open Access MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KUMISS PRODUCED FROM COW’S MILK(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY., 2018-07) SHIVARAJ SHIVASHIMPAR B. Tech (D.Tech; . RAMACHANDRA, B.Kumiss is an effervescent acidic, alcoholic fermented, milky white or greyish liquid made primarily from mare’s milk. Kumiss has health benefits as it contains prebiotics like inulin. It is limited to the places like central Asia, Russia, Eastern Europe etc. due to its limited technological information and unavailability of mare’s milk and Kumiss as a product itself in certain parts of the world. In the present study an attempt was made to prepare Kumiss from cow’s milk. The lactic isolates like lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides sspThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GOATS UNDER DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF REARING(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-11) MAHADEV LAMANI; Dr. S. B. PRASANNAThe growth performance of goats under different systems of rearing was studied for 13 weeks on thirty weaned local kids of 3-4 months of age and comparable body weights. Kids were randomly distributed into three groups with 10 animals in each group. Animals of T1 (Intensive system) group were fed with concentrate mixture and weighed quantity of ground nut hay, sesbania and ragi straw (ad lib). The animals in T2 (Semi intensive system) group were allowed for grazing for 6hours and in the evening provided with concentrate and roughages at the level of 50% of the requirements of T1 group. The animals in T3 (ExThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ANTI RABIES VACCINAL EFFICACY IN FREE RANGING DOG POPULATION IN BENGALURU(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-07) EVALUATION OF ANTI RABIES VACCINAL EFFICACY IN FREE RANGING DOG POPULATION IN BENGALURU; Dr. SHRIKRISHNA ISLOOR; (SHRIKRISHNA ISLOOR)The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti rabies vaccinal efficacy in free ranging dog population in Bengaluru and comparison of an iELISA with RFFIT. Serum samples from 250 free ranging dogs were collected for the study and tested by RFFIT as well as iELISA. In all, 18 wards from the North and South zones of Bengaluru were covered during the sample collection with the help of three NGOs, who claimed that those animals were annually vaccinated. So, the post vaccinal efficacy was studied and it was found that,
