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2007 - 200923
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of variability in variety farm selection-1 of papaya (Carica papaya L.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Singh, Prem; Roy, D.
    The present investigation was carried out during 2007-08 at Horticultural Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental material comprised of a variety Farm Selection -1 of papaya. The objective was to study variation for different quantitative traits and the character association in the variety Farm Selection-1 of papaya. Observations were recorded on 112 fruiting plants for various characters namely height of the plant, height at first flower, days to flowering, leaf length, leaf width, pedicel length, number of nodes, girth of plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruiting node length, fruit diameter, pulp thickness and cavity size. The coefficient of variability was highest for fruit number per plant and fruit weight so, these two traits showed higher variability in comparison to other traits. The coefficient of variability was lowest for leaf length and leaf width so, these traits showed lower variability in comparison to other traits. Wide range of mean values for all the fourteen traits showed immense variability present in the variety Farm Selection-1 which indicates that selection can be practiced for improvement of these traits. Phenotypic correlation coefficients were also calculated between fourteen pairs of traits. Economically important characters like number of fruit was positively and significantly correlated with fruiting node length, fruit weight, fruit diameter and pulp thickness. Fruit weight was positively and significantly correlated with fruiting node length, fruit diameter and pulp thickness. Fruiting node length was positively and significantly correlated with fruit diameter, pulp thickness and cavity size. Fruit diameter was positively and significantly correlated with pulp thickness and cavity size. Pulp thickness was positively and significantly correlated with cavity size and Cavity size was the trait which showed positive and significant correlations with other traits viz., pedicel length, girth of plant, fruit weight, fruiting node length, fruit diameter and pulp thickness.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of seed quality and resistance to bruchid in F7 interspecific progenies of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Somappa, Jaggal; Bajpai, G.C.
    A laboratory experiment was conducted at pulse quality laboratory of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, GBPUA&T Pantnagar during 2008 to find out variation among physical characteristics of [F7 generation] eighty one interspecific progenies derived using cultivated parents ICPL84023, PA134 and UPAS120 and wild species viz. Cajanus scarabaoeides, C.acutifolius and C.cajanifolius. Grayed orange, Grayed red, Grayed purple with plain, speckled and mottled color pattern were noted among progenies. Highest 100 seed weight (10.2g) was recorded in one of the progeny of UPAS120×C.cajanifolius. Highest variation for 100 seed volume (5.83-8.83ml) was seen in PA134 × C.cajanifolius. High seed density of (1.5g/ml) was recorded in UPAS120 × C.acutifolius. Maximum hydration capacity of (10.8g) was noted in CPL84023×C.cajanifolius followed by high hydration index in ICPL84023 × C. acutifolius. Swelling capacity of (13.50ml) was accounted in one of the progeny of UPAS120 × C. scarabaeoides, while swelling index was maximum in PA134 × C. scarabaeoides. High grain hardness (21.81kg) was noted in UPAS120 × C. cajanifolius. Among correlations, strong positive association was seen among 100 seed weight and 100 seed density, whereas grain hardness showed negative significant association with 100 seed volume (-0.27) and hydration index (-0.24). The study was also carried out for suitability of these progenies to Callosobruchus chinensis. Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an important store grain pest of pulses in general and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) in particular. All nine interspecific progenies of pigeonpea exhibited differential responses to infestation by Bruchid with respect to oviposition occur directly on seeds. The least oviposition was recorded in UPAS120 × C. scarabaeiodes (2.44 eggs/20seeds) as compared to checks were higher (15 eggs/ 20seeds) and this progeny also showed least developmental period (18.33 days) followed by UPAS120 × C. acutifolius (24.66 days).the percent of adult emergence was recorded one of the progeny UPAS120× C. cajanifoilus was showed less support (23.5%) followed by UPAS120×C.acutifolius (50.10%) and CPL84023×C.acutifolius(47.40%) as compared to one parent UPAS120 was higher (69.65%). On the basis of growth index of the pest showed that percentage of adult emergence and mean time adult emergence were two important parameters for assessing seed resistance. One of the progeny, UPAS120×C.scarabaeiodes showed relative resistance compared to rest of the progenies.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Correlation and path analysis in tea [Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Bhaskar, Jitendra; Roy, D.
