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ThesisItem Restricted BLOOD TRANSFUSION STUDIES IN SHEEP AND GOAT(2021) BANKA PUSHKAR RAJENDRA; TANUVAS; SIVARAMAN S; SEMTHILKUMAR G; BALACHANDRAN PThe present study entitled “Blood transfusion studies in sheep and goats” was conducted for a period of 12 months, from September 2019 to August 2020, with the objectives of studying the shelf life of donor blood and blood transfusion protocol in sheep and goats. Blood collected in CPDA blood bags (@10-15ml/kg body weight) from 10 apparently healthy sheep and goat donors were stored for a period of 20 days and analysed to study various parameters. On storage, sheep blood showed 1 per cent haemolysis on day 16 and marked change in cell types were noted from day 13 onwards.Whereas in goats, 1 per cent haemolysis was observed on day 12 and marked change in cell types were noted from day 7 onwards. In total of 263 sheep and 1836 goats were presented to medicine unit ofVeterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal during the study period. The incidence of anaemia in sheep and goats were 13.69 and 7.19 per cent, respectively. Highest incidence was noticed in less than 3 months of age group animals [sheep (30.56 %) and goats (41.67 %)] and in the winter season [sheep (44.44 %) and goat (48.48 %). Various etiologies observed in sheep and goats included ectoparasitic infestation (55.56 % and 63.64 % respectively), endoparasitic infection (19.44 % and 21.97 % respectively) and mixed infection (11.11 % and 6.06 % respectively).The most clinical signs noticed in sheep with anaemia were thin body condition, anorexia, occasional rumination, pale mucous membrane and dull mentation and in goats were thin body condition, doughy ruminal consistency, inappetence, pale mucous membrane and absence of rumination.On haemato-biochemistry, anaemic sheep had a significant reduction in Hb, PCV, RBCs, MCV, monocytes, neutrophils and albumin and significant leukocytosis, lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Anaemic goats had a significant reduction of Hb, PCV, RBCs, neutrophils, total protein and albumin leveland significant elevation of MCV, MCH, monocytes and eosinophils. Cross matching was done prior to blood transfusion, in all the cases to check compatibility between donor and recipient blood. Blood transfusion was carried out with stored blood in 6 sheep and 9 goats (@ 10-15ml/kg body weight). Marked improvement was noticed soon after transfusion. Haemato-biochemical studies showed significant increase in Hb, PCV and total protein values in sheep and significant increase in Hb, PCV, RBC, WBC and eosinophils in goats after blood transfusion. In the present study, blood transfusion done with stored blood in anaemic sheep and goats was successful in all the cases without any adverse reactions.ThesisItem Restricted PLATELET ADDITIVE SOLUTION (PAS) ADDED PLATELET CONCENTRATE THERAPY IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC DOGS(2021) PAUNAS KAMLESH JOSHI; TANUVAS; BARANIDHARAN GR; KAVITHA S; MANGALA GOWRI AOur Study on “Platelet additive solution (PAS) added Platelet Concentrate therapy in thrombocytopenic Dogs” was conducted with the aim to assess the efficacy of PAS in extending the storage quality of platelet concentrate and to 11 evaluate the therapeutic outcome of PAS added canine platelets in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia (Platelets < 25,000 cells/μl) due to haemoprotozoal and rickettsial diseases with clinical signs of haemostatic abnormalities are highly prevalent in dogs at the Critical Care Unit, MVC, Chennai and the TANUVAS Animal Blood Bank, MVC, Chennai. The first line emergency therapy for severe thrombocytopenia is Canine Platelet Concentrate (PC) transfusions for management of haemostatic abnormalities. Platelet transfusions can be utilized as both prophylactic and therapeutic measure for the management of severe thrombocytopenia. The objectives of this research were to increase the shelf life of canine PC by the use of SSP+ PAS, to ascertain the optimal concentration and efficacy of PAS to be added to canine PC in the treatment of dogs with severe thrombocytopeniaThesisItem Restricted PULSED TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING (TDI) IN THE ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN DOGS WITH ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE(2021) APARNA GANPATH PILLAI; TANUVAS; JEYARAJA K; VAIRAMUTHU S; RANJITHKUMAR MConventional echocardiography which includes 2-D, M-mode and Spectral Doppler was effective in assessing systolic dysfunction whereas it fails to effectively