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ThesisItem Restricted IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHISM AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF SELE ASSOCIATED WITH CANINE LYMPHOMA(2021) DHAARANI C; TANUVAS; THILAK PON JAWAHAR KA molecular study was carried out to screen for polymorphism in canine p53 and GSTT1 genes, and expression analysis of tumorigenesis markers, TK1, TK2 and MCP1 genes in dogs. A total of 69 lymphoma affected (32 animals belonging to larger breeds, 8 to smaller breeds and 29 indigenous) and 8 healthy (control) dogs were screened for polymorphism using six overlapping primer sets for complete canine p53 gene and 4 primer sets for exonic regions of GSTT1 genes. The PCR amplicons of representative samples (n=14) revealed a complete sequence homology across different genetic groups for p53 gene; while, a total of 4 variations were observed in GSTT1 gene viz., one in exon 5 (10498C>T) and three in introns (2380G>A, 10214T>C and 10324_10330 deletion). The SNP 10498C>T was found to be a non-synonymous mutation, in which 225th amino acid “proline” was replaced by “leucine”, but the structural assessment of GSTT1 protein did not reveal any variation in protein configuration. The levels of hemoglobin and packed cell volume were found to be significantly (P<0.01) lower in lymphoma affected than in control dogs. Whereas, the were significantly higher (P<0.01) in lymphoma affected dogs than in control. The least-squares analyses of variance for the effects of SNP (10498C>T), sex, form and grade of lymphoma on hematological and biochemical parameters revealed a significant (P<0.05) influence of SNP genotype with the biochemical parameter, alkaline phosphatase; however, in respect of hematological parameters, sex of the animal was a significant (P<0.05) source of variation influencing packed cell volume.ThesisItem Restricted MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION IN CATTLE USING FISH TECHNIQUE(2021) VEMULA HARSHINI; TANUVAS; KUMARASAMY P; CAUVERI D; MANGALA GOWRI A; RANGASAMY SA molecular cytogenetic investigation was carried out to screen for chromosomal abnormalities in breeding bulls, to characterize the X-and Y-chromosomes and to determine the sex ratio of X-enriched semen samples. A total of 1072 breeding bulls belonging to 196 Jersey, 10 Holstein Friesian, 626 Jersey crossbreds, 85 Holstein Friesian crossbreds, 81 Kangayam, 33 Red Sindhi, 15 Pulikulam, 12 Vechur, 3 Kasargod Dwarf and 11 non-descript were karyologically screened, before subjecting for the frozen semen production. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference (P<0.01) in relative lengths of the Y-chromosome between Bos indicus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus crosses. The arm ratio and centromeric index differed significantly (P<0.01) between meta- and sub-metacentric Y chromosomes within the crossbreds. A Kangayam bull was found to possess a sub-telocentric Y-chromosome, being polymorphic with differences in CBG- and GTG-banding patterns. Karyotyping of a Holstein Friesian crossbred bull revealed an acrocentric Y-chromosome and which was further confirmed with CBG-banding. A case of sex chromosome chimerism (60, XX/XY) was observed in a freemartin calf and male co-twin born to an indigenous cow. The conventional PCR revealed the presence of ZFX and SRY genes in both the animals, while the SYBR green real-time PCR technique quantified high ZFX gene expression levels as 81.66 and 88.35 per cent respectively in freemartin and male co-twin. In addition, a Jersey crossbred female calf with 60, XX complement was diagnosed as a singleton freemartin based on the differential expression of ZFX and SRY genes (97.63 and 2.37 per cent respectively).ThesisItem Restricted GENETIC EVALUATION OF SEMEN PRODUCTION AND FERTILITY TRAITS IN EXOTIC, CROSSBRED AND INDIGENOUS CATTLE AND BUFFALOES(2021) BHAVE KAUSTUBH GAJANAN; TANUVAS; THILAK PON JAWAHAR K; KUMARASAMY P; SIVAKUMAR T; CECILIA JOSEPH; ENKATARAMANAN RThe records of 736 bulls comprised of 2,69,795; 9,662 and 2,239 ejaculates of semen production, semen quality and sperm abnormality data respectively, while, 5,76,870 artificial inseminations on different genetic groups were broadly classified into five categories viz. Holstein Friesian, Jersey, crossbreds of Holstein Friesian and Jersey, indigenous cattle and buffaloes. The effect of genetic and non-genetic effects on semen production, semen quality, sperm abnormality, and fertility traits were tested using linear mixed model. The effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on lifetime semen production performances were analysed using general linear model. The variance components were estimated by REML method using the animal