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201120
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2011 × Start date: 2011 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Induced Mutations for Isolation of High Oil Content and Self Fertile Mutants in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Prakash Natikar; K. Madhusudan
    The present investigation was aimed at elucidating information mainly on the genetic variability for yield and yield components through induced mutagenesis and to isolate self fertile mutants with high oil content. Morden and DSF 15B variety of sunflower were treated with the mutagen EMS at 0.15 per cent. There was increase in mean head diameter, seed yield, mean hull content in the mutants of DSF 15B and increase in mean for plant height, stem diameter and head diameter in case of mutants of Morden in M2 generation. Analysis of variance revealed the prevalence of significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied in M3 generation. Higher GCV and PCV were obtained for seed yield and oil yield, and moderate for stem diameter, head diameter, hundred seed weight and oil content in M 3 generation. Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance over mean were high for plant height and 100 seed weight. However, seed yield per plant and oil yield exhibited moderate heritability and high genetic advance over mean in mutants of Morden and DSF 15B. Hence, most of the characters are amenable for simple selection. Seed yield per plant had significant positive association with plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, hundred seed weight. Considerable amount of genetic diversity in the mutants of Morden was observed, which is evident from D2 analysis, in which 34 mutants of Morden formed 8 clusters. Among the 20 RAPD primers, four showed 100 per cent polymorphism. Mutant 20-5-5 in case of Morden and mutant 23-4-7 in case of DSF 15B registered high self fertility, oil content, 100 seed weight, seed yield and low hull content and can be used as genetic stocks.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Line X Tester Analysis for Yield, Yield Attributing Characters and Bacterial with Disease Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) A. Usha; O. Sridevi
    A field experiment was conducted to study heterosis and combining ability for yield and yield contributing traits and inheritance pattern of bacterial will resistance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.). The experiment was conducted at Agriculture College, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Forty-two crosses were developed by crossing three females with fourteen males following line x tester design. Variance due to the parents and crosses were found significant for all the yield and yield related components, except number of branches and fruit diameter for crosses. The line x tester analysis revealed that no single line or tester is superior for all the traits under consideration. Nevertheless, male parent CLN2777A exhibited high per se performance for plant height, number of branches per plant, average fruit weight and pericarp thickness, while CLN2123E exhibited highest per se performance for total fruit yield per plant. Maximum standard heterosis for total yield per plant was observed in the cross Pusa Ruby x CLN2777A followed by Megha x CLN2768A and Megha x CLN2777F. While the hybrid Megha x CLN2777F showed significant standard heterosis for plant height, number of branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit weight and pericarp thickness. The cross Megha x CLN2768A exhibited significant sca effect for fruit yield traits like total fruit yield per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of fruits per plant and fruit quality traits like fruit length, TSS and ascorbic acid. It also exhibited recorded standard heterosis over all three checks Namdhari 2535, Maharani and MHTM-256 for total fruit yield per plant, while Megha x CLN2777F recorded significant sca effect for fruit length and ascorbic acid content. All the potential lines used for screening were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt while all testers Pusa Ruby, Megha and DMT-2 were found to be susceptible. Two F2 populations Pusa Ruby x CLN2777A and Pusa Ruby x CLN2400B used for screening resistance for bacterial wilt exhibited 15:1 ratio indicating resistance to bacterial wilt is governed by two duplicate genes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Variability Studies in Free Threshable and Spot Blotch Resistant Derived Dicoccum Lines
    (2011) Vijayakumar Hokrani; V. Rudra Naik
    Dicoccum wheat (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schulb) is nutritionally superior compared to durum and aestivum. The present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability, free threshability and spot blotch resistance in 95 advanced generation mutant lines. Development of free threshable lines which are resistant to spot blotch (Helminthosporium sativum) is of prime requirement. These 95 mutant lines were sown along with five checks during rabi 2010-11. Observation on yield, yield components, morpho-physiological, grain quality parameters and disease scoring for spot blotch and rust were recorded. Analysis of variance revealed the prevalence of significant difference among the genotypes for all the morphological and quality parameters studied. GCV and PCV were found to be high for seed yield per plant and tillers per plant. Heritability and genetic advance over mean were high for thousand grain weight (g) seed yield per plant, spike length, tillers per plant and seeds per spikelet. Quality parameters like starch content, wet gluten and sedimentation value shown significant positive association with yield. Among 95 mutants 15 shown immune and remaining were resistant for spot blotch disease. Considerable amount of genetic diversity was observed in the material with respect to tillers per plant and wet gluten. Out of thirteen characters studied six shown direct effect on yield. Comparative study among mutants revealed that direct mutation was superior in comparison with hybridization followed by mutation. All the twenty RAPD primers used in the study were polymorphic. Mutant No. 845, 873, 2292, 2758 and 2761 were found to be superior in comparison with both durum and dicoccum parents with respect to yield and yield attributing traits. Outstanding productive and potential mutants could be evaluated to isolate the superior high yielding free threshable lines and resistance to spot blotch disease