diagnose and stage diastolic dysfunction because of the phenomenon of “pseudonormalisation”. In this context, Tissue Doppler Imaging along with conventional echocardiography may be useful in better diagnosis and staging of heart failure. Therefore, the present study was conceived with the objective to assess the systolic and diastolic dysfunction using pulsed Tissue Doppler Imaging in dogs with acquired heart disease and to compare the pulsed Tissue Doppler Imaging with conventional doppler in the detection of left ventricular dysfunction in dogs with acquired heart diseases. The study was carried out at Madras Veterinary College Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chennai over a period of two semesters between 2019 – 2021. The study comprised of 36 healthy dogs, 28 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and 17 dogs with mitral valve disease. In dilated cardiomyopathy, common clinical signs recorded were lethargy, inappetence, ascites and exercise intolerance whereas in dogs affected with mitral valve disease, common clinical signs recorded were cough, inappetence, lethargy and abdominal distension. On physical examination gallop rhythm and murmur were the common findings in DCM and systolic murmur in MVD.ThesisItem Restricted DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN DOGS(2021) TAMILSELVAN V; TANUVAS; BALAGANGATHARATHILAGAR M; SUMATHI D; ANANDA CHITRA M; THANGAPANDIYAN MARDS is one of the leading causes of mortality in Intensive and Critical Care human and animal patients. The early identification and diagnosis of ARDS is essential because early treatment is associated with significant reduction in mortality in the studies reported from small animal and human patients. Studies on ARDS in dogs are spares in Veterinary literature. In this backdrop, this study on “Diagnostic and Therapeutic Evaluation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Dogs” was conducted to document the various risk factors of ARDS, to compare various diagnostic tests in the early diagnosis of ARDS and to evaluate the therapeutic protocol in ARDS dogs. In this clinical study, dogs presented with respiratory distress, tachypnea, hypoxemia with leukocytosis, leukopenia, progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), were assessed by thorough clinical examination. Dogs with ARDS criteria were subjected to blood gas analysis, thoracic radiography, blood culture and TFAST examination. Dogs with ARDS were grouped into two groups based on the origin of the trigger factor. Group I: Primary respiratory disorders ARDS (n=10), Group II: Systemic disorders ARDS (n=13) and Group III: Healthy dogs (n=10). Overall incidence of ARDS in dogs presented with respiratory emergencies (n=257) was 8.9 per cent in the study period. There was a higher incidence in Non-Descipts and Labrador Retrievers, male dogs and the dogs between 6 month to 4 years of age.ThesisItem Restricted APHERESIS BASED HEMOPOIETIC CELL HARVESTING PROTOCOLS IN DOGS(2021) BHARATH M; TANUVAS; SUMATHI D; BARANIDHARAN GR; VIJAYARANI KPeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) have been increasingly used in the hematopoietic cell transplantation as a treatment for hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma. PBMCs were collected from the donor dogs using specialized procedure called apheresis after administration of suitable recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rcG-CSF). The present study was aimed to evaluate the PBMCs obtained through apheresis for their hematopoietic stem cell (CD34+ cells) yield. Eighteen dogs were selected for the study. The dogs were divided into three groups – Group 1A consisting of normal healthy donors which were not administered with rcG-CSF, Group 1B consisting of normal healthy donors which were administered with rcG-CSF and Group 2 consisting of lymphoma affected dogs in clinical remission which were administered with rcG-CSF. Apheresis was performed in all the dogs using COBE Spectra apheresis system. Apheresis from the unmobilized healthy dogs yielded an average CD34+ cell per cent of 0.53 ± 0.11% and mobilized healthy dogs yielded an average CD34+ cell per cent of 2.25 ± 0.49%. The average CD34+ cell per cent obtained from the mobilized lymphoma affected dogs was 2.92 ± 0.61%. In all the cases mobilization and apheresis were well tolerated. Apheresis was found to be safe in both healthy canines and those with lymphoma for hematopoietic stem cell harvesting.ThesisItem Restricted DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THORACIC CAVITY DISORDERS IN CATTLE(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) MUTHAMIZHSELVAN