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Open Access
Studies on Stephanofilarial Dermatitis in Cattle
(Department of Veterinary Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 1987-04-15) Das, Prafulla Kumar; Tripathy, S.B.
NA
Open Access
Influence of oral supplementation of licorice powder (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on growth performance and stress alleviation in white Pekin ducks
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Jena, Punyaprabha; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Panda, S.K.; Beura, C.K.; Senapati, S.K.; Kumar, Dhirendra
Clear understanding and management of environmental stressors is critical to the successful poultry production. Exposure to heat is one of the major ecological stressors in poultry production. Ducks possessing high normal body temperature with no sweat glands, find it difficult to bear the scorching impact of heat stress. The present investigation was carried out to examine the ameliorative role of licorice supplementation on heat stress impacts in duckling. Twenty-four three weeks old White Pekin ducks divided into four groups with six ducks in each were raised for 42 days in the month of May and June in the farm in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded was 36.33±0.470C and 25.57±0.32 0C, respectively, with max and min relative humidity of 87.17±0.36% and 64.20±0.92%, respectively along with prevailing hot air waves. All the trial birds were raised in deep litter system with ad libitum feeding and watering, and were naturally subjected to heat stress during this period. One group of birds served as positive control (GR I) and were given only the basal diet. The treatment groups were organized as GR II, GR III and GR IV according to the amount of licorice supplemented per kg feed i.e., @250 mg/kg, @500 mg/kg, @1000 mg/kg, respectively. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in the body weight of birds in Group three and group four in contrast to control. Similarly, FCR marked significant reduction (p≤0.05) in Group three and group four. Ducks subjected to heat stress showed decrease in the Hb, PCV, lymphocytes count, compared to supplemented ducks. The addition of LE to the feed significantly reduced the adverse effects of heat stress on hematological parameters of ducks by increasing the Hb, PCV, lymphocytes and reducing the heterophils, and H/L ratio. The concentrations of serum LDH, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT and urea were higher in the HS groups when compared with the supplanted groups. In contrast, the concentrations of glucose, total protein, ALP, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, SOD, TAC and GSH were lower in the HS group compared to the treatment groups. Results revealed that inclusion of the LE in the feed of ducks exposed to heat stress resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALP, Ca, P, SOD, TAC and GSH whereas significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in LDH, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT, and urea as compared with control. The protective effect of 1000 mg Licorice/kg feed against the noxious effects of heat stress was greater than that of 250 mg Licorice/kg feed, and 500 mg Licorice/kg feed. So, it can be concluded that supplementation of Licorice particularly at the level of 1000 mg/kg of feed of White Pekin ducks exposed to heat stress can alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on general physiological status, and simultaneously can enhance the growth performance of ducks.
Open Access
Comparative study between immunization and anticoccidial drugs in management of challenged coccidiosis in Japanese quail
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Elmorsy, Mohamed Alaaeldein Mohamed; Senapati, Santosh Kumar; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Panda, Susen Kumar; Kundu, Akshaya Kumar; Mishra, Suryakant; Jena, Geeta Rani; Kumar, Dhirendra
Coccidiosis is one of the most economically important and pathogenic diseases infecting Japanese quail. Some Japanese quail farms in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, were examined for clinical signs of coccidiosis besides post-mortem findings of some collected dead birds and histopathological examination. Dropping samples were collected from the litter of different farms and brought to the laboratory for oocysts isolation and identification. Single oocyst isolation and propagation were conducted successfully for each Eimeria isolate. Three Eimeria species were identified; E. bateri, E. uzura, and E. tsunodai with infection rates of 58 %, 84 %, and 42 %, respectively. Molecular studies were conducted to identify some Eimeria species using the polymerase chain reaction assay for amplification of mitochondrial partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 gene. Two sequences from two Eimeria species (E. uzura and E. bateri) were successfully obtained. These sequences were submitted and recorded in GenBank, for the first time, by the accession numbers MZ045390 and MZ045391 for E. uzura strain MALAA20 and E. bateri strain MOAL20, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for the obtained sequences with some similar sequences available in GenBank. Two experimental studies were done. The first experiment was conducted to detect the efficacy of immunization of Japanese quail by low doses of live sporulated oocysts (100 and 1000) of each Eimeria isolate separately against coccidiosis challenge by high doses of the respective Eimeria species, and