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ThesisItem Restricted STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PATTANAM ADU SHEEP IN ITS NATIVE TRACT OF TAMIL NADU(2021) SUNDARAMOORTHY M; TANUVAS; KUMARAVELU N; THANAGA.THAMIL VANAN; SERMA SARAVANA PANDIAN AA study was conducted to document the performance of Pattanam adu sheep in its native tract of Tamil Nadu in Ramanathapuram and Virudhunagar district. In Ramanathapuram district three blocks and in Virudhunagar district two blocks were selected, from each block six villages and from each villages two flocks were selected randomly. A total number of 60 flocks were included in the study. The flocks were divided as small (less than 80), medium (81 to 160) and large (above 160) based on the flock size for comparison. Majority of the flock owners were Hindus and belonged to the backward classes, mostly Konars and were illiterates. Nuclear family type was predominant among the flock owners. In small flock owning families dependent ratio were higher followed by medium and large flock owning families. The annual income was higher in large farms followed by medium and small flocks owners in the study area. The large flock owners had large land holding (7.09 acres) followed by small (3.89 acres) and medium (3.79 acres) flock owners and were having sheep husbandry as their primary occupation. Flock size of Pattanam sheep in study area is 77.33 ± 1.15, 133.67 ± 3.99 and 243.00 ± 20.21 in small, medium and large flocks, respectively. Majority of the sheep farmers were absolute owners of the flock and had above 20 years of experience. In migratory flocks many owners combined into groups for migration rather going as an individual flock. The mean migratory distance (km) in small, medium and large flocks were 55, 33 and 75, respectively. Majority of the sheep farmers provided makeshift nylon net enclosures as shelter to their flocks. All the farmers supplemented fodder for lambs and sick animals were also given feed and fodder supplementation. Large hemispherical shaped baskets called „Koodu‟ were used for housing young lambs. Majority of the sheep flocks moved a distance of five to seven km (both ways) followed by nine, eight, four and ten km distance during summer season and flocks were watered three times per day followed by two times and four times.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FLOORING SYSTEMS ON FATTENING PIGS(2021) SUBHALEKHA R; TANUVAS; YASOTHA A; MEENAKSHI SUNDARAM S; SENTHIL KUMAR RPA study was conducted to assess the growth performance of Large White Yorkshire weaned pigs in three different flooring systems viz., solid concrete floor (T1), raised slatted concrete floor (T2) and raised slatted polypropylene floor (T3). Ten numbers (5 males and 5 females in each treatment) of weaned Large White Yorkshire pigs were allotted to each treatment group with average body weight of 16.50±0.50 kg. The data on growth performance in terms of body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency, thermal comfort included ambient temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, temperature humidity index and air quality index, animal comfort with respect to animal skin temperature and respiration rate, blood parameters, microbial load of the floor before and after using disinfectant, hoof condition score, health and slaughter studies were recorded as per the standard procedures and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. The overall body weight in T2 was numerically higher but statistically no difference was observed between the treatment groups. Similar trend was observed in body weight gain and average daily gain but there is significant (P<0.01) difference was observed in eight fortnight body weight gain and seventh fortnight average daily gain between the treatment groups. The feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and blood profile of pigs showed no significant difference between the treatment groups. In all the three types of flooring patterns studied, temperature humidity index ranged between 80 and 82. Microclimate values and air quality index did not differ between treatments but higher values were observed in the afternoon than morning hours. Highly significant (P<0.01) difference was recorded between the treatment groups in physiological parameters such as skin temperature and respiration rate. Microbial load was high in all the three flooring patterns however there was numerical reduction in microbial load after cleaning and disinfecting the floors with Kohrsolin disinfectant especially in raised slatted concrete floor (T2). There are no abnormalities detected in hoof and health conditions of pigs in all the treatment groups. The locomotory movement conditions of