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2015 - 20179
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2015 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological investigation and therapeutic evaluation of azadirachta indica in bovine subclinical mastitis
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Tripathi, Srijit; Arora, Niddhi
    During present study crossbred cows maintained at I.D.F., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, were screened using California Mastitis Test. The prevalence was recorded cow wise, quarter wise, age wise, parity wise, lactation stage wise, lactation yield wise and quarter infection rate wise. In vitro antimicrobials susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates was determined and therapeutic efficacy of methanolic and hydromethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves were evaluated against bovine subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was recorded as cow (56.25%) and quarter (33.17%) wise with higher involvement of right hindquarters. The prevalence was highest (19.04%) in third parity and early stage (41.26%) of lactation. Microbiological examination revealed maximum involvement of Staphylococcus spp. (66.90%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (23.23%), E.coli. (02.81%) and mixed infection (07.04%) in SCM cows. During the study, antibiogram pattern revealed that in comparison to other antibiotics, enrofloxacin and cefotaxime were highly sensitive against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and E.coli. The cows of group III, IV and V showed significant decrease of CMT point score, pH value, TBC and SCC on day 15 and 30 in comparison to day 0. Milk fat, protein and lactose did not revealed any significant alteration on day 30 as compared to day 0 while milk SNF and total solids increased significantly on day 30 in comparison to day 0 in both the extract treated groups (IV and V). The CMT score, pH value, SCC, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage in groups IV and V were significantly higher on day 3 post treatment in comparison to group III which were comparable on day 7 and were normal by day 30 post treatment. The highest recovery 83.33% was recorded in SCM affected cows in group III followed by 66.66% in group IV and 50.00% in group IV. No adverse reaction and milk losses were observed in A. indica extracts treated groups during the period of treatment. On the basis of results of present investigation, the use of methanolic extract of A. indica may be recommended as an alternative to the antibiotic treatment for management of subclinical mastitis in cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and their clinicotherapeutic evaluation. Out of total 1503 dogs registered during the study period from Pantnagar and adjoining area, 961dogs were presented with gastro intestinal disorders. For the epidemiological study, 386 dogs irrespective of age, sex and breed, history of anorexia, vomition, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration were examined. The dogs were preliminary declared positive for EPI on the basis of faecal trypsin test and presence of starch and neutral fat in faeces. The positive animals were further grouped for clinicotherapeutic study. A total of four groups were made with five dogs in each group. The group I dogs, received no treatment and served as healthy control. The group II dogs received pancreatin 200 mg and simethicone 40mg combination for 45 days. The group III animals received 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity for 45 days. The group IV dogs received 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the ratio of approximately six to one for 45 days. The EPI affected dogs were also administered symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) were estimated at regular interval i.e. on 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th day of the study. The overall prevalence of EPI was found to be 0.99% on faecal analysis basis. However on serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase activity it was found to be 0.46 and 0.40%, respectively. The clinical prevalence on faecal analysis was recorded to be 3.88% and on serum lipase and cPL basis was 1.82 and 1.56%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was observed in dogs aged 5 years and above and maximum prevalence was recorded in German shepherd dogs. All the infected group dogs exhibited significantly high level of Hb and PCV due to haemoconcentration. The leukocytic indices also showed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophils count as compared to healthy control. No significant change in cells of erythrocyte and leukocyte indices was recorded within groups at different intervals except neutrophil, leukocyte and lymphocyte count in treated groups. The serum lipase and cPL levels were also significantly increased in all infected groups as compared to healthy control. However, no significant difference in the number of serum lipase and cPL positive cases were observed. It can be concluded from present study that EPI has moderate clinical prevalence in and around Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand. Dogs receiving 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity showed better results followed by 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-haematobiochemical and therapeutic studies against canine ectoparasites
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Katariya, Avinash Kumar; Arora, Nidhi
