Genetical Studies of Yield and Quality Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
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Date
2011
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Publisher
UAS, Dharwad
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of heterosis, combining
ability, nature of gene action, nature and extent of association between qualitative
traits, starch, protein and oil in single cross hybrids of maize. A line x tester (L x T)
was obtained by crossing 29 lines with three testers. Eighty seven new single crosses
along with parents and three commercial checks were planted in a randomized block
design with two replication in kharif, 2009 at AICMIP, Agriculture Research Station,
Arabhavi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
Hybrids exhibited significant variability for 16 characters studied. The
computed variance ratios ( 2GCA/ 2SCA and 2A/ 2D) revealed the
predominance of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of all the traits studied.
The study on the combining ability revealed that the lines; YP-4, YP-9 and the tester;
KDMI-16 was found to be best general combiners than the rest. Regarding SCA
effects, ARBMH-09-01 and ARBMH-09-29 showed significant sca effects for grain
yield. While ARBMH-09-29, ARBMH-09-78 and ARBMH-09-11 showed highest
SCA effects for starch, protein and oil respectively. The crosses; ARBMH-09-45, for
grain yield and starch where as ARBMH-09-40, for protein and ARBMH-09-27, for
oil showed the highest heterosis percentage. These crosses were from parents with
high x high and high x low GCA combination, respectively.
The correlation studies depicted that plant height, ear length, ear
circumferences, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows, 100-grain weight,
fodder yield and grain yield per plant were positively associated with yield per ha and
starch content, while they had negatively associated with maturity characters, protein
and oil content. on other hand grain yield had positively correlated with starch and
negatively correlated with protein and oil content. These results revealed the
possibility of realizing higher yield, starch, protein and oil content through heterosis
breeding.
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Keywords
Genetics and Plant Breeding