P.; TANUVAS; PREMALATHA N.; SATHESHKUMAR S.; SARAVANAN M.The aim of the research work was to study the prevalence of thoracic cavity disorders in cattle and to assess the usefulness of interventional procedures for the management of thoracic cavity disorders (TCD) in cattle. Six apparently healthy cattle were selected for obtaining normal data. Thirty-two cattle were diagnosed and selected based on the history, clinical signs related to cardiac and respiratory disorders and categorized as Diaphragmatic Hernia (DH) (n=6). Lung Disorders (LD) (n=7). Cardiac Disorders (CD) (n=12) and Lung and Cardiac Disorders (LCD) (n=7).The animals from all the groups were subjected for detailed anamnesis, physical and clinical examination, hemato-biochemical, electrolytes and cardiac biomarker profile analysis, further the animals belonging to TCD groups were exposed for radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging examination.ThesisItem Restricted ASSESSMENT OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC INDICES AND CARDIAC PROFILING IN NATIVE DOG BREEDS OF TAMIL NADU(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) APOORVA R.; TANUVAS; PREMALATHA N.; BALAKRISHNAN S.; KUMARESAN A.Chippiparai, Rajapalayam and Kanni are the sight-hound type native breeds of Tamil Nadu and were kept as a symbol of royalty and dignity by the rulers of Southern India. The data on hemato - biochemical parameters, electrolytes, cardiac biomarkers, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography is minimal in these three breeds and so this study was carried out to bring about a baseline reference range in Chippiparai, Kanni and Rajapalayam dog breeds. The study was carried out in 72 clinically healthy native dogs viz., Chippiparai (n=24), Kanni (n=24) and Rajapalayam (n=24). The breeds were grouped based on their Age (young - 12, adult - 12) and Sex (female - 12, male - 12) to compare within and between breeds. All the selected animals were subjected to physical, clinical examination and their body weight was recorded.ThesisItem Restricted EVALUATION OF SHELF-LIFE OF STORED BOVINE BLOOD AND ITS TRANSFUSION IN DAIRY COWS(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) SONIYA. C. R.; TANUVAS; SENTHIL KUMAR G.; SIVARAMAN S.; SRINIVASAN P.The research work was conducted to evaluate shelf-life of stored bovine blood and clinical utility of transfusion in dairy cows with anaemia due to theileriosis and anaplasmosis. The study was conducted on clinical cases of dairy cows presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, dairy cows available at Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal and at private dairy farms. The blood was collected in commercially available blood bags with anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose adenine @10-15 ml/kg body weight from six apparently healthy dairy cows. The collected blood was stored at 6-8 0C for 42 days and analysed for haemato-biochemical parameters, morphology of RBCs, and per cent haemolysis to assess the fitness of stored blood for transfusion. The stored blood showed one per cent haemolysis on day 14 of the storage period and marked morphological abnormalities of RBCs were observed from day 35.ThesisItem Restricted CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF ANAPLASMOSIS AND THEILERIOSIS IN GOATS(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) ANJANA. C. R.; TANUVAS; VENKATESAKUMAR, E.; SENTHILKUMAR G.; PONNUDURAI G.A study was carried to document the prevalence of anaplasmosis and theileriosis among goats and to assess the associated haematobiochemical alterations. Six apparently healthy goats from Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal were selected as healthy control group. Goats irrespective of breed, age and sex which had shown chief clinical signs suggestive of anaplasmosis and theileriosis like fever, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, lethargy, tick infestation, enlargement of lymph nodes, cough and nasal discharges were included in the study. The clinical findings observed in goats with anaplasmosis included lethargy, pallor mucous membrane, fever, anorexia, nasal discharge, wasting and diarrhoea whereas pallor mucous membrane, anorexia, nasal discharge, ruminal hypomotility, fever, diarrhoea, sub mandibular oedema, lymphadenopathy and lameness were the chief clinical manifestations in theileriosis. Those goats with concurrent infection of both Anaplasma and Theileria spp was found to be having lethargy, diarrhoea, pallor mucous membrane, fever, nasal discharge, anorexia, wasting and lameness.