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Anand Kumar; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and their clinicotherapeutic evaluation. Out of total 1503 dogs registered during the study period from Pantnagar and adjoining area, 961dogs were presented with gastro intestinal disorders. For the epidemiological study, 386 dogs irrespective of age, sex and breed, history of anorexia, vomition, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration were examined. The dogs were preliminary declared positive for EPI on the basis of faecal trypsin test and presence of starch and neutral fat in faeces. The positive animals were further grouped for clinicotherapeutic study. A total of four groups were made with five dogs in each group. The group I dogs, received no treatment and served as healthy control. The group II dogs received pancreatin 200 mg and simethicone 40mg combination for 45 days. The group III animals received 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity for 45 days. The group IV dogs received 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the ratio of approximately six to one for 45 days. The EPI affected dogs were also administered symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) were estimated at regular interval i.e. on 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th day of the study. The overall prevalence of EPI was found to be 0.99% on faecal analysis basis. However on serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase activity it was found to be 0.46 and 0.40%, respectively. The clinical prevalence on faecal analysis was recorded to be 3.88% and on serum lipase and cPL basis was 1.82 and 1.56%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was observed in dogs aged 5 years and above and maximum prevalence was recorded in German shepherd dogs. All the infected group dogs exhibited significantly high level of Hb and PCV due to haemoconcentration. The leukocytic indices also showed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophils count as compared to healthy control. No significant change in cells of erythrocyte and leukocyte indices was recorded within groups at different intervals except neutrophil, leukocyte and lymphocyte count in treated groups. The serum lipase and cPL levels were also significantly increased in all infected groups as compared to healthy control. However, no significant difference in the number of serum lipase and cPL positive cases were observed. It can be concluded from present study that EPI has moderate clinical prevalence in and around Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand. Dogs receiving 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity showed better results followed by 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinical and therapeutic evaluation of acidifiers in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Bijalwan, Komal; Shukla, S.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico haematobiochemical and therapeutic studies in diarrhoeic calves
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Gupta, Neha; Rajora, V.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological study of caprine neonatal kid diseases and their clinical management in tarai and bhawar area (U.S. Nagar and Nainital districts) of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Ilyas, Wani; Singh, J.L.
    This study was undertaken to study the epidemiology of different diseases in neonatal kids and clinico-therapeutics of Coccidiosis, Kid scours and Pneumonia in and around Pantnagar. From the prevalence study, overall morbidity rate of 52.63% and mortality rate of 21.05% was observed. Maximum morbidity was reported by Coccidiosis (39.07%) followed by pneumonia (34.0%), kid scours (17.38%), general weakness (5.84%), congenital defects (1.07%) and miscellaneous causes (2.61%). With respect to season, age and sex highest morbidity rate was found in winter season (56.30%), 1-2 month age (37.53%) group and in males (54.10%) respectively. Maximum mortality rate was highest during winter season (60.0%), 0-1 month (42.30%) and in males (56.53%). Kids suffering from Coccidiosis showed signs of anorexia, loss of body weight, inappetance, dehydration and hemorrhagic diarrhea with soiling of hindquartes. A significant decrease in temperature with increase in heart and respiration rate was found in all infected kids before treatment. A higher mean values of OPG count in feces was found in diseased kids in the range of 84000-65500. Hematological findings show a significant decrease in PCV, Hb and TEC and TLC. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium and phosphorus while as a significant increase in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, AST and ALT before treatment in all infected groups when compared with healthy group. In kid scours anorexia, diarrhea, emaciation, rough body coat and loss of body weight were the main clinical signs found during the study period with increase in temperature, heart rate and respiration rate. Hematological findings revealed a significant increase in PCV, Hb and TEC and TLC. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium and phosphorus while as a significant increase in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, AST and ALT before treatment in all infected groups when compared with healthy group. In pneumonia nasal discharge, depression, inappetance, dyspnea and coughing were the major clinical signs with increase in temperature, heart rate and respiration rate found in kids before treatment. Hematological findings revealed a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, TEC and TLC. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium and phosphorus while as a significant increase in creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, AST and ALT before treatment in all infected groups when compared with healthy group. In Coccidiosis based on mean OPG count before and after treatment, Amprolium (96.12%) recorded higher comparative therapeutic efficacy followed by Sulphadimidine (93.01%) and lowest by Metronidazole (85.55%). Based on profile wise evaluation score Amoxiciilin & Sulbactum recorded a highest therapeutic score (4.655) followed by Gentamicin (4.441) and lowest by Marbofloxacin (3.955) in Kids scours. In case of Pneumonia highest therapeutic score was recorded by Amoxicillin & Clauvilinic acid (4.7) followed by Strepto-pencillin (4.182) and Cefuroxime (3.925).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinicopathological studies on poultry coccidiosis with special reference to economic impact assessment in commercial poultry flocks