    The field experiment was conducted on five varieties at Tea Research Station, Kausani, Uttarakhand to understand nature and magnitude of variation present among the tea germplasm and to characterize the different clones. Data were recorded on ten characters for each genotype. The phenotypic coefficient of variability was highest for surface area of bush followed by weight of the bud and number of plucking points but lowest for length of the 1st leaf of the shoot. Genotypic coefficient of variability was highest for surface area of bush followed by weight of the bud and number of plucking points and lowest for length of the 1st leaf of the shoot followed by width of 1st leaf of the shoot. 100 seed weight, length of mature leaf, weight of the bud and number of plucking points showed high heritability. The genetic advance was high for 100 seed weight followed by number of plucking points and weight of the shoot. Comparison of mean showed that T-78 Vs Kangrajat, BSS-449 Vs Kangrajat and UPASI-9 Vs Kangrajat, combinations are genetically diverse. Comparison of variance shows that AV-2 and Kangrajat are genetically diverse genotypes. Comparison of both mean and variance shows that AV-2 and kangrajat are genotypically most diverse genotypes. Correlation coefficients at the genotypic level reveal that only three pair of traits, namely, number of plucking points and weight of the shoot, surface area of bush and width of 1st leaf of the shoot, length of mature leaf and width of the mature leaf showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation. Surface area of bush showed negative and significant correlation with weight of the shoot. Path analysis revealed that only four traits, namely, length of the mature leaf, width of the mature leaf, number of plucking points, and width of the 1st leaf of shoot showed high, positive and direct effect on weight of the shoot. Correlation and path analysis revealed that in tea, traits, number of plucking points, length of mature leaf, width of mature leaf and width of 1st leaf of the shoot can be considered important for improving the weight of shoot in tea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Generation mean analysis for quantitative characters and inheritance of white flower in mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Limbu, Nandita; Singh, S.P.
    Rapeseed mustard is an important oilseed crop and occupies third place after groundnut and soybean. The basic objective of any breeding method is to increase the yield per unit area to meet the demand of increasing populations. In recent years, the genetic base of the rapeseed mustard has decreased drastically resulting in limited levels of genetic diversity. Hence, present investigation involved three experiments. First experiment was undertaken to gather information on adequacy of genetic model, nature and magnitude of gene effects in Indian mustard. The second experiment was done to study the inheritance of white flower colour in Families 1 & 2. Third experiment included protein profiling of generations of both the families with the help of SDS-PAGE. The experimental material comprised of two families with ten generations viz., parents (P1 and P2), F1􀂶s, RF1􀂶s, F2􀂶s, RF2􀂶s, backcrosses (BC1 and BC2) and reciprocal backcrosses (RBC1 and RBC2). RH 9904 (P1) and Sej-2 (P1) along with a common parent PR-2006-1 (P2) were used for the formation of Family 1 and 2 respectively. These generations were evaluated in Compact Family Block Design. The data of six generations were subjected to generation mean analysis following joint scaling test (Cavalli, 1952). The adequacy of additive-dominance (3 PM) model was observed for days to flowering, number of primary branches, siliqua length and number of seeds per siliqua in Family 2 and for number of secondary branches in Family 1, while for plant height, length of main raceme and 1000-seed weight in both the families. Additive effect 􀂵􀁇􀂶 was significant for seed yield and total siliqua per plant in Family 2 while for days to flowering, number of secondary branches in Family 1. Length of main raceme, siliqua on main raceme, number of seeds per siliqua showed the significance of additive [d] effects in both the families. Dominance effect was significant in the inheritance of most of the characters in both the families. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for seed yield in Family 1 and 2. Number of secondary branches and total number of siliqua per plant in Family 2 and oil content in Family 1 showed the presence of duplicate epistasis. The study on inheritance of white flower colour revealed that flower colour in the above genotypes was controlled by recessive monogene with yellow dominant over white colour. Seed protein profiling revealed the absence of any maternal effect among crosses and their reciprocals in both the families. In Family 2, F2 and RF2 were found to be more similar to P2 (female parent) than F1 and RF1 indicating the significance of female parent.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of elite germplasm for yield, its components and mineral nutrients in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Dhamdhere, Dhanraj Hanumant; Pandey, P.K.
