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ThesisItem Open Access DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF UTERINE ARTERY BLOOD FLOW DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY IN LABRADOR RETRIEVER(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-08) NANDITHA, H. J.; Dr. NARASIMHA MURTHYThe aim of this study was to record the blood flow characteristics of uterine artery using Doppler ultrasonography throughout the normal gestation of Labrador retriever dogs. Ten healthy Labrador female dogs aged between 2-5 years and parity 1-3 were ultrasonographically assessed during the gestation from day of first breeding until day 60 at an interval of 10 days. Colour Doppler was used to locate both the uterine arteries on either sides of the body and Pulsed wave Doppler was performed to obtain the parameters such as Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), Pulsatality Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI) and S/D ratio. The study also recorded the litter size and nature of parturition. The obtained DopplThesisItem Open Access ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF PLACENTAL THICKNESS IN DOGS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GESTATIONAL AGE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-08) CHANDRASHEKHAR AYYA SALIMATH; Dr. G. SUDHAThe measurement of gestational sac diameter (GSD) and biparietal diameter (BPD) using ultrasonography (USG) remained fairly accurate determinants of gestational age (GA) in canines during early and later stages of gestation with precision of ±1 to ± 2 days. The present study looked at the possibility of placental thickness (PT) as a determinant of GA using USG in normal pregnancies of different breeds and body sizes and then to correlate the same with reported gestational age (RGA). A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 90 pregnant dogs of different breeds and parity and a total of 112 observations were made by using ALOKA PRO SOUND α-6 ultra sound unit using 5 MHz convex probe.ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL EFFICACY OF MIFEPRISTONE AND MISOPROSTOL IN INDUCTION OF PARTURITION IN FEMALE DOGS WITH SINGLE PUPPY SYNDROME(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2018-02) VIJAY PEETALA; Dr. V. CHANDRASHEKHARA MURTHYA clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of mifepristone and misoprostol in induction of parturition in dogs with single puppy syndrome. The incidence of single puppy syndrome was 5.08 per cent, recorded in nine different breeds of dogs. The highest incidence was observed in Pug while the lowest in Dachshund and Chihuahua. Further, higher incidence was noticed in primiparous bitches with less than two years of age. The incidence of dystocia due to single puppy syndrome was 25 per cent. The blood glucose, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were within normal physiological range in both control and treatment groups. In control group, all the animals bearing singleton were presented with dystocia and assisted whelping was performed. All the animals in treatment group hadn’t shown any signs of parturition even after 62 days of gestation were administered mifepristone @ 5 mg/kg BW per orally twice a day at 12 hours interval followed by intra vaginal administration of misoprostol @ 200 µg for bitches with ≤ 20 kg BW and 400 µg for bitches with > 20 kg BW, 12 hours after second dose of mifepristone. The mean time taken for the expulsion of the single pup from the time of initiation of treatment was 28 ± 2.74 hours and the mean time taken for the expulsion of the single pup after administering misoprostol intravaginally was 5.3 ± 1.7 hours. Live singletons were whelped in all treatment group animals giving 100 per cent results. It is concluded that the use of mifepristone and misoprostol combination is safe and effective for induction of parturition in female dogs with single puppy syndromeThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL STUDIES ON PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISCHERIES SCIENCE UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-08) SHILPA V. S.; Dr. V. CHANDRASHEKHARA MURTHYA study on the prevalence, predisposing factors, clinical signs associated with pseudopregnancy and efficiency of dopamine agonists and management practices to reduce the clinical manifestation of pseudopregnancy was conducted. The prevalence of pseudopregnancy was 35.41% with highest prevalence in medium breeds and lowest in small breeds. The prevalence was higher in young (less than 2 years) and nulliparous female dogs. Age and parity showed a statistically significant influence on the exhibition of pseudopregnancy. The signs were exhibited during the anestrus stage of estrous cycle in majority of dogs as indicated by the serum progesterone values less than 1 ng/ml. The average number of days from last estrus was 63±2.25 days. The clinical signs varied widely between individuals and mammary development with milk or milk like secretion was the most common sign (96.08%). Physical changes and maternal instincts were also recorded and clinical signs were seen in less than 50% of the dogs. The complications like mastitis or mammary dermatitis were rare (3.96%). Cabergoline at 5µg/Kg BW once daily took an average of 6.4±0.65 days for complete recovery and bromocriptine at 10µg/Kg BW twice daily took an average of 9.5±0.73 days. Managemental practices like food and water withdrawal during night hours and application of Elizabethan collars for an average of 15±0.77 days also had a significant effect in reducing clinical signs compared to control group. Even though pseudopregnancy is a self-limiting condition, when clinical signs are exacerbated, compared to bromocriptine, cabergoline was found to be safe and effective. Managemental interventions were found to be effective in absence of veterinary aid.