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Pant, Sachin; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present study aimed at epidemiological, clinico-pathological and economic loss assessment due to coccidiosis in commercial poultry flocks of Uttarakhand and adjoining states. A total of 16 commercial poultry farms were screened and 9 were found positive for coccidiosis. Out of coccidiosis positive farms, six were broiler farms (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6) and three were layer farms (L1, L2 and L3). The overall prevalence was 56.25% with 60% in broiler and 50% in layer flocks. The maximum prevalence was recorded during Aug-Sep (50%) followed by June-July (33.3%) and Dec-Jan (16.6%) in broilers, while there was equal prevalence during June-July (33.3%), Aug-Sep (33.3%) and Oct-Nov (33.3%) in layer farms. The management system mainly consisted of deep litter (87.50%) followed by cage system (12.50%). The identification of coccidian parasite was confirmed by gross lesion site, oocyst morphology and coccimorph software. The most prevalent coccidian parasite identified was E. tenella (66.6%) in both type of farms followed by E. maxima (50%) and E. necatrix (33.3%) in broiler, while in layers E. maxima (33.3%) and E. acervulina (33.3%) with mortality rates of 3.1% and 4.4% in broiler and layers, respectively. Clinical signs included bloody droppings, ruffled feathers, anaemia, production losses and increased FCR. Post-mortem revealed pale, anaemic carcass, swelled intestine and haemorrhages. Microscopic lesions were destruction of intestinal epithelium, Eimeria oocysts in intestine, haemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. Economic loss was assessed with help of various parameters viz., chemoprophylactic cost, chemotherapeutic cost, mortality loss, reduced body weight gain, increased FCR etc. in broilers while vaccination cost, chemoprophylactic cost, mortality loss, decreased egg production etc. in layers. The assessment of economic losses indicated that broiler flocks were the major sufferer with maximum loss due to reduced body weight gain followed by increased FCR, mortality, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis except in farms B1, B2 and B6. No subclinical form was observed in L1 and L2 farms whereas in L3, maximum loss was due to chemotherapeutic cost followed by loss in egg production and mortality.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence, clinico-pathology and therapeutic studies of Coccidiosis in broiler birds with special reference to herbal therapy
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Sudhanshu Shekhar; Shukla, S.K.
    The present work was conducted to study the prevalence of coccidiosis in commercial broiler and layer farms located in the district Udham Singh Nagar of Uttarakhand, India from January 2015 to December 2015. Anticoccidial activity of some herbal extracts was evaluated in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broilers and their efficacy compared with amprolium. The prevalence of disease was higher in broiler farms (59.09%) of small flock strength (76.92%) in 3-6 week age group (92.30%). Prevalence was also high in monsoon season (55.0%). ITS-1 based nested PCR identified six Eimeria species, i.e. E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. acervulina, E. praecox and E. brunette, and overall prevalence of these species were 95, 65, 45, 45, 35 and 20%, respectively. The physiochemical and phytochemical analysis of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Musa paradisiaca, Ageratum conyzoides and Melia azedarach revealed that these plant were rich in crude protein, crude fiber, NFE, organic matter, minerals, alkaloids, sterols, glycosides, phenols, protein, tannins, flavanoid, terpenoids, etc. The total phenol and total flavanoid, antioxidant activity were higher and IC50 value was lower in methanolic extract as compared to aqueous extract residues of these plant. The GC-MS analysis of crude methanolic extract of these plants showed presence of several biological active compounds. Preliminary acute toxicity study of methanolic and aqueous extracts of these plant showed that all the extract residues were safe and did not produce any toxic effect even at higher dose (5000 mg/kg b.wt.) in broilers. In vivo anticoccidial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of these plants was assessed either alone or in combination and compared the activity with the standard anticoccidial drugs amprolium. For the purpose, 300 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided in 20 groups of 15 birds each. The efficacy of these extracts was evaluated on the basis of parasitological, haematological, biochemical, immunological, serum mineral level, oxidative stress and histopatholgical studies. It was concluded from the study that methanolic extract of triherb complex (1:1:1) and methanolic extract of A. conyzoides @ 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for 7 day revealed better anticoccidial activity against E. tenella infection in broiler which was comparable with amprolium.