for determining the suitable low dose of oocysts of each Eimeria isolate for immunization. The evaluation relied on clinicopathological, parasitological, histopathological, performance, hematological, biochemical, and cell-mediated immune response parameters. The results showed that the immunization resulted in significantly better results, concerning all tested parameters, against the challenge compared to the non-immunized challenged controls. The results of 100-oocysts doses were better than those of 1000-oocysts doses with insignificant differences in most of the tested parameters. The second experiment was conducted for comparing the efficacy of the determined dose of immunization by live oocysts with the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs (amprolium and amprolium plus sulphaquinoxaline) and a selected herbal medicine (tulsi; Ocimum sanctum). The tested parameters were the same as in the first experiment, except cell mediated immune response, besides measuring total antioxidant capacity in the serum. 19 The findings of the second experiment revealed that all treatments showed better results compared to the positive controls in all tested parameters. Immunization gave better results than the use of anticoccidial medicines and tulsi regarding all tested parameters. Tulsi-treated (leaf powder as 1 % feed additive) and challenged quails showed better results compared to the positive controls. Anticoccidial drugs showed better results than tulsi with respect to clinical, parasitological, performance, and some hematological parameters. Tulsi-treated groups showed mortality rate equal to that of amprolium-treated groups. Tulsi and anticoccidials showed nearly equal degrees of histopathological lesions. Tulsi-treated groups showed higher RBCs, Hb, and PCV values, in case of the challenge by E. bateri or E. uzura, compared to those of amprolium plus sulphaquinoxaline-treated and amprolium-treated groups. Tulsi showed better results than the anticoccidial drugs concerning biochemical parameters and total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, vaccination gave better results compared to the two anticoccidial drugs and tulsi regarding various parameters
Open Access
Influence of oral supplementation of licorice powder (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on growth performance and stress alleviation in white Pekin ducks
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, 2021) Jena, Punyaprabha; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Panda, S.K.; Beura, C.K.; Senapati, S.K.; Kumar, Dhirendra
Clear understanding and management of environmental stressors is critical to the successful poultry production. Exposure to heat is one of the major ecological stressors in poultry production. Ducks possessing high normal body temperature with no sweat glands, find it difficult to bear the scorching impact of heat stress. The present investigation was carried out to examine the ameliorative role of licorice supplementation on heat stress impacts in duckling. Twenty-four three weeks old White Pekin ducks divided into four groups with six ducks in each were raised for 42 days in the month of May and June in the farm in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The maximum and minimum temperature recorded was 36.33±0.470C and 25.57±0.32 0C, respectively, with max and min relative humidity of 87.17±0.36% and 64.20±0.92%, respectively along with prevailing hot air waves. All the trial birds were raised in deep litter system with ad libitum feeding and watering, and were naturally subjected to heat stress during this period. One group of birds served as positive control (GR I) and were given only the basal diet. The treatment groups were organized as GR II, GR III and GR IV according to the amount of licorice supplemented per kg feed i.e., @250 mg/kg, @500 mg/kg, @1000 mg/kg, respectively. There was significant increase (p≤0.05) in the body weight of birds in Group three and group four in contrast to control. Similarly, FCR marked significant reduction (p≤0.05) in Group three and group four. Ducks subjected to heat stress showed decrease in the Hb, PCV, lymphocytes count, compared to supplemented ducks. The addition of LE to the feed significantly reduced the adverse effects of heat stress on hematological parameters of ducks by increasing the Hb, PCV, lymphocytes and reducing the heterophils, and H/L ratio. The concentrations of serum LDH, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT and urea were higher in the HS groups when compared with the supplanted groups. In contrast, the concentrations of glucose, total protein, ALP, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, SOD, TAC and GSH were lower in the HS group compared to the treatment groups. Results revealed that inclusion of the LE in the feed of ducks exposed to heat stress resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALP, Ca, P, SOD, TAC and GSH whereas significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in LDH, triglyceride, cholesterol, AST, ALT, and urea as compared with control. The protective effect of 1000 mg Licorice/kg feed against the noxious effects of heat stress was greater than that of 250 mg Licorice/kg feed, and 500 mg Licorice/kg feed. So, it can be concluded that supplementation of Licorice particularly at the level of 1000 mg/kg of feed of White Pekin ducks exposed to heat stress can alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on general physiological status, and simultaneously can enhance the growth performance of ducks.