pigs were more pronounced in raised slatted concrete floor (T2). Animals in T2 treatment group showed numerically higher range of carcass length, dressing percentage and back fat thickness when compared to other treatment groups T3 and T1. The result of the study showed that T2 group maintained in raised slatted concrete floor had a lesser production cost of 23.97 per cent (Rs.71.16) per kg of body weight gain, followed by T1 group (solid concrete floor) with 24.17 per cent (Rs.71.20) when compared to the raised slatted polypropylene floor (T3) with 29.85 per cent (Rs.89.57) as production cost per kg of body weight gain.ThesisItem Restricted STRATEGIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MECHERI SHEEP(2021) ABINESH KM; TANUVAS; SURESH KUMAR K; MURALIDHARAN J; VENKATARAMANAN RThe study was designed to assess the strategic feed supplementation on body condition score, productive and reproductive performances of Mecheri sheep. Eighty cyclic Mecheri ewes aged between 2 and 4 years belonging to Mecheri Sheep Research Station (MSRS), Pottaneri, were utilised used for this study. The animals were divided equally into control and treatment groups, each group consisting of 40 animals. The animals for each group were allotted based on body condition scoring namely < 2.5, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and > 3.5 with eight animals in each BCS level. The control group animals were maintained under semi-intensive system of rearing with eight hours of grazing and concentrate supplementation @ 150 grams / ewe / day for the entire trial period. The treatment group animals were maintained under strategic feed supplementation. The ewes in this group were maintained under semi-intensive system of rearing with eight hours of grazing and concentrate supplementation @ 150 grams / ewe / day for the entire trial period. Apart from the regular feed supplementation, these animals were strategically supplemented with additional 250 grams of concentrate feed 21 days before ram introduction and continued for two oestrous cycles. In addition, strategic supplementation was given during last month of pregnancy and first month of lactation. The body weight of ewes at mating and lambing was found to be statistically non-significant between the treatment groups. Age of the ewes was found to have a significant (P<0.05) effect on weight at mating and lambing. BCS at mating and lambing had a significant (P<0.05) effect on body weight of ewes between different BCS groups. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in birth and weaning weight of lambs born to ewes of different treatment groups. The age of ewes was found to have a significant effect (P<0.05) on birth and weaning weight of lambs. Body Condition Score at mating had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on birth and weaning weight of lambs. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant effect of supplementation and age of the ewes on average weight gain during pregnancy in different treatment groups. The supplementation had a significant (P<0.05) effect on average weight gain during pregnancy between the BCS groups, with ewes in BCS group 2.5 to 3.0 had gained highest weight (6.94 ± 2.51 kg) during pregnancy. Supplementation and age of the ewes revealed no significant difference in tupping percentage, lambing percentage, duration of pregnancy and lamb survival between the treatment groups. BCS at mating had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on tupping percentage and lamb survival and significant (P<0.05) effect on lambing percentage. The total variable cost to produce one lamb differed between the groups, the lowest cost of production of lamb was observed in control group than the supplementation group. Total kilograms of weight produced at the time of weaning differed between the groups. In supplementation group, the total kilograms of weaning weight produced was 517.5 kg and it was 440.9 kg in control group. The revenue generated from one ewe was highest in supplementation group than the control group. The results revealed that animals can be maintained under maintenance ration followed in the farm. The animals with lower BCS in a flock need to be identified and preferentially supplement them to increase the body condition score for augmenting the productive and reproductive performance.ThesisItem Restricted EFFECT OF EARLY WEANING ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES IN LARGE WHITE YORKSHIRE PIGLETS REARED UNDER ORGANIZED MODERN BREEDING FARM(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) VINITHA V.; TANUVAS; CLEMENT EBENEZER HENRY A.; PARAMASIVAM A.; RAJARAJAN G.The purpose of the research work was to study the effect of early weaning on production performance