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ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Knowledge and Adoption of Improved Cultivation Practices of Grand Naine Variety of Banana in Hadri District(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Malik Rehan; Nagaraja M.V.The present research study was purposively conducted in Haveri district of Karnataka state during 2017-18 with sample size of 90.The data was collected through interview schedule using Ex-post-facto research design. The findings revealed that nearly half of farmers were noticed in medium knowledge (48.89%) category. Cent per cent of the farmers had knowledge about desuckering, propping, denavelling intercultural operation and ratoon crop, whereas, large majority of the farmers had knowledge about earthing up (98.89 %), pit size (92.22 %) and spacing (86.67 %). Further, education and extension contact exhibited positive and significant relationship at one per cent level of probability and scientific orientation exhibited positively significant correlation at five per cent level of probability with knowledge of improved cultivation practices. Adoption of practices clearly revealed that nearly half (47.78%) of the farmers belonged to medium adoption category. Cent per cent of the farmers had adopted desuckering operation followed by an equal per cent (98.89%) of the farmers adopted desuckering, propping and earthing up practices. Further, banana farming experience exhibited positive and significant relationship at one per cent level of probability and extension contact exhibited positive and significant relationship at five per cent level of probability with adoption of improved cultivation practices. Among the production constraints, more number of farmers expressed the problem of non availability of labour as the major constraint and followed by lack of finance/ credit facility, inadequate irrigation facility and limited and irregular of power supply. Further, among marketing constraints fluctuation in market price and exploitation of middle men were the major constraints expressed by the banana growers.ThesisItem Open Access Diffusion of Chickpea Cultivars Among Farmers in Dharwad District(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Manjushree S.; Patil S.L.This study was purposively conducted in Dharwad and Navalgund talukas of Dharwad district of Karnataka state during 2017-18 with a sample of 200 chickpea growers. The data was elicited through personal interview method and ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. The frequency curve of the diffusion followed almost ‘bell shape’ when plotted over time and the cumulative curve of diffusion nearly approached ‘S- shape’ when plotted over time for both JG-11 and JAKI-9218 cultivars of chickpea. Nearly two fifth (39.00 %) of the chickpea growers had medium level of knowledge about recommended cultivation practices of chickpea. Large majority of the chickpea growers had knowledge about nipping and intercropping with rabi sorghum (98.50 %), intercropping with safflower (97.00 %) and early sowing on the month of October to control rust (95.00 %). As high as 35.00 per cent of the chickpea growers belonged to medium technological gap category. Cent per cent technological gap was observed in use of chemicals for weed control and intercropping with linseed. Whereas, huge technological gap was observed in spraying cycocel @10 ml/100 litre of water (99.00 %), intercropping with safflower (96.00 %) and chemical control of cutworm (95.50 %). Very less technological gap was found in intercultivation (8.00 %) and season of sowing (6.50 %). Educational level, extension participation, extension contact, mass media participation, innovativeness and scientific orientation had positive and significant relationship with knowledge of chickpea growers. While, extension participation, extension contact, innovativeness and economic motivation had negative and significant relationship with technological gap in cultivation of chickpea. Inadequate knowledge about balanced fertilizer application, high risk of crop failure due to poor rainfall, insufficient credit and fluctuation in market prices were the major constraints faced by the chickpea growers.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Adoption and Information Source Consultancy Pattern of Onion Growers in Vijayapur District of North-Karnataka(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Sangam Vaishnavi; Aski S.G.The study was conducted in 2017-18 in Vijayapur district of Karnataka with sample of 150 farmers. Random sampling procedure was used and data was collected with help of structured interview schedule. Socio-economic profile of respondents revealed that, nearly half (52.67%) were middle aged and were educated up to primary school (25.33%). Majority (63.34%) had high annual income, nuclear family type (54.67%), medium land holding (28.67%), high farming experience (61.34%), and low extension contact (43.33%). Nearly half (47.33%) of respondents had medium extension participation, medium mass media exposure (44.00%), medium social participation (52.67%), medium decision making ability (68.00%), medium innovativeness (59.33%) and medium cosmopoliteness (42.67%). Findings revealed that 48.67 per cent of respondents belonged to medium adoption category, whereas 30.00 per cent and 21.33 per cent belonged to low and high adoption categories. It was found that nearly 41.33 per cent of respondents belonged medium level of information source utilization category. Majority (74.67%) needed market information, 58.67 per cent regularly contacted friends and neighbours. Majority (91.30%) evaluated information after discussion with neighbours and friends, 85.33 per cent preserved information by memorizing. Two-fifth (40.00%) had medium Information source users’ satisfaction. The variables extension contact, extension participation, mass media exposure and innovativeness showed positively significant relationship with adoption levels at 0.05 level of probability and education showed positive significance at 0.01 level. Whereas, age showed negative relationship at 0.01 level of probability. It was seen that cent per cent faced the constraint of fluctuations in market prices, followed by scarcity and high cost of labour (86.67%). Whereas Cent per cent suggested that market price should be high, followed by timely input availability at cheaper rate (73.33%).ThesisItem Open Access Technological Gap in Adoption of Recommended Cultivation Practices of Banana Growers in Northern Karnataka(2018-07) Madhu D.K.; Patil S.B.The research study on analysis of production technologies adopted by banana growers was conducted during the year 2017-2018 in Bagalkot and Belagavi districts of Karnataka with 120 samples. Samples were selected by following Random Sampling procedure. The profile characteristics of the banana farmers showed that 41.67 per cent of banana farmers belong to middle age group, 27.50 per cent of adopted farmers were educated PUC, 66.67 per cent of farmers belong to large family size, 51.67 per cent of farmers were medium farmers and 40.00 per cent of farmers were low farming experience. The variables like annual income (86.67 %), mass media exposure (38.33 %), extension contact (38.33 %), information source consultancy (49.17 %) and cosmopoliteness (50.83 %) were found medium level among banana farmers. Majority of banana farmers were belonged to high knowledge (40.84 %), medium adoption (36.67 %) level and medium technological gap (37.50 %) level. In case of constraints faced by banana farmers, majority (96.66 %) of the farmers expressed high cost of labour, followed by price fluctuation (93.33 %), irregular supply of electricity for irrigation (89.16 %) and storage problem (84.16 %) as problems faced by them. It was also found that, 79.16 per cent of the farmers expressed non availability of labour in time as the constraint, followed by high cost of manures and fertilizers (69.16 %) and lack of technical guidance with respect to nutrient application (59.16 %). Price fluctuation in market is one of the major problems with majority of respondents. Hence, the government should develop a mechanism to control prices by declaring minimum support price or fixed rate based on production cost.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Knowledge and Adoption of Selected Dry Land Technologies Developed From Dry Land Agriculure Research Station Vijayapura(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Megha K.The present study was conducted in the year 2017-18 in Kavalagi and Honwada villages of Vijayapura district with 160 samples. Samples were selected by following Random Sampling procedure. The profile characteristics of the dry land farmers showed that 53.75 per cent of adopted farmers belong to middle age group, 41.25 per cent of adopted farmers were educated up to middle school, 62.50 per cent of farmers belong to nuclear family and 51.25 per cent of farmers were semi-medium farmers. The variables like annual income (46.25%), extension contact (51.25%), extension participation (51.25%), mass media participation (43.75%), material possession (41.25%) and social participation (47.50%) were found medium level among adopted farmers. Majority of adopted farmers were belonged to medium knowledge (53.75%) and medium adoption (46.25%) level, 50 per cent of farmers are aware of the impact of dry land technologies. Whereas in case of non-adopted farmers it revealed that 66.25 per cent of adopted farmers belongs to middle age group, 35.00 per cent of adopted farmers were educated up primary school, 51.25 per cent of farmers belongs to joint family, 46.25 per cent of farmers were small farmers. The variables like annual income (47.50%), extension contact (42.50%), extension participation (41.25%), mass media participation (40.00%), and social participation (58.75%) were found low level category and only one variable i.e. material possession (45.00%) was found medium level among non-adopted farmers. Majority of non-adopted farmers were belonged to low knowledge (43.75%) and low adoption (47.50%) level, 48.00 per cent of non-adopted farmers are not aware of the impact of dry land technologies. The major problem faced by both adopted and non-adopted farmers is lengthy and too many procedure to avail loan (60.00% and 93.75%) and both farmers suggested that there is a need to simplify the procedure for subsidy and loan (81.25% and 95.00%) respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Usage and Opinion of Farmers Towards Soil Health Card(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Padmaja B.; Angadi J. G.The present study was conducted in the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017-2018 to study the usage and opinion of farmers towards soil health card at Mylavaram and Ibrahimpatnam mandals of Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. One hundred and fifty farmers formed sample for the study. The primary data about application of plant nutrients by soil health card holders for 2016 and 2017 was collected by using the schedule developed for the study. The results indicated that utilization of macro nutrients as per recommendation was observed in paddy and black gram. Over utilization of macro nutrients was noticed among sugarcane, cotton and maize. Recommended dosage of gypsum was applied by 64.70 per cent of paddy growers, 53.84 per cent of cotton growers and 55.55 per cent of sugarcane growers in first year and it was increased to 70.59 per cent, 84.61 per cent, 77.78 per cent farmers in second year in paddy, cotton and sugarcane respectively. Increase in per cent of farmers applying lime was noticed in the second year. No significant difference in utilization of macro nutrients and soil amendments was noticed between first and second year after distribution of soil health card with respect to all crops. In micro nutrient application, more than half of the farmers belonged to recommended utilization category in all crops except maize. Significant difference in application of micro nutrients was noticed among paddy, sugarcane and cotton. Paired ‘t’ test showed significant difference in organic manure application in paddy and sugarcane. Forty seven per cent farmers had favorable opinion towards the soil health card followed by more favorable opinion and less favorable opinion among 28.00 per cent and 25.00 per cent farmers respectively. Delay in distribution of soil health cards to the farmers (68.67 %) and favoritism in provision of input subsidies (56.00 %) were indicated as major constraints in