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Mutagenesis, Screening and Evaluation for Biotic (JASSID, Bacterial Leaf Blight) and Abiotic (Drought) Stresses in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Remya Rajan V.; B.M. Khadi
    The genotype Sahana (G. hirsutum) was irradiated at various doses of gamma ray, EMS and its combination aiming at improvement of quantitative and qualitative traits in cotton with special reference to improvement upon drought tolerance, jassid tolerance and bacterial leaf blight resistance in an experiment conducted at MARS, UAS, Dharwad during summer 2009-10 and 2010-11. A vast amount of variability was generated for 12 quantitative as well as qualitative characters under study. Mutagenic effectiveness of various doses of mutagens could be revealed by the expression morphological mutants in M1 and M2 generation of Sahana. In the protected condition 34 mutants were identified to be drought tolerant (T-1-13, T-9-60. T-12-11, T-10-22) with high relative water content and low leaf temperature, whereas in unprotected condition 17 showed drought tolerance. For jassid tolerance, 36 mutants (T-4-25, T-8-4, T-12-5, T-8-63) were identified and 22 bacterial leaf blight resistant mutants (T-3-14, T-7-7) also could be isolated. Thirteen mutants showed drought tolerance and jassid resistance, whereas 11 mutants were identified with drought tolerance and bacterial leaf blight resistance. With respect to bacterial leaf blight resistance and jassid tolerance together, 12 mutants were found tolerant to both. Eight mutants were identified as tolerant to drought and jassid infestation along with resistance to bacterial leaf blight (T-1-3, T- 1-16, T-2-19). Considering the high yielding mutants possessing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, 22 mutants were identified to be high yielding and drought tolerant whereas 14 and 5 high yielding mutants were respectively jassid tolerant and bacterial leaf blight resistant. A few mutants identified were found to possess larger boll size and high ginning outturn, high fibre strength and micronaire values compared to control. Thus a large number of useful mutants for different characters which were isolated can be evaluated and further used as genetic stocks in future breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetical Studies of Yield and Quality Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Mahesh N.; M.C. Wali
    The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of heterosis, combining ability, nature of gene action, nature and extent of association between qualitative traits, starch, protein and oil in single cross hybrids of maize. A line x tester (L x T) was obtained by crossing 29 lines with three testers. Eighty seven new single crosses along with parents and three commercial checks were planted in a randomized block design with two replication in kharif, 2009 at AICMIP, Agriculture Research Station, Arabhavi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Hybrids exhibited significant variability for 16 characters studied. The computed variance ratios ( 2GCA/ 2SCA and 2A/ 2D) revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of all the traits studied. The study on the combining ability revealed that the lines; YP-4, YP-9 and the tester; KDMI-16 was found to be best general combiners than the rest. Regarding SCA effects, ARBMH-09-01 and ARBMH-09-29 showed significant sca effects for grain yield. While ARBMH-09-29, ARBMH-09-78 and ARBMH-09-11 showed highest SCA effects for starch, protein and oil respectively. The crosses; ARBMH-09-45, for grain yield and starch where as ARBMH-09-40, for protein and ARBMH-09-27, for oil showed the highest heterosis percentage. These crosses were from parents with high x high and high x low GCA combination, respectively. The correlation studies depicted that plant height, ear length, ear circumferences, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows, 100-grain weight, fodder yield and grain yield per plant were positively associated with yield per ha and starch content, while they had negatively associated with maturity characters, protein and oil content. on other hand grain yield had positively correlated with starch and negatively correlated with protein and oil content. These results revealed the possibility of realizing higher yield, starch, protein and oil content through heterosis breeding.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies on Fertility Restoration, Heterosis and Combining Ability of Alternaria Tolerant Inbred Lines in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Mohammad Saleem Naiknavar; K.G. Parameshwarappa
    An experiment was conducted to know fertility restoration, heterosis and combining ability and inheritance of Alternaria resistance adopting 12 x 8 Line x Tester design during summer-2011. The study revealed that two hybrids were tolerant for Alternaria disease recording grade 6 at maturity. The inbred TX16R found to be the resistant male parent which restored fertility on most of the CMS lines except CMS300-2A. Among the female lines FMSR265 A was moderately resistant. Two hybrids CMS 103 A x TX 16R and PET 2-7-1Ax TX-16R showed moderate degree of tolerance to Alternaria disease and can be involved in the breeding programme to develop superior inbred lines. The line CMS300-2A appeared to be unique in its diversity as a majority of the lines could not restore fertility CMS 335Ax Tx-16R found to be a good combiner for an array of traits like seed yield, oil yield, disease resistance and head diameter. Among the males line TX 16-R appeared as good combiner for disease resistance and host of other traits like head diameter, per cent seed filling, volume weight and oil content. Among the 48 hybrids CMS335A x TX16R was the only cross that expressed standard heterosis for seed yield over KBSH-44 (23.34 per cent) and oil yield (23.09 percent) over KBSH-1. It was also found to be heterotic for the characters like days to fifty percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, seed filling-percentage, volume weight, hull content and PDI at maturity. The parents CMS335A and TX16R found to be contrasting with respect to their GCA effects for the characters showing heterotis. Most of the hybrids showing high sca effects were the combination of parents with low x low, high x low gca effects.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genome Wide Identification of "R" Genes and Exploition of Candidate RGA Markers in Mungbean (Vigna radiata) and Urdbean (Vigna mungo)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Ashwini Narasimhan; B.R. Patil
