PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES / SUBSPECIES AT DIFFERENT ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNITS OF ANIMAL INTERFACE
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
Salmonella non-enterica subspecies are commonly found in cold-blooded
animals, rarely in warm-blooded animals. Therefore, the current study with the aim to
detect Salmonella enterica and non-enterica subspecies in different ecoepidemiological
units of animal interface was undertaken. Out of six ecoepidemiological
units, the highest prevalence of Salmonella species and subspecies was
present in Bhadravathi (unit 5), followed by Kodamaggi (unit 2), Abbalgere (unit 6),
LFC-VCS (unit 1), Anupinakatte (unit 4) and Massur (unit 3) with prevalence of 7.27
%, 4.44 %, 4.44 %, 2.85 %, 2.22 %, and 2 %, respectively. The overall prevalence of
Salmonella enterica and Salmonella subspecies non-enterica was found to be 2.9 %
(n=9) and 0.96 % (n=3), respectively. Salmonella genus was confirmed by targeting
invA gene, while Salmonella species and subspecies by targeting gatD, stn, STM4057,
fljB, and mdcA genes. Out of 9 Salmonella enterica isolates, 6 were confirmed as
Salmonella Typhimurium by targeting typh gene. Dendrogram produced nine clusters
(C1-C9) and with Simpson’s genetic diversity index of 0.9974. Varying resistance was
observed for ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, doxycycline, gentamicin,
kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, while all the isolates showed 100 %
resistance to penicillin-G among overall Salmonella species and among Salmonella
Typhimurium isolates, ampicillin and penicillin-G showed MAR >0.2. Out of 6
Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, five were confirmed as ESBL producers by both
phenotypic and genotypic methods. At 24-hours, none of the isolates formed biofilm,
while most isolates were moderate biofilm producers at 48 and 72 hours.
Key words: Salmonella enterica, invA gene, MAR, ESBL.