Open Access
Supplementation of Indian Bay leaf Powder (Cinnamomum tamala) on growth performance and stress alleviation in White Pekin Duckling
(Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2021) Aditya Kumar, Agrawal; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Das, Debiprasanna; Beura, Chandrakant; Meher, Sudhamayee; Kumar, Dhirendra
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental thermal stress on body weight, FCR, haemato-biochemical and anti-oxidant parameters to assess the ameliorative potential of Indian Bay leaf Powder (IBP) in White Pekin ducklings. Ninety-six (n=96) day old White Pekin ducklings were randomly allocated into 4 groups, having 24 birds in each group and maintained for a period of 6 weeks. Group 1, 2, 3, 4 were fed IBP @ dose rate of 0, 400, 800, 1200mg/kg body weight, respectively, in feed. Blood collection was done from 24 birds only, which are randomly selected from 4 groups (6 from each group) on day 0 (3week old duckling) and subsequently on 21st and 42nd day of experiment. Exposure to increasing THI (Temperature-Humidity Index) or thermal stress over a period of 42days caused significant changes in the ducklings including reduced body weight gain, feed intake and increase water intake, along with open mouth breathing, dullness, ruffled feathers, which were very noticeable. The mentioned signs were also noticed in IBP (400mg/kg b.wt. in feed) treated birds, but in a very milder form. During the experiment there was persistent increasing THI from day 0 to day 42, revealing increasing level of stress to ducklings from 3-week-old to 9-week-old. There was significant reduction in body weight gain from day 0 to day 42 of experiment in G1, which was significantly alleviated by supplementation of Indian Bay leaf powder @ 800mg/kg and 1200mg/kg b.wt. in feed. Thermal stress had great effects on mean values of Hb, PCV, Heterophil %, Lymphocyte %, H/L ratio and reversal of these effects was witnessed significantly with supplementation of IBP @ 1200mg/kg body weight, but insignificant in case of PCV and heterophil %. Significant increase in mean levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, glucose, Cholesterol, TG, BUN, Creatinine, UA and corticosterone indicating liver and kidney dysfunction was recorded, with increasing thermal stress. However, with supplementation of IBP @ 1200mg/kg body weight in feed, these levels were significantly decreased. Supplementation of IBP @ 800mg/kg body weight in feed helped in reducing mean values of SGPT, creatinine, glucose and corticosterone significantly. Supplementation of IBP @ 400mg/kg b.wt. in feed reduce mean values of creatinine, glucose and corticosterone only. Significant decrease in mean levels of TP, ALB, Globulin, Ca and P has been recorded indicating hypoproteinemia along with mineral deficiency due to impaired absorption with thermal stress, whereas, with supplementation of IBP @ 1200mg/kg body weight in feed, these levels were significantly increased. Significant reduction in activities of TAC, SOD, catalase & GSH in RBC haemolysate (blood) indicates oxidative stress accompanied with thermal stress. Supplementation of IBP @ 800mg/kg and 1200mg/kg body weight in feed, these parameters were significantly reversed to almost normal. It is concluded from the present investigation that prophylactic inclusion of IBP @ 800 and 1200 mg/kg body weight to feed can help alleviating the deleterious effect of environmental thermal stress, such as growth disturbances, haemato-biochemical alterations, and anti-oxidant level variations in White Pekin duckling.
