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Open Access
Studies on alloplasmic and euplasmic heterosis in Brassica juncea L.
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-11) Rashmi; Ram Bhajan
The present investigation was aimed to estimate heterosis and combining ability in Ogu alloplasmic hybrids as well as euplasmic hybrids, determine specific cyto-nuclear interactions and influence of ogu cytoplasm on hybrid performance. Experimental material consisted of 30 euplasmic hybrids generated by crossing 10 lines viz. PRL-2008-5, PBR-357, Maya, PRKS-28, Rohini, Sej-2, Vaibhav, EJ-22, PYR-2009-5 and PYR-2009-13 and three testers viz. IC-414317, IC-414322 and PR-2006- 14. Besides, same set of lines converted into ogu CMS background was used to develop 30 alloplasmic hybrids by crossing with three restorers (same set of testers carrying restorer gene). The parents, euplasmic and alloplasmic hybrids were evaluated in Compact Family Block Design with three replications during rabi 2016-17 at N.E.B.C.R.C., G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The data recorded on 13 characters was subjected to combining ability analysis (Kempthorne 1957), heterosis over mid parent as well as better parent (Hayes et al., 1955) and difference of mean values of two set of F1’s to determine extent of biological penalty. ANOVA revealed that mean squares due to families were significant for all characters while within family variance were found non-significant only for siliqua density. ANOVA for line × tester performed separately for both sets showed that treatment variance was significant for all characters in both the sets. Further partitioning of total variance into parents, crosses and parents vs crosses revealed that variance due to parents was significant for all characters except 50 % flowering and days to maturity in euplasmic set; and number of primary branches in alloplasmic set. Partitioning of variances due to crosses into lines, testers and line × tester in both sets showed significance mean squares for most of the characters. Mean squares due to testers were significant for number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, yield per plant and 1000 seed weight in alloplasmic set and for number of secondary branches and yield per plant in euplasmic set. For lines in euplasmic set, characters like plant height, length of main raceme, siliqua length and yield per plant showed significant differences while in alloplasmic set only yield per plant exhibited significant mean square. Variances due to line × tester interactions were significant for all characters in alloplasmic as well as in euplasmic set except siliqua length and number of seeds/siliqua in the latter. Based on desirable GCA effects, PBR-357, PYR-2009-5 and EJ-22 were identified as promising lines in euplasmic set while PBR-357A and PRL-2008-5A were high GCA lines in alloplasmic set for seed yield per plant. Among testers, IC-414317 and it’s A-line were found to be good general combiner in euplasmic and alloplasmic sets. The lines PBR-357, Maya, PR-20 in euplasmic and PBR-357A, PR-20A and RohiniA in alloplasmic set were identified as promising donors for oil content. Among testers IC-414322 was found to be good donor for oil content in both sets. Of these PBR-357, was found to have high GCA for seed yield per plant as well as oil content converged with key components. In euplasmic set, two crosses PBR-357 × PR-2006-14 & PR-20 × PR-2006-14 showed significant SCA for seed yield per plant and oil content. On the same analogy, three crosses MayaA × IC-414317, RohiniA × IC-414317 and EJ-22A × IC-414322 in alloplasmic set manifested significant SCA effects for these end products in desirable direction. The heterosis of high magnitude was manifested by large number of crosses for seed yield per plant in euplasmic as well as alloplasmic sets. Maya × IC-414317 manifested highest heterosis followed by Maya × IC-414322 and PBR-357 × PR-2006-14 in both of the sets while PBR-357 × IC-414322 and PBR-357 × PR-2006-14 for oil content were two promising combinations in both sets, respectively. The results revealed considerable amount of biological penalty which varied with cross combination and the characters. All crosses exhibited biological penalty for one or more characters under study. However, five alloplasmic cross combinations viz. PBR-357A × IC414317, PBR-357A × IC-414322, EJ-22A × IC-414322, PYR-2009-5A × IC414317 and PYR-2009-13A × PR-2006-14 performed better than corresponding euplasmic cross combinations for seed yield per plant indicating a positive cytoplasmic effect i.e. effect of cytoplasm was negated by restorer. Such combinations appear promising for commercial hybrid crop production. In the present study, influence of cyto-nuclear interaction was studied by comparing the estimates of GCA, SCA and manifestation of heterosis in euplasmic vis-à-vis in alloplasmic set of crosses. Comparison of GCA, SCA and heterosis estimates for different characters showed that it may or may not be affected by the cyto-nuclear interactions. There was complete change in the GCA status (Good to Poor or Poor to Good) of different lines for 3 or more characters. For example, PBR-357 exhibited changed GCA status for 9 characters, Maya for five characters; and PR-20 for only three characters i.e. siliquae on main raceme, number of secondary branches and siliqua length. GCA status nine lines were consistent in euplasmic as well as in alloplasmic sets for seed yield and six lines for plant height. Similarly visible influence of cyto-nuclear interaction was observed on SCA and heterosis in large number of crosses for different characters.
