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ThesisItem Restricted DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCE OF ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN SHEEP (Ovis aries)(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) SATYA SAI CHANDANA GADULA; TANUVAS; BALASUNDARAM, K.; EZAKIAL NAPOLEAN R.; SELVARAJ P.; SRINIVASAN P.Studying the developmental anatomy of endocrine glands helps to understand the timing of embryological events to maintain normal homeostasis of body and to analyse birth defects. Sheep acts as an excellent model for the study of endocrine system. Samples of pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, testes and ovary were collected from pre and postnatal groups of sheep. Pituitary gland in sheep was an oval shaped, pale pink coloured dorsoventrally flattened gland lodged in the sella turcica of post sphenoid bone. In group I, Rathke’s pouch formation was seen at 25 days of gestation. In group II, at 55 days of gestation, in pars distalis cells were differentiated into chromophils and chromophobes, at 85 days of gestation chromophils were differentiated into acidophils and basophils. In group III, the number of cells and capillaries were increased. In group IV, acidophils were grouped as clumps and basophils were found distributed between these clumps. In group V, delta basophils were more and in group VI, beta basophil were numerous. In pars intermedia basophilic cells and in pars nervosa pituicytes and nerve fibres were noticed.Chromophilic cells showed moderate PAS, Millon’s, alkaline phosphatase, weak acid phosphatase and strong alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reactions.ThesisItem Restricted MORPHO-HISTOLOGY OF IMMUNE ORGANS IN TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo)(2022) JAYACHITRA S; TANUVAS; BALASUNDARAM K; SIVAGNANAM S; JAYACHANDRAN S; ARULMOZHI AThe elaborate anatomy of immune organs in turkey helps to develop new approaches in treatment of infectious and immune- mediated diseases. The immune system is made up of network of cells, tissues and organs which works together to protect the body from infection. The turkey will be an excellent model alternate to chicken to conduct immunological research to understand the disease resistance. The immune organs of interest studied in this research were bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and Harderian gland. These immune organs were studied from day-old at monthly intervals up to ten months of age with special emphasis to age dependent changes. The bursa of Fabricius was an unpaired pouch-like diverticulum on the dorsal wall of the proctodeum of cloaca and connected to it by a short stalk. Its lumen was obscured by longitudinally oriented mucosal plica. In both the sexes, the bursa of Fabricius show accelerated growth from day-old to six months of age. The declining phase of growth was noticed from seven months and completely involuted at nine months in hen and eleven months in tom. The wall of the bursa of Fabricius was formed by three tunics, viz., tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa formed numerous mucosal folds which had surface epithelium constituted by follicle associated and interfollicular epithelium and lymphoid follicles. Each follicle showed outer cortex and inner medulla separated by reticulo-epithelial cells. The reticular structure showed homogenous eosinophilic mass with many reticulo-epithelial cells in medulla. The stroma of organ displayed many collagen, reticular and few elastic fibres.ThesisItem Restricted GROSS AND MICROANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE INTESTINES OF GUINEA PIG {Caviaporcellus)(2021) Kannekanti Raja; TANUVAS; Usha Kumary S; Geetha Ramesh; Ganne Venkata Sudhakar Rao; Ramesh SThe present study was undertaken to access the gross and microanatomy of intestines in guinea pigs of prenatal and postnatal age groups. Segments of both small and large Intestines (duodenumjejunum,ileum,caecum,colon and rectum) were collected from the guinea pigs which were received from Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chennai-51. Gross anatomical observations and morphometrical measurements were recorded. Tissue pieces of intestines in all the age groups were subjected to routine and special histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Duodenum, the first part of the small intestine of guinea pig was found to be started as a dilated part from the pylorus of the stomach and was covered ventrally by the left medial lobe of the liver. It then crossed transversely to the right side of abdomen under the right lobes of the liver where it formed a ‘S’ shaped bend or curve. Jejunum was made up of closely arranged coils which were attached by the mesentery and located on the right side of the abdominal cavity. Ileum was the shortest portion of small intestine of guinea pig. The caecum occupied the most area of the ventral third of left side of abdominal cavity. Colon was divisible into three parts viz., ascending, transverse and descending colon. Rectum was the terminal portion of the large intestine and was observed in the left of pelvic cavity. The morphometric parameters of both small and large intestines were found to increase with age. In prenatal age groups, tunica mucosa of both small and large intestines was thrown into ridge like folds with variable heights in 30 day-old guinea pig foetuses. In 45 day-old foetuses, tunica mucosa had both folds and villi. In 62 days-old guinea pig foetuses well developed villi were observed in the tunica mucosa of small intestine. Only folds were noticed in the large intestine. Surface epithelium of tunica mucosa of both the segments of small and large intestines of 30 day-old guinea pig foetuses was made up of stratified to simple columnar epithelium. In 45 day-old fetuses stratified epithelium was observed only in few places. In 62 day-old fetuses, simple columnar epithelium was evident. The occurrence of goblet cells gradually increased from 30 day-old to 62 day-old foetuses in the segments of both small and large intestines. Cytoplasm of goblet cells showed positive reaction to PAS, AB pH 2.5 and combined AB-PAS methods. The crypts of Liberkuhn were observed to be more in 62 day-old fetuses of small and large intestines. Evidence of Bruimer’s glands was noticed in the submucosa of duodenum of 62 day-old foetuses. But, in 45 day-old foetuses, submucosa of the ileum showed the presence of lymphocytic infiltration along with a few solitary lymphoid nodules. Well developed submucosa and tunica muscularis