Open Access
Studies on bovine subclinical mastitis in Odisha with reference to its prevention through nutraceutical and phytoceutical
(Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 2015) Sahoo, Priyadarshini; Patra, Ramesh Chandra
Cross-bred Jersey cows from four major milk-shed districts of Odisha i.e., Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, Puri and Khordha having a minimum yielding record of eight liters milk per day were randomly screened for detection of subclinical mastitis. A study was conducted with 50 lactating cows suspected for SCM to identify a suitable cow-side test with higher sensitivity and specificity. Two laboratory-based diagnostic techniques i.e., somatic cell count (SCC) and cultural examination of milk were included to compare the results. Of the three cow-side diagnostic tests, modified California mastitis test (MCMT) was found to be the most sensitive (90.48%) and specific (87.50%) having an accuracy rate of 90.0 per cent compared to rest two tests i.e., Draminski Mastitis Detector (4Q Mast) and ABT-SCC Quick Count. MCMT was thus used in the mass screening programme to identify SCM. A total of 1736 cross-bred Jersey cows with the history of gradual reduction in milk yield, absence of visible change in milk and/or gland and aleration in appetite were randomly screened for detection of SCM. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis among the crossbred Jersey cows in milk-shed zones of Odisha varied between 37.59 to 30.33% with an average of 33.53%. Rate of mammary infection was more in hind quarters as well as early stage of lactation and progressively increased with number of calving. A total of 582 pooled milk samples were found positive to bacterial growth, of which 574 (98.63%) bacterial isolates could be identified, either in single (94.50%) or mixed (4.12%) form. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. constituted 79.55 per cent of the total isolates. Rest isolates were Gram –ve bacteria with Escherichia coli as predominant organism. Of the 10 bacterial isolates identified from the milk samples, coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) positioned first having a share of 31.10%. Ceftiofur, cefuroxime and gentamicin exhibited highest degree of in vitro sensitivity extending upto more than 95 % against both Gram +ve and –ve bacterial isolates. About 90% isolates were found resistant to penicilin, colistin and cloxacillin. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels decreased significantly whereas total protein and C-reactive protein content were significantly elevated in subclinical mastitis affected cows. No significant alterations were recorded with respect to hemoglobin, glucose and iron in the affected animals. Teat dipping in 5% Curcuma longa solution for five minutes after each milking and oral administration of dicalcium phosphate @ 25 gm daily for 90 days could prevent occurrence of subclinical mastitis in 84 per cent cows.
Open Access
Prevalence, clinico-biochemical and therapeutics of diabetes mellitus in dogs
(Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 2016) Jena, Geeta Rani; Sahoo, Niranjana
Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease or condition with a solitary cause or treatment. It is the state of persistent uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and may be the result of many contributory factors. The dogs were screened for their random blood glucose level by portable glucometer. There 948 dogs were screened and out of these 34 dogs were found positive for diabetes. The overall prevalence rate of studied dog population: 34/948=3.5%. The prevalence study reveals that the incidence rate of occurrence of this endocrinopathy has taken an increasing trend. The Labrador and Pug breeds of dogs are showing increase incidence rate significantly compared to others. It is mainly a disease of middle-aged and older dogs. Juvenile onset diabetes is uncommon in dogs, and in our series of 34 affected animals, only 2 were less than 12 months of age. The prevalence of diabetes is significantly lower in dogs which are exposed to exercise and Physical inactivity is one of the risk factor for development of DM in dogs. More dependence on commercial pet food and high-fat diets are one of the risk factors for increasing prevalence rate of DM in dogs. Concurrent illness is a contributing factor for development of DM in dogs. The obesity is a high risk factor