Open Access
Genotype × environment interaction for yield and related traits in some advance lines of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Pal, Deepak; Verma, S.K.
Open Access
Genetic analysis of brown planthopper resistance and assessment of relative efficiency of different emasculation methods in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Rather, Shoukat Ahmad; Indra Deo
Brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the destructive insect pests causing significant yield losses in rice. BPH causes direct damage to the rice plants by sucking the sap from phloem, causing hopper burn and transmitting viral diseases like grassy and ragged stunt viruses. Several resistant donors have been identified from time to time, but the new biotypes of the pest arise to defeat the extended use of resistance genes in a single variety. This necessitates the regular identification of new resistant donors along with their characterization at genetic and molecular level. Such characterization facilitates their easy and efficient utilization in crop improvement programmes. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India to identify and genetically analyze the new BPH resistance sources using classical and molecular tools. In addition, some other objectives like characterization of advanced breeding lines of rice and assessment of relative efficiency of different emasculation methods were also undertaken. The phenotypic evaluation of advanced and stable lines of rice using standard seed box screening technique revealed that genotypes PHS 29, MRST 3 and RP 2068-18-3-5 were resistant to BPH whereas, all the advanced lines were susceptible except for UPR 3943-8-1-1, UPR 3947-23-2-2, UPR 3871-8-1-2-2, UPRI 2013-10, UPR 3906-18-2-1, UPR 3951-1-1-2-1, UPR 3957-5-2-2 and UPR 3960-2-1-1, which were moderately susceptible. The molecular analysis of mapping populations (F2:3) derived from TN 1 x PHS 29 and Pusa Basmati 1 x MRST 3 crosses revealed that putative SSR markers RM3355 and RM50 were associated with BPH resistance. Primer RM50 was also confirmed to be associated with the trait using a representative pool of advanced breeding and stable lines for molecular analysis. The inheritance studies carried out on the basis of goodness of fit of segregation ratios of BPH resistant and susceptible plants in F2 generation revealed that the resistance in PHS 29 and MRST 3 genotypes is conditioned by one and two recessive genes, respectively. The gene action of BPH resistance in PHS 29 was found to be additive in nature. Whereas, in MRST 3 genotype, it was found to be dominance in nature. As far as analysis of yield and yield contributing traits is concerned, genotypes reflected significant differences and superior grain yield per plant was recorded in genotypes UPR 3906-18-2- 1, UPR 3837-7-2-1-1, UPRI 2013-4 and UPR 3819-9-1-1-1 over the years. Among various emasculation methods, hand emasculation was found to be the most efficient with pooled mean efficiency of 84.05%. Suction method was identified as the second most efficient emasculation technique after hand emasculation with pooled mean efficiency of 75.74%. The results also indicated that emasculation efficiency is genotype- independent. Concluding the results of the present endeavour, the new resistance donors can be very useful in tackling BPH attacks on rice, especially in this part of the world. However, there is a need to conduct allelic tests of the identified resistant lines by crossing them with already characterized BPH resistant sources in order to know whether the identified BPH resistant sources in the investigation are different from previous sources. Furthermore, fine mapping analysis of these possibly new genes of resistance can be carried out using the linked markers identified during the present study.
