Genetic analysis of grain yield and its components with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance in bread wheat [Triticum aestivum L. em Thell]
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Date
2013-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Research work on combining ability analysis and gene action for yield contributing traits with field and molecular screening for yellow rust resistance of fifteen wheat genotypes and their respective crosses was carried out using Line x tester analysis during Rabi 2012-2013 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. Randomized Block Design with three replications was used to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis for days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant
height (cm), peduncle length (cm), productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike (g), 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), harvest index (%)
and AUDPC for yellow rust. Field and molecular screening of genotypes was undertaken to classify the genotypes according to disease reaction and to detect presence of major Yr genes. The relative estimates of variance due to sca were higher than the variance due to gca for most of the traits studied indicating the predominance of non- additive gene action whereas for plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area and AUDPC additive genetic mechanism are more important. Among the tester, DPW 621-50 can be ranked as the best tester and among lines
UP2596, PBW 639 and PBW 658 can be considered as the best lines as these combine well for the highest number of yield contributing characters as well as yellow rust resistance. The cross WH1100 x PBW550 was found as good cross combination for maximum number of traits. Some best crosses based on highest sca effects in desirable direction were WH1100 X FLW21 and KO307 X PBW550 for earliness, HD3065 X PBW550 for reduced plant height, UP 2596 x FLW 21 for productive tillers per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 for grain yield per plant, WH 1100 x PBW 550 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 for harvest index and AUDPC, DBW 71 x FLW 21 for flag leaf area, KO 307 x PBW 550 for peduncle length, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50 for number of grains per spike and spike length and DBW 71 x PBW 550 for 1000 grain weight. Eight crosses viz. HD 3059 x DPW 621-50, WH 1100 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x FLW 21, UP 2596 x PBW 550, HPW 211 x DPW 621-50, PBW 644 x DPW 621-50, UP 2596 x FLW 21 and KO 307 x DPW 621-50 had highest significant sca effects in desirable direction as well as highest per se performance for peduncle length, days to 75% heading, productive tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike, biological yield per plant and AUDPC, respectively. It is advocated that the good combiner genotypes could be used in crossing programme and the crosses having significant sca effects should be tested over the location and years before their exploitation. The best cross for grain yield on the basis of high estimates of standard heterosis is KO 307 x FLW 21. On the basis of field screening, all genotypes were classified in three different categories i.e., resistance, intermediate and susceptible. Molecular analysis using linked SSR primers Xwmc175 and Xpsp3000 revealed likely presence of Yr5 gene in PBW639 and Yr10 gene in HD3065, HPW211 and WH1100. These four genotypes also showed resistance response in the field under artificial inoculated conditions. So after further confirmation, these genotypes can be used as donor parents for above mentioned yellow rust resistance genes.
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