and behavioural changes in piglets. The experiment was carried out on Large White Yorkshire piglets housed in the modem pig breeding facility of the Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu. Piglets from three separate sows of the same parity were regarded as three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), each group with eight piglets selected on the basis of weight and weaned at 28 days (T1), 42 days (T2), and 56 days (T3) of age, respectively, for the research work. The mean birth weights (kg) of three treatment groups T1, T2 and T3 were 1.51 ± 0.07, 1.40 ± 0.04 and 1.44 ± 0.05 respectively. There was no significant difference in birth weight between the treatment group of piglets. The data on weaning weight (kg) of three treatment groups T1 (28 days), T2 (42 days) and T3 (56 days) were 6.49 ± 0.22, 8.69 ± 0.26 and 11.26 ± 0.49 respectively. The mean body weight at 26th week of age for the three treatment groups T1, T2 and T3 were 61.42 ± 1.68, 58.82 ± 1.17 and 60.07 ± 2.00 respectively. There was no significant change in weekly body weight measured from the first to the 26th week of age between treatment groups.ThesisItem Restricted A SURVEY ON PATTANAM SHEEP PRODUCTION SYSTEM AND BREED DISTRIBUTION STATUS IN CAUVERY DELTA ZONE OF TAMIL NADU(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2022) ALWIN NISHANTH A.; TANUVAS; PARAMASIVAM A.; RICHARD JAGATHEESAN P.N.; RAMACHANDRAN M.A study was carried out to document the Pattanam sheep production system, management practices and to know the breed distribution status in Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai districts of Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu. The survey was conducted from 180 farmers in the selected districts with a pre-tested interview schedule for identifying the present Pattanam sheep production system, management practices followed, Pattanam sheep breed distribution and biometry of Pattanam sheep at different age groups. Pattanam sheep farmers in Cauvery Delta Zone were mainly males (98.33 per cent), middle age group (54.44 per cent) with primary school of education (40.00 per cent) and marginal land holders (70.55 per cent) with agriculture as their primary and had cattle, sheep rearing as secondary occupation (44.44 per cent) with the flock capacity of minimum 25 to 50 sheep (35.00 per cent). They had more than 7 years of experience (78.33 per cent) in sheep farming but lack of knowledge about the training programmes (96.11 per cent) in sheep farming.ThesisItem Restricted PERFORMANCE OF SALEM BLACK GOATS SUPPLEMENTED WITH CONCENTRATE FEED DURING DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) BHARATHY, N.; TANUVAS; ANANDHA PRAKASH SINGH, D.; SIVAKUMAR, K.; NATARAJAN, A.; MURALI, N.; VASANTHAKUMAR, P.A study was carried out at Livestock Farm Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu from February 2019 to February 2020 to find out the performance of Salem Black goats supplemented with concentrate feed at graded levels during different physiological states. Two biological trials were conducted to assess the reproductive, growth performance and cost effectiveness of Salem Black goats reared under semi-intensive system of rearing. The first trial was conducted to study the reproductive performance of Salem Black goats using 32 adult female animals (2 to 5 years of age). The experimental groups included control (T1) group allowed for grazing alone, whereas those goats reared under T2 T3 and T4 groups were offered concentrate feed at graded levels viz. 100 g, 200 g and 300 g, respectively during crucial stages of reproduction such as flushing period (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after mating) as well as steaming-up period (4 weeks before and 4 weeks after kidding).ThesisItem Restricted PERFORMANCE OF SOVIET CHINCHILLA RABBITS UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES(2022) ANANDAN N; TANUVAS; VENKATARAMANAN R; USHA S; BANDESWARAN CThe study was conducted to assess the performance of Soviet Chinchilla rabbits under different feeding regimes at Livestock Farm Complex, Madhavaram milk colony, Chennai-51. A total number of thirty Soviet Chinchilla weaned bunnies were divided into three groups vizT1: (Concentrate diet + Guinea grass), T2: (Concentrate diet + Hydroponic maize) and T3: (Concentrate diet + Hydroponic cowpea). All the animals were reared in cages under similar management conditions. Data on microclimatic variables, body weight, average daily body weight gain, average dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, cost off odder production, cost of rabbit production/kg live weight gain,carcasscharacteristics,blood and biochemical parameters and reproductive performance were collected. At the start