Open Access
Diversity analysis for quantitative traits, biochemical profiling and screening of MYMV in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Gupta, Richa; Arora, Anju
Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, 2n = 2x = 22) commonly known as urdbean or mash is an important pulse crop of India. The present investigation was carried out at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar, during kharif, 2011 and 2012 with 54 genotypes (including 50 test lines and 4 check varieties) of blackgram for ten quantitative traits with the objectives to study genetic divergence, character association for yield and its components, quantification of seed storage protein and identification of genotypes with high protein content, polymorphism in genotypes using SDS – PAGE and to identify resistant germplasm source for MYMV disease. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant while significant for number of pods per cluster. The highest yield was recorded as 10.55 g/plant for genotype GP 2011-15 followed by 10.30 g/plant for GP 2011- 64. Character association analysis revealed that yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with all the characters except days to 50% flowering and 100 seed weight. Based on non-hierarchical euclidean cluster analysis, 54 genotypes were grouped into nine non-overlapping clusters. The cluster V comprised of maximum number of genotypes (11) whereas, cluster VII consisted of minimum number of genotypes (2). Highest inter cluster distance was observed between the genotypes of clusters IV and VII followed by clusters IV and VI. Six genotypes viz., GP 2011-15, GP 2011-448, GP 2011-152, GP 2011-64, IS-1 and RS 241 were identified as divergent and desirable for particular characters. Genotype GP 2011-15 was selected for number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant and yield/plant, IS-1 for seeds/pod, GP 2011-448 was selected for plant height and 100 seed weight, GP 2011-152 for number of branches/plant, genotype GP 2011-64 for number of pods/cluster and pod length and RS 241 was selected for days to 50% flowering. Among genotypes evaluated some of them could be a good source of seed storage protein. In blackgram seeds protein ranged from 20.22 to 23.06%. PCPGR 8027 and PCPGR 8022 contained highest amount of total protein i.e. 23.06% and 23.03% respectively. The genotypes were grouped on the basis of SDS-PAGE analysis. The dissimilarity coefficient ranged between 0 - 0.80. A dendrogram based on the UPGMA analysis grouped 54 genotypes into 2 main clusters, cluster A and cluster B. Cluster A consisted of 26 genotypes and the remaining 28 were grouped in cluster B. Genotypes were also screened against MYMV disease. Six genotypes viz., EK 91, IS-1, Urd 83, GP 2011-15, GP 2011-64 and PCPGR 8026 were found immune against MYMV. Three genotypes GP 2011-15, GP 2011-64 and PCPGR 8026 were found agronomically good and immune against MYMV disease, whereas, PCPGR 8026 was found early maturing and contained high seed storage protein.
Open Access
Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum L. em Thell]
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Mohammed Talha; Swati
Research work on combining ability analysis and gene action for yield contributing traits with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance of fifteen wheat genotypes and their respective crosses was carried out using Line x tester analysis during Rabi 2012-2013 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Randomized Block Design with three replications was used to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis for days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), peduncle length (cm), productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and AUDPC for yellow rust. Field and molecular screening of genotypes was undertaken to classify the genotypes according to disease reaction and to detect presence of major Yr genes. The relative estimates of variance due to sca were higher than the variance due to gca for most of the traits studied indicating the predominance of non- additive gene action whereas for plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area and AUDPC additive genetic mechanism are more important. Among the tester, DPW 621-50 can be ranked as the best tester and among lines UP2596, PBW 639 and PBW 658 can be considered as the best lines as these combine well for the highest number of yield contributing characters as well as yellow rust resistance. The cross WH1100 x PBW550 was found as good cross combination for maximum number of traits. Some best crosses based on highest sca effects in desirable direction were WH1100 X FLW21 and KO307 X PBW550 for earliness, HD3065 X PBW550 for reduced plant height, UP 2596 x FLW 21 for productive tillers per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 for grain yield per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 for harvest index and AUDPC, DBW 71 x FLW 21 for flag leaf area, KO 307 x PBW 550 for peduncle length, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50 for number of grains per spike and spike length and DBW 71 x PBW 550 for 1000 grain weight. Eight crosses viz. HD 3059 x DPW 621-50, WH 1100 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x PBW 550, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x DPW 621-50, UP 2596 x FLW 21 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 had highest significant sca effects in desirable direction as well as highest per se performance for peduncle length, days to 75% heading, productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike, biological yield per plant and AUDPC, respectively. It is advocated that the good combiner genotypes could be used in crossing programme and the crosses having significant sca effects should be tested over the location and years before their exploitation. The best cross for grain yield on the basis of high estimates of standard heterosis is KO 307 x FLW 21. On the basis of field screening, all genotypes were classified in three different categories i.e., resistance, intermediate and susceptible. Molecular analysis using linked SSR primers Xwmc175 and Xpsp3000 revealed likely presence of Yr5 gene in PBW639 and Yr10 gene in HD3065, HPW211 and WH1100. These four genotypes also showed resistance response in the field under artificial inoculated conditions. So after further confirmation, these genotypes can be used as donor parents for above mentioned yellow rust resistance genes.