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTATHIONE AND HONEY IN SKIM MILK BASED EXTENDERS FOR PRESERVATION OF BOER BUCK SEMEN AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-12) SURESH ARAKERI; Prof. M. K. TANDLEAddition of 1% honey in skim milk glutathione extender increased motile sperm percentage while addition of 1% honey in skim milk extender reduced it. Addition of 1% honey in skim milk glutathione extender reduced immotile sperm percentage in contrast addition of 2% honey in skim milk extender increased it. Addition of 1% honey in skim milk glutathione extender improved rapid progressive sperm percentage whereas addition of 2% honey in skim milk extenders reduced it. Slow progressive sperm percentage was lower in skim milk glutathione extender whereas addition of 2% honey in skim milk extender increased it. Non-progressive sperm percentage was lower in skim milk glutathione extender however addition of 1% honey in it increased it. Addition of 1% honey in skim milk glutathione extender showed higher sperm curvilinear velocity, sperm straight line velocity and sperm average path velocity however addition of 2% honey in skim milk extender reduced them. Addition of 1% honey in skim milk extender reduced sperm linearity percentage, sperm wobble percentage and sperm straightness percentage whereas the same were higher in skim milk glutathione extender. Addition of honey (1% or 2%) did not show effect on sperm beat cross frequency and amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement whereas the same were higher in skim milk glutathione extender and lower in skim milk extender. Addition of 1% honey in skim milk glutathione extender increased sperm dance whereas 2% honey addition in skim milk extender lowered it. Addition of 2% honey in skim milk extender increased sperm dance mean whereas reduced in skim milk glutathione extender at 72 h of refrigeration.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTATHIONE AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN TRIS AND SKIM MILK BASED EXTENDERS FOR PRESERVATION OF RAM SEMEN AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-11) SANGAMESH MUNIYAPPANAVAR; Prof. M. K. TANDLEThe research findings of the present study are that addition of glutathione improved motile sperm and reduced immotile sperm percentage than α-tocopherol in skim milk than TRIS egg yolk based extenders. Addition of glutathione improved rapid progressive sperm percentage than α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk than skim milk based extenders. Addition of α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk reduced slow progressive sperm percentage whereas improved in skim milk based extenders as compared to addition of glutathione. Addition of either glutathione or α-tocopherol did not reduce the non-progressive sperm percentage in skim milk and TRIS egg yolk based extenders. Addition of glutathione improved sperm curvilinear velocity, sperm average path velocity and sperm straight line velocity in TRIS egg yolk based extenders whereas α-tocopherol reduced it in skim milk based extenders. Addition of glutathione did not improve sperm straightness percentage in skim milk and TRIS egg yolk based extenders however addition of α-tocopherol reduced it in TRIS egg yolk than skim milk based extenders. Addition of α-tocopherol reduced sperm wobble percentage in skim milk than TRIS egg yolk based extenders at refrigeration however glutathione has shown no effect on it. Addition of glutathione in skim milk based extenders improved sperm beat cross frequency, sperm dance and sperm dance mean whereas addition of α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk extender reduced it. There was no effect of addition of glutathione on amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement in skim milk based extender however addition of α-tocopherol improved it at 72 h of refrigeration in NARI Suwarna rams.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTATHIONE AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN TRIS AND SKIM MILK BASED EXTENDERS FOR PRESERVATION OF RAM SEMEN AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2019-11) EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF GLUTATHIONE AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN TRIS AND SKIM MILK BASED EXTENDERS FOR PRESERVATION OF RAM SEMEN AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURE; Prof. M. K. TANDLE)The research findings of the present study are that addition of glutathione improved motile sperm and reduced immotile sperm percentage than α-tocopherol in skim milk than TRIS egg yolk based extenders. Addition of glutathione improved rapid progressive sperm percentage than α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk than skim milk based extenders. Addition of