was evident in 62 day-old foetuses in both small and large intestines. Tunica serosa of both small and large intestines was found to be present in all the prenatal age groups.ThesisItem Restricted GROSS AND MICROANATOMY OF THE HEPATOPANCREATIC ORGAN IN GUINEA PIG {Cavia porcellus)(2021) Rajathi S; TANUVAS; Geetha Ramesh; Kannan TA; Sriram P; Hemalatha SThe present study was undertaken to access the gross and microanatomy of hepatopancreatic organs namely liver, gall bladder and pancreas in guinea pigs of two prenatal and four postnatal age groups. Hepatopancreatic organs were collected from the guinea pigs received from department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Chennai. Gross anatomical observations and morphometrical measurements were recorded. Tissue pieces of hepatopancreatic organs in all age groups were subjected to routine and special histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The liver was located in the cranial right side of the abdominal cavity and was reddish brown in colour with six lobes, two surfaces and four borders. Falciform, coronary, round, triangular, hepatorenal and hepatogastric ligaments were observed in all postnatal ages. The gall bladder was pearshaped and located in gall fossa of liver. Cystic duct was the duct of gall bladder. Pancreas was irregular in shape with splenic, ventricular and intestinal lobes. The morphometric parameters of hepatopancreatic organs were increased with age. The capsule of liver was dense regular type with collagen and reticular fibres. Septa were not evident in the parenchyma except at portal areas. The parenchyma appeared as hexagonal lobules with large polygonal in shape hepatocytes with eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm and round basophilic nucleus ananged in radiating cords from central vein to periphery. Sinusoids lined by flattened epithelial cells were found between the cords and contained Kupffer cells.ThesisItem Restricted GROSS AND MICROANATOMICAL STUDIES OF OVARY OF BUFFALO (Bubalus bubalis)(2018) Kumar, K; Sathymoorthy, OR; Kumary, Usha; Hemalatha, S; TANUVASGross and microanatomical studies of the ovary in buffalo was carried out in two different age groups viz., Group I (four to six year- old) and Group II (seven to nine year- old). Six animals from each group were utilized for the research work. The gross anatomical parameters like weight, length and width were measured. The tissue samples were collected and fixed in different fixatives for routine paraffin embedding. The paraffin sections of 5-6μm thickness were used for routine and special staining techniques. The ovary of buffalo was an ovoid and relatively dense structure. The ovarian surface presented follicles and corpus luteum of different sizes at different stages of their development and regression. There was no significant difference between the weight and length of ovaries between two age groups.ThesisItem Open Access ANATOMIC EVALUATION OF HEART USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND RADIOGRAPHY IN INDIGENOUS BREEDS OF DOGS(2018) Bhargavi, S; Kannan, TA; Ramesh, Geetha; Sumathi, D; Arun Prasad, A; TANUVASAnatomic evaluation of heart using Two-dimensional echocardiography and radiography was done in 12 apparently healthy Rajapalayam dogs (young – 6; adult – 6) and 12 Chippiparai (young – 6; adult – 6) dogs. On radiographic examination, the heart was located obliquely in the middle mediastinal space from third to seventh intercostal space in both Rajapalayam and Chippiparai dogs. Shape of the heart was found to be narrow, tall and slightly upright in Chippiparai dogs and was globular, more obliquely placed in Rajapalayam dogs.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SPERMATOGONIAL STEM CELLS (sscs) IN MICE(TANUVAS, 2016) Kaavya, R; Kannan, TA; TANUVAS; Sabiha Hayath Basha; Vairamuthu, Slsolation and characterization of Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) was carried out in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal age groups of mice. Histological observation of the testicular tissue revealed the presence of gonocytcs, Type A spermatogonia, Type B spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, Scrtoli cells and Leydig cells in pro-pubertal mice. ln addition to these cellular populations, testes of post—pubertal age groups showed secondary spermatocytes, round and elongated spermatids.ThesisItem Open Access GROSS AND MICROANATOMICAL STUDIES OF THE TESTIS IN GUINEA FOWL (Numida Meleagris)(TANUVAS, 2016) Dharani, P; Usha Kumary, S; TANUVAS; Venkatesan, S; Cecilia JosephGross and microanatomical studies of the testis in guinea fowl was conducted in different age groups viz., five, eight, twelve, fifteen and eighteen months. Six birds from each group were utilized for the research work. The gross anatomical parameters like testicular Weight, length, width, thickness, circumference, volume were measured. Apart from these parameters, the gonadosomatic index Was calculated. Among the age groups, aforesaid parameters were found to be minimum in five month-old guinea fowl and maximum in twelve month-old guinea fowl. The tissue samples were collected and fixed in different fixatives for tissue processing. Cryosections of fresh unfixed tissues were utilized for the histochemical studies. Gross and microanatomical studies of the testis in guinea fowl was conducted in different age groups viz., five, eight, twelve, fifteen and eighteen months. Six birds from each group were utilized for the research work. The gross anatomical parameters like testicular Weight, length, width, thickness, circumference, volume were measured. Apart from these parameters, the gonadosomatic index Was calculated. Among the age groups, aforesaid parameters were found to be minimum in five month-old guinea fowl and maximum in twelve month-old guinea fowl. The tissue samples were collected and fixed in different fixatives for tissue processing. Cryosections of fresh unfixed tissues were utilized for the histochemical studies.ThesisItem Open Access HISTOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THYMUS AND BURSA OF FABRICIUS IN GUINEA FOWL(TANUVAS, Namakkal, 2015) TANUVAS; Balasundaram, K.; Jayachitra, S.; Sivaseelan, S.The bursa of Fabricids and thymus in guinea fowi was primary lymphoepitheiiai organs. The present study on the bursa of Fabricius was proposed to give a clear picture on gross and microanatorny of these organs in guinea fowls. Bursa of Fabricius and thymus Were Collected from different age groups of birds from day old to 9 months in both the sexes.