Open Access
Evaluation of elite germplasm for identification of potential restorers and maintainers in rice [Oryza sativa L.]
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-07) Bisht, Meenakshi; Nautiyal, M.K.
The present investigation was carried out during kharif 2012 at the Norman E Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. pant University of Agriculture and Technology. The study compromised of thirty-one elite lines, three testers (IR 58025A, Pusa 6A and Pant CMS 2A), one standard check (Pant Dhan 12) and ninety-three F1 hybrids. All the material was planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications following line x tester mating design. The objectives of the present study were (i).To estimate the combining ability of CMS lines and crosses, (ii).To estimate the nature and magnitude of heterosis, and (iii). To identify superior maintainers and restorers for development of potential CMS lines and hybrids. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed importance of non-additive gene action in the expression of various characters. The results indicated that the NDR 1425 (L5), CR 2648-6-3-2 (L7), UPR 2642-31-1-1 (L22) and KPH 371(L31) were the best combiners among lines as evident from significant GCA effects for high number of yield contributing characters and some parents showing maximum per se performance were also the best general combiner for the characters i.e. Pusa 1592-06-5-2 (L20) for panicle length, NDR 1425 (L5) and Pusa 1509-03-1-7-2 (L18) for 1000 grain weight, R 1530-1546-1-418-1 (L3) for filled grains per panicle, IRBBN 90 (L27) for unfilled grains per panicle. Moderate to high degree of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were recorded for grain yield per plant and most of its components. The per cent standard heterosis, for grain yield ranged between -86.397 to 33.272 per cent, suggesting good scope for identifying heterotic crosses for exploitation in optimum fertility conditions. The best heterotic hybrids, UPR 3729F6-2-4-4 x IR 58025 A (L23 x T1), MTU 1121 x Pusa 6A (L15 x T2), R 1530-1546-1-418-1 x Pusa 6A (L3 x T2) and UPR 3425-11-1-1 x IR 58025 A (L1 X T1) in normal conditions expressing higher SCA effects and per se performance, also involved good/ good combining parents into them. These crosses may be suggested for straight use in hybrid breeding. On the basis of spikelet fertility percent, lines were grouped as maintainer, restorer and partial restorer/maintainer lines. Among thirty one lines, none of the lines behave as maintainer and restorer with all the three CMS lines (IR 58025 A, Pusa 6A and Pant CMS 2A), six lines viz . , L4, L9, L10, L14, L15 and L25 behave as maintainers with both IR 58025 A and Pusa 6A CMS lines and rest behave like partial restorer/ maintainer lines.
Open Access
Studies on variability, path coefficient and character association analysis of morphological and quality traits in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2012-08) Yesu Babu, Kandlagunta; Pandey, P.K.