of the trial, the body weight (kg) of rabbits inT1,T2 and T3 were 0.82 ± 0.06, 0.70 ± 0.06 and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively and at the end of the trial (24 weeks), were 2.15 ± 0.09, 2.37 ± 0.11 and 2.16 ± 0.10 kg, respectively. Rabbits under T2 had numerically higher body weight than T1 and T3. The overall weight gain (g) in T1, T2 and T3 were 1333.10 ± 54.84, 1673.80 ± 83.82 and 1390.60 ± 62.95, respectively which showed highly significant (P≤ 0.01) difference between the treatment groups. The rabbit fed hydroponic maize had significantly higher body weight gain than those were fed with hydroponic cowpea and guinea grass. The overall average daily gain in T1, T2 and T3 were 10.58 ± 0.44, 13.28 ± 0.67 and 11.04 ± 0.50 which showed highly significant (P≤ 0.01)differencebetween the groups. The overall daily concentrate feed intake (g) in T1, T2 and T3 were 56.60 ± 2.10, 52.00 ± 1.11 and 63.12 ± 0.97, respectively and corresponding value for green fodder intake (g) in T1, T2 and T3 were 223.67 ± 5.82, 183.95 ± 2.16 and 71.04 ± 1.41, respectively.Overall green fodder intake was significantly higher in T1 followed by T2 and T3.Overall dry matter intake from concentrate feed and green forage (g) in T1, T2 and T3 were 100.25 ± 2.39, 79.61 ± 1.27 and 64.11 ± 0.85 which differed significantly between the treatment groups. The overall feed conversion ratio in T1, T2 and T3 were 9.64, 6.12 and 5.97 where better feed conversion ratio was observed in hydroponic fodder fed groups (T2 and T3).ThesisItem Restricted ENHANCING PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF TELLICHERRY GOATS BY ACCELERATED KIDDING SYSTEM(2021) Muthuramalingam T; TANUVAS; Meenakshi Sundaram S; Tensingh Gnanaraj P; Sivakumar T; Vairamuthu S; Rangasamy SAn investigation was carried out to study the productive and reproductive performance of Tellicherry goats under “accelerated kidding system” and early weaning system in comparison to conventional system. Forty numbers Tellicherry does aged between 2-2 ’A years were randomly selected and allotted into five treatment groups namely, Treatment 1 (Tl) - Oestrous synchronization using hormone + 90 days weaning, Treatment 2 (T2) -Oestrous synchronization using hormone + 60 days weaning. Treatment 3 (T3) - Oestrous synchronization using Buck effect + 90 days weaning, Treatment 4 (T4) -Oestrous synchronization using Buck effect + 60 days weaning and Treatment 5 (T5) - Control (Conventional mating and weaning) of eight animals in each group. Oestrous synchronization of does was carried out using exogenous hormones and buck effect in Tl, T2 groups and T3, T4 groups respectively. Does in the T5 group (control) were maintained along with buck round the clock. Hemato-biochemical parameters during different physiological status; milk yield and composition during different stages of lactation and gestation period during two kidding were recorded. Reproductive performance of does and productive performance of kids bora under accelerated kidding system and early weaning system were studied. Economics were calculated for the entire study period. Reduction in body weight and body condition score (P<0.01) was noticed during the early lactation period. Elevated levels of Hb, PCV and RBC count were noticed during the late gestation period while marked decrease was noticed during the lactation period. Elevated LDH level (P<0.01) was observed during late pregnancy, early and mid lactation period. Elevated BUN and total protein levels (P<0.01) were observed during late pregnancy and lactation period. The serum levels of glucose and triglyceride were lowest during early lactation and highest during early pregnancy and dry period. Calcium level started to decline as the pregnancy advanced and it reached its minimum during the first month of lactation (P<0.01). Reduction in phosphorus level was noticed during early and late lactation. Milk yield remained unchanged in all the stages of lactation. The milk fat percentage was significantly higher (P<0.0l) during mid and late lactation while the SNF percentage and specific gravity were higher (P<0.01) during early lactation. Hormonally synchronized does (T1 & T2) exhibited 100% oestrus rate with significantly higher (P<0.01) oestrus intensity. Conventionally mated does required minimal number of services per conception. Second estrum post kidding was found to be the most fertile oestrus with higher conception rate in all the treatment groups. In terms of conception rate, conventional mating stands first followed by synchronization using buck effect with weaning at 60 days and synchronization using hormone with weaning at 90 days. All treatment groups had 100% kidding rate. Numerically, higher singlet percentage was noticed in