α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk reduced slow progressive sperm percentage whereas improved in skim milk based extenders as compared to addition of glutathione. Addition of either glutathione or α-tocopherol did not reduce the non-progressive sperm percentage in skim milk and TRIS egg yolk based extenders. Addition of glutathione improved sperm curvilinear velocity, sperm average path velocity and sperm straight line velocity in TRIS egg yolk based extenders whereas α-tocopherol reduced it in skim milk based extenders. Addition of glutathione did not improve sperm straightness percentage in skim milk and TRIS egg yolk based extenders however addition of α-tocopherol reduced it in TRIS egg yolk than skim milk based extenders. Addition of α-tocopherol reduced sperm wobble percentage in skim milk than TRIS egg yolk based extenders at refrigeration however glutathione has shown no effect on it. Addition of glutathione in skim milk based extenders improved sperm beat cross frequency, sperm dance and sperm dance mean whereas addition of α-tocopherol in TRIS egg yolk extender reduced it. There was no effect of addition of glutathione on amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement in skim milk based extender however addition of α-tocopherol improved it at 72 h of refrigeration in NARI Suwarna rams.ThesisItem Open Access ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF PLACENTAL THICKNESS IN DOGS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GESTATIONAL AGE(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-08) CHANDRASHEKHAR AYYA SALIMATH; Dr. G. SUDHAThe measurement of gestational sac diameter (GSD) and biparietal diameter (BPD) using ultrasonography (USG) remained fairly accurate determinants of gestational age (GA) in canines during early and later stages of gestation with precision of ±1 to ± 2 days. The present study looked at the possibility of placental thickness (PT) as a determinant of GA using USG in normal pregnancies of different breeds and body sizes and then to correlate the same with reported gestational age (RGA). A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 90 pregnant dogs of different breeds and parity and a total of 112 observations were made by using ALOKA PRO SOUND α-6 ultra sound unit using 5 MHz convex probe. The dogs were categorised into two groups, namely the large breeds and small breeds, GA and PT were recorded from 3rd to 4th week of gestation. The mean PT in small breeds of dogs was found to be 3.42 ± 0.32, 4.20 ± 0.15 and 4.36 ± 0.12 at 36.11 ± 1.19, 46.11 ± 0.71 and 54.84 ± 0.89 average GA, respectively with a significant positive correlation between PT vs GA and PT vs RGA (r= 0.58 and 0.59), and respective R² of 0.34 and 0.35 was recorded. Similarly, for large breeds mean PT of 2.91 ± 0.24, 5.28 ± 0.15 and 5.88 ± 0.13 at 33.80 ± 0.81, 44.92 ± 0.66 and 57.18 ± 0.98 days, respectively with significant positive correlation between PT vs GA and PT vs RGA (r=0.82,0.81) and respective R² of 0.67 and 0.67 was recorded. The present study revealed that there was no significant difference between the calculated gestational age (CGA) and reported gestational age (RGA). It was concluded that the placental thickness (PT) was significantly correlated with GA and RGA and it can be used to estimate gestational age of foetus along with other parameters like GSD and BPD.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE PREGNANCY DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN GOATS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCE'SUNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585226, 2018-10) SHASHIDHAR; Prof. M. K. TANDLE; Dr. M. D. SURANAGI; Dr. R. G. BIJURKAR; SRIKANT KULKARNIThe study was undertaken with the objective to compare different techniques of pregnancy diagnosis like pregnancy detector, vaginal electrical resistance (VER), ultrasonography and progesterone assay in Osmanabadi goats. Pregnancy detector has not yielded good results to detect pregnancy in does from day 1-30 post breeding. Higher VER values are indicative to detect pregnancy on day 19 post breeding and with accuracy of 66.67 % and 100 % from day 19-20 and day 21-30 post breeding respectively in does. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was effective tool to detect pregnancy with accuracy of 73.33 %, 80.00 % and 100 % from day 19-20, 21-30 and 31-45 post service respectively in does. Visibility of embryonic vesicle and gestational sac as early as on day 20 after natural service in does by trans-abdominal ultrasonography was an accurate, rapid, non invasive, potential and safe technique for pregnancy diagnosis in does. Visibility of gestational sac and fetal heart beat was detected on day 30 by trans-abdominal ultrasonography and fetal heart beat and measurement of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter measurement was possible on day 45 post breeding in does. Progesterone estimation was useful aid to detect pregnancy in does with highest accuracy (100.00%) from day 21-30 followed by day 19-20 (80.00 %) and day 1-18 (66.67 %) respectively. Progesterone estimation on day 18 post breeding was a useful aid to detect pregnancy in does. Progesterone estimation was effective aid to detect pregnancy from day 1-18 post breeding in does with 81.82 % sensitivity, 25.00 % specificity and 66.67 % accuracy respectively.
