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Theses (PG)

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20222
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Subject: Veterinary Public Health × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES / SUBSPECIES AT DIFFERENT ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNITS OF ANIMAL INTERFACE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) SHAMANTH RAKKITH R.N.; MADHAVAPRASAD C. B.
    Salmonella non-enterica subspecies are commonly found in cold-blooded animals, rarely in warm-blooded animals. Therefore, the current study with the aim to detect Salmonella enterica and non-enterica subspecies in different ecoepidemiological units of animal interface was undertaken. Out of six ecoepidemiological units, the highest prevalence of Salmonella species and subspecies was present in Bhadravathi (unit 5), followed by Kodamaggi (unit 2), Abbalgere (unit 6), LFC-VCS (unit 1), Anupinakatte (unit 4) and Massur (unit 3) with prevalence of 7.27 %, 4.44 %, 4.44 %, 2.85 %, 2.22 %, and 2 %, respectively. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica and Salmonella subspecies non-enterica was found to be 2.9 % (n=9) and 0.96 % (n=3), respectively. Salmonella genus was confirmed by targeting invA gene, while Salmonella species and subspecies by targeting gatD, stn, STM4057, fljB, and mdcA genes. Out of 9 Salmonella enterica isolates, 6 were confirmed as Salmonella Typhimurium by targeting typh gene. Dendrogram produced nine clusters (C1-C9) and with Simpson’s genetic diversity index of 0.9974. Varying resistance was observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, doxycycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, while all the isolates showed 100 % resistance to penicillin-G among overall Salmonella species and among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, ampicillin and penicillin-G showed MAR >0.2. Out of 6 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, five were confirmed as ESBL producers by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. At 24-hours, none of the isolates formed biofilm, while most isolates were moderate biofilm producers at 48 and 72 hours. Key words: Salmonella enterica, invA gene, MAR, ESBL.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA SPECIES AT DIFFERENT ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNITS OF ANIMAL INTERFACE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2022) MAMATHA S. P.; MADHAVAPRASAD C.B.
    The current study was undertaken with the objective of studying Listeria species from different eco-epidemiological units of animal interface in the rural and peri-urban areas of Shivamogga district. A total of 310 samples were collected, analysed, characterized by biochemical, sugar fermentation and molecular methods. The overall prevalence of Listeria species was found to be 2.5%. Epidemiological unit wise, the prevalence of Listeria species was found to highest in the (Abbalgere) 4.4%, (Massur) 4% followed by (Bhadravathi) 3.63%, (Anupinakatte) 3.63% and (L.F.C, VCS) 1.42%. Culturally, identified Listeria species were subjected to PCR targeting of 16SrRNA, Lmo1030, namA, scrA and Oxidoreductasi genes. Further, the isolates were subjected to PCR targeting the virulence associated genes viz., plcA, hlyA, iap and prfA. Out of 310 samples eight isolates were identified as L.monocytogenes (0.6%), L. ivanovii (0.6%), L. welshimeri (0.6%) and L. grayi (0.6%). Genetic diversity of the isolates were performed by ERIC PCR where six ERIC types/cluster (C1to C6) were found with the Shannon weiver index of 0.752 and Simpson index of 0.928. Antibiogram showed that the eight Listeria species where resistant to bacitracin (62.5%) and cefotaxamie (62.5%), whereas susceptible to ciprofloxacin (62.5%), chloramphenicol (50%) and gentamicin (50%). The MAR index of L. monocytogenes (F113 and M9) was found to be 0.25 and 0.18, L. ivanovii (F82 and VS6) was 0.0625 and 0.125, L. welshimeri ( PF4 and F118) was 0.125 and 0.3125 and L.grayi (S3 and SD1) was 0.0625 and 0.125, respectively. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii showed weak biofilm ability at 24hrs were as, L.welshimeri and L.grayi were non biofilm formers. At 48 hrs, L. monocytogenes were moderate biofilm formers and at 72 hrs, L.monocytogenes were strong biofilm formers, L.ivanovii moderate biofilm formers, L.welshimeri and L.grayi were weak biofilm formers KEY WORDS: 16SrRNA, ERIC-PCR, AST, Biofilm