Prevalence, clinico-biochemical and therapeutics of diabetes mellitus in dogs
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Date
2016
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Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease or condition with a solitary cause or
treatment. It is the state of persistent uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and may be the result of
many contributory factors. The dogs were screened for their random blood glucose level by
portable glucometer. There 948 dogs were screened and out of these 34 dogs were found
positive for diabetes. The overall prevalence rate of studied dog population: 34/948=3.5%.
The prevalence study reveals that the incidence rate of occurrence of this endocrinopathy has
taken an increasing trend. The Labrador and Pug breeds of dogs are showing increase
incidence rate significantly compared to others. It is mainly a disease of middle-aged and
older dogs. Juvenile onset diabetes is uncommon in dogs, and in our series of 34 affected
animals, only 2 were less than 12 months of age. The prevalence of diabetes is significantly
lower in dogs which are exposed to exercise and Physical inactivity is one of the risk factor
for development of DM in dogs. More dependence on commercial pet food and high-fat diets
are one of the risk factors for increasing prevalence rate of DM in dogs. Concurrent illness is
a contributing factor for development of DM in dogs. The obesity is a high risk factor for
diabetes in dogs as it creates insulin resistance like in human being. The clinical features of
diabetic dogs were encountered loss of body weight, appetite, increased frequency of
urination, water intake, dullness, cataract, blindness. There is hyperglycemia,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic dogs in comparison to healthy dogs.
ALP, ALT and AST are markedly increased in diabetic dogs, as compared to healthy. This
study revealed a significant decreased in the activity of the total antioxidant capacity in
R.B.Cs of diabetic dog than normal subject indicating diabetic dogs were suffering from
oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia. Humisulin-30/70 was administered to the diabetic
dogs @1.0 IU/kg bw twice daily in sub cutaneously by insulin syringe. The dogs with
juvenile diabetes needed extra insulin as they were growing and gaining body weight. Blood
glucose level was significantly lower in GS, Vit E combination group in compare to only
insulin-treated group. The hypoglycaemic effect was due to GS is established. The increased
liver function parameters ALP, ALT and AST in diabetic dogs were subsided in all treated
groups. But combination of GS and Vit E along with insulin administered groups showed
better improvement in hepatic stress. There was significant reduction serum triglyceride and
cholesterol level in combination group compared to only insulin treated dogs showing
hypolipidemic effect of GS and Vit E. GS and Vit E has shown better oxidative stress
reducing capacity in terms of reduced plasma free radicals biomarker (MDA), catalase and
GSH levels in diabetic dogs treated with GS and Vit E., indicating its protective role against
oxidative stress in of Gymnema sylvestre leaf exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the
assays in comparison to only insulin treated groups. Along with insulin treatment in diabetes
vitamin E and leaf of Gymnema sylvestre can be recommended as adjunct therapy.
Description
Th-5616
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