The present investigation was under taken at Breeder Seed Production centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during Kharif 2011. The study was aimed (1) To classify the germplasm lines based on scoring for various qualitative morphological traits, (2) to estimate the amount of genetic variability, heritability and expected genetic advance under selection, (3) to estimate intercharacter-correlation coefficients and direct and indirect effects of various component traits on grain yield, (4) to estimate the amount of protein content in grains. The observations were recorded on 17 quantitative characters and 16 qualitative characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there is highly significant difference among all 33 treatments for all the characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation was the major component of total variation however; PCV was invariably higher than GCV for the characters studied. Number of seeds per ear showed high PCV followed by ear weight, yield and number of productive tillers per plant while days to fifty per cent flowering recorded lowest PCV. Ear weight, thousand grain weight, protein content, days to maturity, days to fifty per cent flowering and yield showed high heritability and genetic advance. While, number of productive tillers per plant, leaf number per tiller, Length of flag leaf and finger length showed moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance. Plant height, culm thickness, width of flag leaf, peduncle length, finger width and number of seeds per ear showed low heritability coupled with low genetic advance. Number of productive tillers per plant, leaf number per tiller, thousand grain weight and ear weight showed highly significant positive correlation with yield. Grain yield was found positively associated with days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height, culm thickness, peduncle length, finger number per ear, finger width and protein content. While days to fifty per cent flowering recorded highly significant positive correlation with days to maturity. Days to fifty per cent flowering, flag leaf width, number of productive tillers per plant, number of leaves, peduncle length and culm thickness showed positive direct effect on yield. Number of productive tillers per plant, leaf number per tiller, days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, finger number per ear, thousand grain weight and ear weight showed positive indirect effect on yield through number of seeds per ear. In protein analysis it was found that the genotype GP-2011-79 found to contain high protein content than the checks. Similarly the genotype GP-2011-19 exhibited highest yield over the checks however the following genotypes GP-2011-294, GP-2011-366 and GP-2011-454 were also found high yielding which can be used as parental stocks in breeding programme. Therefore it can be concluded that selection for reduced plant height, more number of productive tillers per plant, increased ear weight, and more maturity duration would be in favour of achieving higher yield in finger millet.
Open Access
Studies on protein profiling (SDS-PAGE) combining ability and heterosis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Pant, Usha
The present investigation was carried out with the aim to evaluate the genetic purity of cross combinations using SDS-PAGE analysis and study of selection parameters, combining ability, extent of heterosis for various quantitative characters in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. The experimental material for present study comprised of a set of 15 genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) of diverse origin involving four early maturing genotypes (NDRE-4, PRE-2007-6, PR-2006-1 and PRE-2009-9), six agronomically superior genotypes (NDYR-8, Kranti, Maya, Bhaghirathi, RGN-74 and RGN-145), two genotypes suitable for late sowing (Vardan and Ashirwad) and three bold seeded genotypes (PRB-2006-5, PRB-2008-5 and PRB-2004-3-4). Crosses were made between these genotypes in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals during rabi 2011-12. The parents and their 105 F1’s along with one standard variety (Kranti) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during rabi 2012-13 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The combining ability analysis was performed by following Griffing’s (1956) method 2 and model 1. Results of ANOVA showed that the mean squares due to gca and sca were highly significant for all the characters except secondary branches per plant, the magnitude of former being higher than later, indicating predominance of additive gene action for the expression of the characters under study. The estimates of 2 sca were found to be higher than the 2 gca for all characters except number of seeds per siliqua and oil content. Predictability ratio was highest for days to 50 percent flowering, number of seeds per siliqua and oil content. It indicated the predominance of fixable variance which can be utilized by following any breeding methodology for improvement of such traits. For rest of the traits the value of predictability was lower than one. It represented the involvement of non-fixible variance so in such characters the heterosis breeding appears to be the best option. Average degree of dominance showed partial