MORPHO-HISTOLOGY OF IMMUNE ORGANS IN TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo)
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Date
2022
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Abstract
The elaborate anatomy of immune organs in turkey helps to develop new approaches in treatment of infectious and immune- mediated diseases. The immune system is made up of network of cells, tissues and organs which works together to protect the body from infection. The turkey will be an excellent model alternate to chicken to conduct immunological research to understand the disease resistance. The immune organs of interest studied in this research were bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and Harderian gland. These immune organs were studied from day-old at monthly intervals up to ten months of age with special emphasis to age dependent changes.
The bursa of Fabricius was an unpaired pouch-like diverticulum on the dorsal wall of the proctodeum of cloaca and connected to it by a short stalk. Its lumen was obscured by longitudinally oriented mucosal plica. In both the sexes, the bursa of Fabricius show accelerated growth from day-old to six months of age. The declining phase of growth was noticed from seven months and completely involuted at nine months in hen and eleven months in tom.
The wall of the bursa of Fabricius was formed by three tunics, viz., tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa formed numerous mucosal folds which had surface epithelium constituted by follicle associated and interfollicular epithelium and lymphoid follicles. Each follicle showed outer cortex and inner medulla separated by reticulo-epithelial cells. The reticular structure showed homogenous eosinophilic mass with many reticulo-epithelial cells in medulla. The stroma of organ displayed many collagen, reticular and few elastic fibres.