repeatability model (univariate and multivariate) while, the breeding values were estimated using BLUP method. The order of ejaculate, collection interval, time of collection, breed × age at collection, semen collector × year of collection and month × year of collection had a significant influence (P<0.01) on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm, mass activity (only for buffaloes), initial motility, total motile sperm, post-thaw motility, and total motile sperm after thawing in both cattle and buffaloes. In case of sperm abnormality traits, level exotic inheritance, age at collection, had no effect (P>0.05) on Jersey crossbred bulls, while, the age at semen collection had a significant (P<0.05) effect on only mid-piece abnormality, total abnormal sperm, and total normal sperm of Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls. The breed and age at semen collection had a significant effect (P<0.05) on semen quality traits involving acrosome integrity of neat and frozen semen, hypo-osmotic swelling test and incubation tests in cattle. While, the breed and age at semen collection were mostly non-significantly influenced semen quality traits in buffaloes. However, season × year of collection significantly (P<0.01) affected (P<0.01) both sperm abnormality and semen quality traits. The fertility trait was significantly affected (P<0.05) by body condition score, stage of heat and order of parity etc. on different genetic groups.ThesisItem Restricted GENETIC VARIATION OF CATSPER AND PRM1 GENES IN CROSSBRED AND INDIGENOUS BULLS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SPERM MOTILITY(TANUVAS, CHENNAI, 2021) GANAPATHI, P.; TANUVAS; MURALI, N.; SELVARAJU, M.; RAJA, A.; SARAVANAN, R.The present study was formulated to identify polymorphism and quantitative expression of CatSper1,CatSper2 andPRM1 genes and their association with sperm motility in crossbred (Jersey crossbred and Holstein Friesian crossbred) and indigenous cattle breeds (Bargur and Kangayam) of Tamil Nadu. The semen production parameters pertaining to these crossbred and indigenous bulls were collected from the respective bull stations viz., Frozen Semen Production Stations (FSPS) located in Ooty, Hosur and Eachenkottai and Bargur Cattle Research Station, Bargur, Tamil Nadu. The whole blood, semen and tissue samples from each of Jersey crossbred and Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls were collected from these bulls after evaluation of initial motility and post thaw motility. The bulls were classified as freezable and non-freezable based on the semen evaluation results.ThesisItem Restricted GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCES OF MECHERI SHEEP UNDER NORTH-WESTERN AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONE OF TAMIL NADU(2022) BALASUNDARAM B; TANUVAS; THIRUVENKADAN AK; MURALI N; MURALIDHARAN J; CAUVERI DThe primary condition required for improvement of animals through genetic selection is genetic variance. Understanding of non-genetic sources of variation in performance traits is critical for developing the most effective management strategies to support genetic progress. If the problems of inbreeding and lamb mortality are not addressed, the genetic superiority in animals may not result in profitability for farmers. Hence, this genetic evaluation study was carried out on Mecheri sheep for production and reproduction traits, along with inbreeding and survival analysis. The data of Mecheri sheep maintained at Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri from 1979 to 2018 were utilized in this study, which included production data of 2616 lambs and reproduction data of 559 ewes with 1373 lambings for genetic evaluation, 4168 sheep for pedigree evaluation and 3715 farm-born lambs for survival analysis. Least-squares analyses were conducted with general linear models to evaluate the performance of Mecheri sheep and to study the effect of non-genetic factors on production and reproduction traits. To estimate genetic parameters of performance traits, the animal models were fitted in REML and Gibbs samplers of Bayesian inference. Pedigree details of Mecheri sheep were analyzed to estimate inbreeding coefficient of the individual in the population. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to study the survival of lambs.ThesisItem Restricted PREDICTION OF SEMEN PRODUCTION POTENTIAL USING CONVENTIONAL AND MACHINE LEARNING APPROACHES IN DAIRY STUD OF TAMIL NADU(2022) JEEVAN C; TANUVAS; KARTHICKEYAN SMK; GOPINATHAN A; TIRUMURUGAAN KG; VAIRAMUTHU SA study was conducted to predict the semen production potential of bulls with the objectives of analysing the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the seminal attributes, understanding the molecular variations influencing semen production and developing suitable prediction models for semen production traits. A total of 1,85,413 ejaculates of various genetic groups of cattle maintained at four frozen semen stations of Tamil Nadu from year 2001 to 2020 were analysed for semen production and quality traits. The factors viz. genetic group, farm, order of ejaculate, season, age and period showed significant influence at various levels on all the production and quality traits. The overall estimated marginal means for volume of ejaculate, concentration of spermatozoa, initial motility, total initial motile spermatozoa, total doses produced per ejaculate, post-thaw motility and total post-thaw motile spermatozoa were 3.11 ± 0.11 mL, 963 ± 30.60 million per mL, 79.50 ± 1.29 per cent, 1847 ± 118 million, 151.00 ± 7.20, 51 ± 0.42 per cent and 1535 ± 80.20 million respectively. The quality traits viz. live spermatozoa, total abnormal spermatozoa, hypo-osmotic reacted spermatozoa and acrosome integrity were also influenced by farm, genetic group, season, age and period of semen collection.ThesisItem Restricted CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOME-WIDE SNPs AND ANNOTATION OF HEAT TOLERANCE GENES IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREEDS OF TAMIL NADU(2022) MAHALAKSHMI L; TANUVAS; KARTHICKEYAN SMK; SABIHA HAYATH BASHACattle play a major role in agriculture in developing countries. Cattle breeds in India are well-adapted to the tropical climate, resistant to most of the tropical diseases and survive well in low input system. The genetic improvement of native cattle has been implemented in few breeds by selective breeding based on their phenotypic characteristics. Recently, genomic technologies like SNP genotyping and marker-assisted selection have been used to select animals based on their genetic makeup for which, identification of specific SNPs associated with economic traits is necessary. The SNP arrays currently used for genotyping are biased towards taurine cattle, which indicates the need to discover a substantial number of SNPs across many indigenous breeds, belonging to various geographical regions, to build new high-density SNP arrays for unbiased genotyping and subsequent genomic selection for economically important traits in indigenous cattle. Our study was aimed at identifying a greater number of SNPs and indels in the genome of five indigenous cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu, viz. Kangayam, Umblachery, Pulikulam, Bargur and Alambadi, which are known for their draught ability, through whole-genome sequencing and validation of SNPs in heat tolerance genes.ThesisItem Restricted RANDOM REGRESSIONS IN A BAYESIAN FRAMEWORK FOR MODELLING SEMEN PRODUCTION AND FERTILITY TRAITS IN HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN, HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN-CROSSBRED AND INDIGENOUS CATTLE(2022) AMBIKE VRINDA BINDUMADHAV; TANUVAS; VENKATARAMANAN R; KARTHICKEYAN SMK; TIRUMURUGAAN KGThe genetic potential of breeding bulls over the age of the bull was evaluated based on data on semen production (1,64,962 ejaculates), sperm abnormality (1527 ejaculates) and fertility (2,46,759 inseminations) traits collected from Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation (BAIF) in Holstein Friesian purebred (120 bulls) and crossbreds (177 bulls) and indigenous bulls (189 bulls). The semen production traits studied were ejaculate volume (EV- ml), sperm concentration (SC- 109/ml), initial sperm motility (ISM- %), post-thaw motility (PTM- %), the total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (TNS- 109/ejaculate), and the theoretical number of semen doses (TNSD). The sperm abnormality traits were head abnormality (HA- %), mid-piece abnormality (MA- %), tail abnormality (TA- %), and total abnormalities (A- %). Conception rate (CR- %) was the only fertility trait included which was measured as a binary trait. The performance of HF purebred and crossbred bulls was better than indigenous bulls except for ISM.ThesisItem Restricted GENETIC STUDY ON PERFORMANCE TRAITS OF MADRAS RED SHEEP UNDER FARM CONDITIONS(2017) KAVIRAJAN S; TANUVAS; Devandran P; Sivaselvam SN; Suresh Kumar KData (n=323l) on production and functional traits of Madras Red sheep available from 1991 to 2017 (26 years) at the Sheep and Goat Breeding Unit, Post-Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu were utilized for the study. The pedigree information was collected from the records maintained in the Institute. The production traits such as birth weight, body weight at weaning (3-month), 6-month, 9-month and 12-month and pre-weaning (birth to 3-month) and post- weaning (3- 6, 6-9, 9-12 and 3-12 month) average daily weight gains were studied.