    The present investigation was carried out with an objective to characterize the NBS-LRR degenerate markers in urdbean and mungbean and thus to study the polymorphism at RGA loci. Thirteen and twelve genotypes of mungbean and urdbean were screened for MYMV, powdery mildew and CLS diseases. The genetic variability was also studied. Similarly, genetic variability and molecular diversity was studied in the germplasm lines of mungbean and urdbean in three different experiments. None of the mungbean genotypes were found resistant to all the three diseases while Uttara was found resistant to all the three diseases among the urdbean genotypes. RGA1-TG and MtB99 were specific to MYMV. Selection based on number of pods per plant, number of branches and bunches and total seed yield with high GCV and PCV is effective. Very high heritability and genetic advance estimates were recorded for all the characters studied among mungbean, unlike in urdbean, where high heritability with high genetic advance estimates were recorded for plant height, number of branches, number of bunches, number of pods per plant and total seed yield indicating the role of additive gene action. Seed yield was found to have non significant association with all the characters studied among the urdbean genotypes. The genotype TAU7 formed a separate cluster from the rest of the thirty nine genotypes making it an obvious choice in breeding program. Among the seventy nine germplasm lines of mungbean seed yield per plant was significantly and positively associated with number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and test weight. The genotype Uttara can be used as one of the parents in resistance breeding progamme. The two putative markers identified can be used to differentiate the resistant and susceptible genotypes among mungbean genotypes and they could also be further validated using mapping populations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Analysis on Seed Dormancy in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Yallappagouda B. Naganagoudar; P.V. Kenchanagoudar
    Pre-harvest sprouting in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds belonging to subspecies fastigiata is undesirable. Since it leads to substantial loss of seeds, both in quantity and quality. A short period of dormancy is therefore desirable in the subspecies to reduce such losses. Evaluation of fresh seed dormancy was conducted for two seasons to determine the intensity and duration of dormancy in mapping population wherein 268 RILs lines developed from crosses between the moderately dormant parent GPBD-4 and non dormant parent TAG-24. The intensity of dormancy ranged from 0 to 100% in summer season. Whereas in kharif season ranged 0 to 90%. There was large variation in the intensity of dormancy which could be related to genetic differences between the entries tested. When intensity of dormancy is considered the RIL no. 165, 259, 160, 172, 209, 254, 213, 247, and 248 recorded very high values above 70 per cent in two seasons. While RIL no. 84, 89, 110, 195, 257 and 267 fluctuated widely for intensity of dormancy over seasons. The variation for dormancy in terms of duration as revealed by G 70 estimates was subsequently large as compared to the intensity of dormancy among 268 dormant RILs. The RIL no. 5, 40, 84, 165, 183, 209, 213, 248, 254, 259 and 265 were found to have more than two weeks of dormancy (G 70) in all the two seasons. A period of 2-3 weeks of dormancy was exhibited by RIL no. 5, 30, 40, 84, 110, 165, 183, 219 and 267 during Kharif and RIL no. 5, 40, 84, 89, 165, 172, 267 and 183 during summer. The study has given evidence that for seed dormancy in this mapping population is controlled by duplicate recessive area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Relating Phenotypic and Molecular Diversity with Heterosis in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Rajeev S.; S.S. Patil
    The study was mainly aimed at assessing diversity among hirsutum varieties both at phenotypic (D2 analysis) and molecular level (SSR based) and relating this diversity with actual heterosis observed in a set of crosses involving representative set of parents. A set of 156 hirsutum lines was subjected to D2 analysis based on different plant type, productivity and fibre quality parameters. Most of the robust and compact types figured in first two clusters. Among the parents utilized for developing Line×Tester analysis, D2 values ranged from 12.92 to 505.02 and highest D2 value was noticed between RAH-35 and RAH-13-86 which were used as tester and line respectively. The combination (RAH-370×RAH-110) with lowest D2 value exhibited low yield of 2122.41 kg/ha. The highest seed cotton yield (4117.50 kg/ha) was exhibited in the cross RAH-53×RAH-10 with D2 values of 128.74, while next best cross (RAH-13-86×RAH-35) revealed highest D2 value in this study. These most productive crosses were characterized based on combining ability effects and the method of handling of these crosses was inferred based on this. SCA variance was higher in magnitude than GCA variance for majority of characters. Correlation co-efficient values were determined between D2 value, similarity co-efficient values and heterosis for seed cotton yield. The correlation value were positive and significant at both phenotypic (r=0.762) and molecular level (r=0.828) indicating a positive relationship between diversity and heterosis. However, this needs to be confirmed based on larger set of markers. The association among quantitative characters was studied at phenotypic (rP), genotypic (rG) and genetic (rA) levels. The genetic correlation values differed in magnitude as well as direction from genotypic and phenotypic correlation suggesting importance of working out genetic correlations. At the level of breeding value, seed cotton yield exhibited highest positive genetic correlation with number of bolls per plant (rA=0.45), boll weight (rA=0.21) and other traits.