dominance(<1.0) for days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per siliqua and oil content and over dominance(>1.0) for primary branches per plant, glucosinolate content, chlorophyll content, siliqua length, length of main raceme, test weight, siliquae on main raceme, secondary branches per plant, seed yield per plant, plant height, days to maturity and siliqua density. Based on significant GCA effects in desirable direction, the parents NDRE-4 (-3.651**) for early maturity; NDRE-4 (-11.077**) for dwarf plant height; Maya (1.796**) for seed yield per plant; NDYR-8 (0.736**), for oil content and Kranti (-7.104**) for low glucosinolate content could be screened as superior donors. The study revealed that crosses Bhaghirathi × PRB-2004-3-4 (-6.252**) for early maturity; PRB-2008-5 × PRB- 2004-3-4 (-30.236**) for dwarf plant height; Vardan × Ashirwad (0.849*) for oil content and Bhaghirathi × RGN-145 (-36.632**) for low glucosinolat content had high magnitude of sca effects. The evaluation of heterosis revealed that heterotic combinations PRB-2004-3-4×PRE-2009-9 (-9.627**), Bhaghirathi × PRE-2009-9 (-16.53**), RGN-145 × PR-2006-1 (-4.64**) for early maturity; PRB-2008-5 ×PRB-2004-3-4 (-24.37**), PRB-2008-5 × PRE-2009-9 (-24.89**), PRE-2009-9 × NDYR-8 (-23.32**) for dwarf plant height; PR-2006-1 × NDRE-4 (201.74**) , PR-2006-1 × NDYR-8 (137.26**), Maya × PRE-2004-3-4 (40.26**) for seed yield; PRE-2009-9 × NDYR-8 (15.84**), RGN-74 × PRE-2007-6 (2.91**), Maya × NDYR-8 (2.09**) for oil content had highest potential for of mid parent heterosis better parent and economic heterosis respectively. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis was employed to assess the genetic purity of parents and their 105 F1’s. Based on protein profiling, 105 F1’s and 15 parents were characterized by soluble leaf proteins separated on SDS-PAGE. A wide variation was observed in the pattern of protein bands of studied hybrids and parental lines. The hybrids differed in the number of bands, their relative mobility and intensity. In case of hybrids the bands at different rf values distinguished the F1’s from their parental lines. The bands in F1’s at different rf value may be inherited from one or both parents or may be new bands present with different intensity.
Open Access
Genetic evaluation of advanced breeding lines of mungbean for nitrogen fixation, yield and other quantitative traits
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-06) Sahu, Hemant; Panwar, R.K
The present investigation was carried out at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India, during kharif, 2011and Kharif 2012 with 35 genotypes (including 32 advanced breeding lines and 3 check varieties) of mungbean for nineteen quantitative characters with the objective to study genetic divergence, variability, character association for yield and its component and their direct and indirect effects on seed yield. The mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the characters studied. In general, phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation in similar direction. Nodule volume exhibited maximum PCV in both the season. Plant height, nodule number and yield/plot exhibited high heritability in combination with high genetic advance in both the season. A comparison of mean performance of genotypes revealed the superiority of genotypes over the checks for various characters in both the season. PM 6 and PM 11-1 were promising genotypes for yield/plot, whereas PM 11-8 and PM 11-20 were promising for yield/plant in both the season. PM 11-8 and PM 11-25 were promising genotype for nitrogen fixation for 2011 and 2012, respectively. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients in both the season for most of the characters. Correlation studies showed that grain yield had significant positive association with number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index and yield per plot. Straw protein showed positive and significant correlation with nitrogen fixation/plant. In the present study it was found that root length, plant height, seed/pod and 100 seed weight are important traits which have direct and positive effect on yield in both the season. Based on D2 statistic, the 35 genotypes were grouped into 14 and 12 clusters in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The maximum numbers of genotypes (19) were grouped in cluster I in 2011 and cluster II in 2012. The maximum divergence was observed between cluster VII and VIII in 2011, while in cluster I and VIII in 2012. During 2011 nodule volume contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by nodule dry weight and nitrogen fixation whereas in 2012 nitrogen fixation showed highest contribution followed by nodule dry weight Lowest contribution was made by days to maturity followed by days to 50 % flowering and seed protein in 2011, while seed/pod showed minimum contribution followed by seed protein in 2012. Based on variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis, it was observed that number of pods per plant, number of primary branches, harvest index, seed yield per plant determining yield and were found to be important yield attributing characters for selection in mungbean improvement. We can improve yield by selection and hybridization followed by selection.

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