conventionally mated does and does synchronized using buck effect with weaning at 90 days. Higher twinning percentage was observed in does synchronized using buck effect with weaning at 60 days followed by honnonally synchronized does with weaning at 90 days. Hormonally synchronized does with weaning at 60 days and 90 days had higher triplet percentage. Hormonally synchronized does (Tl, T2) numerically higher kids bom/ doe/ year. Hormonally synchronized does conventionally mated does conceived significantly (P<0.01) earlier and biShorter kidding interval. Conventionally mated does and hormonally synchronized does with weaning at 60 days gave birth to heavier kids. Kids bom to conventionally mated does had significantly higher weaning weight, weight at six months and weight at nine months. Conventionally mated does and hormonally synchronized does with weaning at 90 days produced significantly higher biomass / kidding. Kids bora to conventionally mated does had significantly higher (P<0.01) post-weaning and overall average daily gain. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between weaning at 90 days and weaning at 60 days in terms of days to first estrum post kidding, days to conception post kidding, number of services per conception and kidding interval. Kids weaned early by 60 days had significantly lower (P<0.01) weaning weight, body weight at six months, body weight at nine months, total biomass produced ! kidding, pre-weaning average daily gain, post weaning average daily gain and overall average daily gain compared to kids weaned at 90 days. The conventional kidding system group had higher net income/ year and net income/ year/ doe followed by hormonal synchronization with weaning at 90 days group. 60 days weaning irrespective of synchronization method incurred economic loss.ThesisItem Restricted EVALUATION OF HEAT TOLERANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED DAIRY CATTLE IN CAUVERY DELTA REGION OF TAMIL NADU(2021) CLEMENT EBENEZER HENRY A; TANUVAS; Sivakumar T; Ramesh V; Ramachandran M; Rajarajan GThe aim of the study was to look into the current management practices of crossbred dairy cattle among farmers in the Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, mainly Tiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, and parts of Pudukkottai districts. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect information on existing management practices and constraints from 90 randomly selected crossbred dairy farmers. In the Cauvery Delta region, the majority of cross-bred dairy farmers (48.89 per cent) were medium-aged and educated. Moreover, animal husbandry was either the primary (25.56 per cent) or secondary (74.44 per cent) occupation of farmers. The herd size of animal maintained by farmers were nearly identical in all groups with large (above 10 animals) 35.56 per cent, small (1 to 5 animals) 34.44 per cent and medium (6 to 10 animals) 30.00 per cent. In this region, 42.22 per cent of farmers had more than 20 years of experience, 38.89 per cent had less than 10 years of experience, and 18.89 per cent had 11 to 12 years of experience respectively, in crossbred cattle rearing. In this study region, the crossbred dairy cattle were housed in loose type of housing with East - West orientation by 70 per cent of the farmers adjacent to their homes. The commonly prevalent roofing pattern was gable type (54.45 per cent) with galvanized iron sheet (33.33 per cent) as roofing material. Semi-intensive system of rearing was widely practiced (66.67 per cent) in this region with all farmers feeding concentrates ranging from 300 to 400 g (46.66 percent) to 401 to 500 g (45.56 per cent) on the basis of milk yield per animal per day. Majority (85.55 per cent) of the farmers provided green fodder and almost all the farmers provided dry fodder with most of them fed nearly 5 to 6 kg per day (60.00 per cent) to their dairy cattle either from their own harvest or purchased. Mineral mixture (64.40 per cent) was the most widely used feed supplement. Artificial insemination (81.11 per cent) was the most widely used breeding method. Regarding calf management practices in this region, colostrum feeding (100 per cent), ligation of navel cord (53.33 per cent) and deworming (81.11 per cent) were commonly followed. Vaccination (98.89 per cent), deworming (94.44 per cent) and isolation of sick animals (88.89 per cent) were habitually followed to control diseases. Excellent milking practices like cleaning of animals, utensils and hands (100 percent) were adopted. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI), Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) and Heat Load Index (HLT) values of thatched shed were 82.06 ± 0.49, 83.17 ± 0.64 and 87.32 ± 1.36, respectively, which were significantly low compared to other roofing structures in farmer’s field. The diverse impediments significantly faced by crossbred dairy cattle farmers in this region were scarcity of feed resources, high feed costs, repeat breeding, ignorance about selection and breeding and involvement and exploitation by middlemen. In this study region, the crossbred dairy cattle were housed in loose type of housing with East - West orientation by 70 per cent of the farmers adjacent to their homes. The commonly prevalent roofing pattern was gable type (54.45 per cent) with galvanized iron sheet (33.33 per cent) as roofing material. To evaluate the effect of heat stress on the performance of crossbred dairy cattle for all the four seasons, the meteorological parameters inside the cattle shed were recorded daily in the organized farm. Higher significant difference (P<0.01) was observed for average feels like temperature between all four seasons but A Highly significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in the evening after exposure to sunlight for the physiological responses of rectal temperature, skin temperature (rump and shoulder) and respiration rate for all the four seasons, but pulse rate showed highly significant difference (P<0.01) between seasons except winter and NEM. Hematological values of RBC count and Hb in crossbred dairy cattle showed highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the evening after exposure to sunlight between winter and summer; winter and SWM respectively, whereas the PCV values were highly significant (P<0.01) between winter and summer seasons. Cortisol levels in the evening showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between winter and summer; winter and SWM, while T3 levels showed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) between winter and summer; winter and SWM; NEM and summer respectively. It was observed from the study, that a highly significant difference (P<0.01) was observed for Iberia Heat Tolerance Test (HTC) and Benezra’s Coefficient of Adaptability (BCA) values between four seasons but Dairy Search Index (DSI) values were also highly significant (P<0.01) between seasons except NEM and winter; SWM and summer respectively. The HTC value for crossbred dairy cattle during summer (94.39 ± 0.28) was low and less heat tolerant, whereas the BCA and DSI values for SWM (2.79 ± 0.02 and 1.073 ± 0.003 respectively) and summer (2.88 ± 0.02 and 1.078 ± 0.002 respectively) showed deviation from adaptability. average ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and black globe temperature showed higher significant difference (P<0.01) between seasons except during South West Monsoon (SWM) and summer. The average THI value of the cattle shed were highly significant (P<0.01) between four seasons whereas the average BGHl and HLI values were highly significant (P<0.01) between seasons except SWM and summer. The average THI value was within comfort zone during winter (73.09 ± 0.21) whereas it exceeded during all other seasons. The average BGHI values of the dairy cattle shed were comfortable for winter (75.47 ±0.18) and North East Monsoon (NEM) (76.73 ± 0.15), whereas the HLI values were comfortable only in winter (75.59 ± 1.13). Highly significant difference was noticed in fat, SNF and protein content of evening milk samples between winter and seasons of SWM and summer and between NEM and summer. The average daily milk yield was highly significant (P<0.01) between seasons and a higher yield was recorded in winter (6.80 ± 0.04). THI, BGHI and HLI values were negatively conelated with daily milk yield. The HTC values were positively correlated with daily milk yield, whereas the BCA and DSI values were negatively correlated. The ameliorative treatment groups (T?, T3 and T4) showed highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in physiological responses when compared to control (Tj) in the evening after exposure to sunlight in heat ameliorative study. The HTC values of the ameliorative groups showed highly significant (P<0.01) increase from control. Similarly, BCA and DSI values showed highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in ameliorative groups from control. The hematological values (RBC count, Hb, PCV and Platelet count) and milk composition (SNF content and protein content of milk) of the ameliorative group (T3) showed significant (P<0.05) increase in their values compared to control. The daily milk yield was highly significant (P<0.01) between ameliorative groups and control. Among the ameliorative treatment groups, the T3 group supplemented with yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.5g per animal/ day) and splashing of water had better performance level during summer.