for diabetes in dogs as it creates insulin resistance like in human being. The clinical features of diabetic dogs were encountered loss of body weight, appetite, increased frequency of urination, water intake, dullness, cataract, blindness. There is hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic dogs in comparison to healthy dogs. ALP, ALT and AST are markedly increased in diabetic dogs, as compared to healthy. This study revealed a significant decreased in the activity of the total antioxidant capacity in R.B.Cs of diabetic dog than normal subject indicating diabetic dogs were suffering from oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia. Humisulin-30/70 was administered to the diabetic dogs @1.0 IU/kg bw twice daily in sub cutaneously by insulin syringe. The dogs with juvenile diabetes needed extra insulin as they were growing and gaining body weight. Blood glucose level was significantly lower in GS, Vit E combination group in compare to only insulin-treated group. The hypoglycaemic effect was due to GS is established. The increased liver function parameters ALP, ALT and AST in diabetic dogs were subsided in all treated groups. But combination of GS and Vit E along with insulin administered groups showed better improvement in hepatic stress. There was significant reduction serum triglyceride and cholesterol level in combination group compared to only insulin treated dogs showing hypolipidemic effect of GS and Vit E. GS and Vit E has shown better oxidative stress reducing capacity in terms of reduced plasma free radicals biomarker (MDA), catalase and GSH levels in diabetic dogs treated with GS and Vit E., indicating its protective role against oxidative stress in of Gymnema sylvestre leaf exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the assays in comparison to only insulin treated groups. Along with insulin treatment in diabetes vitamin E and leaf of Gymnema sylvestre can be recommended as adjunct therapy.
Open Access
Sero-Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus in Vaccinated Sheep and Goat Flocks in Coastal Odisha.
(2015) Mohapatra, Debabrat; Jena, Geeta rani
Open Access
Sero-prevalence Study of Foot and Mouth Disease(FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminants(PPR) and Bluetongue (BT) virus infection among Small Ruminants of Odisha
(2017-11) Hota, Abhisek; Biswal, Sangram
Sheep and goats face multiple constraints in their growth and sustenance, the prevalence of infectious viral diseases being one of those factors, results in substantial loss in production and productivity. The present study was carried out during October-2015 to April- 2016 covering all the 30 districts of Odisha to know the seroepidemiology of FMD, PPR and BT. A total of 506 (217 numbers of sheep and 289 numbers goats) sera samples collected from unvaccinated flocks of Odisha. One aliquot was carried to project directorate FMD and another aliquot was sent to Division of Virology, IVRI, Mukteswar through CADRAD for screening of FMD through DIVA and PPR and BT by using c-ELISA and i-ELISA, respectively. Of the total serum samples tested, seropositivity was recorded in 167(33%) for FMD, 245(48.4%) for PPR and 286(56.52%) for BT with equal susceptibility to either sexes. There were variation in prevalence with respect to agroclimatic zones for FMD and PPR (p≤0.05). Seroprevalence of FMD was found to be highest in North Central Plateau and South Eastern Ghat zone (64.70%) and lowest in Western Undulating Zone (15%), similarly for PPR, highest in Eastern Ghat High Land zone (82.5%) and lowest in South Eastern Ghat zone (23.52%). Out of the thirty districts, the highest seroprevalence was recorded in Mayurbhanj for FMD, Kandhamal and Jajpur districts for PPR and Mayurbhanj for BT. None of the serum samples were found positive for any of the diseases in Ganjam, Kandhamal, Bolangir and Jajpur for FMD Baleswar for PPR. Besides, study revealed mixed infections among the small ruminants of Odisha as BT and PPR in 15.81%, FMD and PPR in 14.22%, FMD, PPR and BT in 12.45% and BT and FMD in 9.48%. It is inferred that all the three viral diseases included in the study i.e., FMD, PPR and BT, either single or mixed form, are prevalent in Odisha. Hence, adequate preventive measure especially through vaccination should be introduced so as to curtail the economic losses associated with these prevailing viral diseases.

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