the usage of soil health card by farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Management of Saline Soils by the Farmers of Belagavi District(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Yarazari Shivananda P.The present study was undertaken by University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad in in Belagavi district of Karnataka state during 2017-18 to measure the knowledge and adoption of saline soils management practices by the farmers. A sample of 150 respondents were purposively selected from Saundatti, Ramdurg and Athani taluks of Belagavi district by using random sampling method. The data was collected by personal interview method with help of structured schedule. The results revealed that as high as 41.33 per cent of farmers had medium level of knowledge on management of saline soils. While, 34.67 and 24.00 per cent of them had low and high level of knowledge, respectively. Majority (68.00%) of the farmers were having low knowledge on green manure and 32.00 per cent of farmers were having high knowledge. Whereas, 57.34 per cent of farmers were having high knowledge on irrigation management and 42.66 per cent of farmers were having low knowledge. More than two fifth (42.67%) of farmers belonged to medium adoption category followed by low (36.00%) and high (21.00%). Surface drainage was adopted by 80.00 per cent of farmers. Only 12.00 per cent of farmers have adopted bio-drainage. High initial cost for undertaking salinity management practices was the major problem in adoption process as it was expressed by 83.33 per cent of farmers. Non-availability of organic manures (63.33%) and no common out-let for removing surface drainage water (46.67%) were the other problems in adoption of salinity management practices. Knowledge and adoption of saline soils management practices by the farmers was positively and significantly correlated with independent variables such as education, annual income, mass media exposure, extension contact, organizational participation, training received and farm resource base. There is an immediate need to improve the adoption behaviour of farmers by developing a strategy for the supply of inputs on cost effective basis, if not on subsidized rates.ThesisItem Open Access Use of E-Tools in Agriculture by Farmers of Northern Karnataka: A Comaparative Study(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Smitha B.R.; Jahagirdar K.A.The study was conducted during 2017-18 on use of e-tools in agriculture by farmers of northern Karnataka. Eight e-tools were selected for the study namely; Krishi Marata Vahini, Raitamitra, Kisan Call Centre, WhatsApp groups, Information Kiosk, Kisan Mobile Advisory Services, Kisan Suvidha and Agromet Advisory Services. A sample of 120 respondents was selected randomly and was personally interviewed using pretested schedule. Majority of farmers (60.00 %) were under middle age category, 26.66 per cent farmers had education upto high school level, 44.16 per cent of the farmers were belonged to semi medium farmers, 52.50 per cent of the farmers belonged to medium level of annual income category, low extension contact (51.66 %), high mass media utilization (40.00 %), medium decision making ability (44.16 %), medium economic motivation (36.66 %), medium innovative proneness (55.00 %), medium cosmopoliteness (48.33 %), medium organizational participation (44.16 %) and medium scientific orientation (38.33 %). The results revealed that 35.83 per cent of the respondents had high level of knowledge about e-tools, followed by low (32.50 %) and medium (31.66 %) level of knowledge. Most of the farmers (40.83 %) belonged to low utilisation category of e-tools, followed by high (34.16 %) and medium (25.00 %) utilisation category. A positive and significant relationship was observed between knowledge level and utilisation pattern and socio economic characteristics such as education, farm size, annual income, extension contacts, innovative proneness, cosmopoliteness and training on e-tools. Whereas, the variable age was found to be negatively and significantly correlated with knowledge level and utilisation pattern. Lack of awareness about e-tools, poor internet connection, overload of information on the internet and lack of proper training facility were the major constraints in effective utilisation of e-tools by farmers.ThesisItem Open Access Technology Gap in Ipm Practices of Cabbage(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Girish D.; Halakatti S.V.The present study was undertaken at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017-2018 to study the knowledge and technology gap in IPM practices of cabbage at Belagavi and Haveri districts of Karnataka. These districts are purposively selected for research study as the area under cabbage crop in Belagavi and Haveri is ranked first and second in Karnataka state. One hundred and fifty farmers formed sample for the study. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The important findings are more than half (51.33%) of farmers had medium level of knowledge about IPM practices in cabbage. Hundred per cent of the farmers possessed correct knowledge about summer ploughing. Large majority of farmers possessed the knowledge on trimming of field bunds (96.00 %), crop rotation (93.33 %) raised nursery bed (91.33 %) and regular destruction of damaged plants (92.66 %). Nearly 80.00 per cent of farmers had knowledge about pheromone traps and spraying of NSKE. More than one third (39.33 %) of cabbage growers were found in medium level of technology gap category. Hundred per cent technology gap was observed in use of cotesia plutella eggs. Large technology gap was observed in use of light traps (3/ acre) (80.00 %) and planting of trap crops in correct row (77.33 %). There is no technology gap observed in case of summer ploughing. Non-availability of required biological control agents in time was the major constraint in adoption of IPM practices in cabbage. Education, cabbage farming experience, annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure and farm resource base had positive and significant relationship with knowledge. Education, cabbage farming experience, annual income, extension contact, mass media exposure had negative and significant relationship with technology gap.
