Epidemiological and clinico-therapeutic studies on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
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Date
2017-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and their clinicotherapeutic evaluation. Out of total 1503 dogs registered during the study period from Pantnagar and adjoining area, 961dogs were presented with gastro intestinal disorders. For the epidemiological study, 386 dogs irrespective of age, sex and breed, history of anorexia, vomition, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and dehydration were examined. The dogs were preliminary declared positive for EPI on the basis of faecal trypsin test and presence of starch and neutral fat in faeces. The positive animals were further grouped for clinicotherapeutic study. A total of four groups were made with five dogs in each group. The group I dogs, received no treatment and served as healthy control. The group II dogs received pancreatin 200 mg and simethicone 40mg combination for 45 days. The group III animals received 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity for 45 days. The group IV dogs received 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the ratio of approximately six to one for 45 days. The EPI affected dogs were also administered symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC, DLC, serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) were estimated at regular interval i.e. on 0th, 15th, 30th and 45th day of the study. The overall prevalence of EPI was found to be 0.99% on faecal analysis basis. However on serum lipase and canine pancreatic lipase activity it was found to be 0.46 and 0.40%, respectively. The clinical prevalence on faecal analysis was recorded to be 3.88% and on serum lipase and cPL basis was 1.82 and 1.56%, respectively. The maximum prevalence was observed in dogs aged 5 years and above and maximum prevalence was recorded in German shepherd dogs. All the infected group dogs exhibited significantly high level of Hb and PCV due to haemoconcentration. The leukocytic indices also showed a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophils count as compared to healthy control. No significant change in cells of erythrocyte and leukocyte indices was recorded within groups at different intervals except neutrophil, leukocyte and lymphocyte count in treated groups. The serum lipase and cPL levels were also significantly increased in all infected groups as compared to healthy control. However, no significant difference in the number of serum lipase and cPL positive cases were observed. It can be concluded from present study that EPI has moderate clinical prevalence in and around Pantnagar region of Uttarakhand. Dogs receiving 1,00,000 armour units of enzyme activity supplied by a purified concentration which has a specific trypsin and chymotrypsin activity showed better results followed by 15,000 units of USP amylase activity, 4,000 USP of lipase activity and 15,000 USP units of protease activity.
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