    The present investigation was undertaken at Breeder Seed Production Centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during kharif of 2006-2007. The study was aimed (1) to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance, (2) to study phenotypic, genotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation between various characters under study and (3) to estimate direct and indirect effect of various component characters on yield. The observations were recorded on 21 quantitative characters and 16 qualitative characters. The analysis of variance revealed that there is highly significant difference among all 29 treatments for all the characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation was the major component of total variation however; PCV was invariably higher than GCV for most of the characters studied. Crude fiber content showed high PCV followed by ear weight, iron content, straw weight and grain yield while plant height showed lowest PCV. Ear weight, straw weight and total biomass showed high heritability and high genetic advance while grain yield exhibited moderate heritability and high genetic advance. Plant height, number of tiller per plant, leaf number per plant and finger number showed low heritability. Finger length, straw weight and total biomass showed highly significant positive correlation with yield. Grain yield was found positively associated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, thousand grain weight, ear weight and harvest index. Days to 50% flowering showed highly significant positive correlation with days to maturity, ear weight, straw weight and total biomass. All the nutritional characters were found negatively correlated with yield. Total biomass, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area and days to 50% flowering showed positive direct effect on yield while thousand grain weight showed positive indirect effect on yield through ear weight. In mineral nutrient analysis, it is found that the genotypes namely GE-453, GE-483, GE-2941 and GE-3149 found to contain higher content of manganese than the checks (VL- 146, VL-315). Similarly the genotypes GE-146 and GE-483 were found having higher content of iron while GE-2941, GE-4898, GE-4999 and GE-5230 exhibited more total ash than the checks. However the genotypes viz., GE-2219, GE-2760, GE-3099 and GE-5116 found to contain higher amount of crude fiber over the checks. So, it can be concluded that selection for reduced plant height, more number of tillers per plant, increased ear weight, higher total biomass, greater harvest index and more maturity duration would be in favour of achieving higher yield in the finger millet.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic divergence and seed protein profiling in forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Mehra, Deepak; Verma, J.S.
    The present investigation was undertaken with the objective to know the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and nature and magnitude of association between fodder yield and its component characters. The genetic diversity based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic, Canonical Root analysis and seed protein profiling (through SDS-PAGE) was also investigated. The experimental material comprised of thirty genotypes of cowpea. The trial was planted during Kharif 2007 at the Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observations were recorded on twenty four characters. Substantial genetic variability was observed among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The characters namely dry matter yield, crude protein yield, green fodder yield, number of leaves per plant, seed yield per plot showed high variability. While number of seeds per pod, terminal leaflet length, days to 50% flowering and dry matter digestibility% exhibited low variability. This indicated that there is sufficient scope for selection of desirable characters among variable genotypes. The estimates of heritability in broad sense were generally high for most of the characters. Number of leaves per plant, 100-seed weight, leaf: stem ratio, pod length, dry matter digestibility%, seed yield per plot, days to 50% flowering, stover yield per plot, plant height, crude protein content% and dry matter yield showed high heritability estimates (more than 75%). Neutral detergent fibre% showed lowest heritability estimates. High to moderate expected genetic advance with high heritability estimates for dry matter yield, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf: stem ratio, pod length, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plot, stover yield per plot and dry matter digestibility% indicated that substantial improvement in fodder yield and quality could be achieved through selection. Genotypic correlation coefficients were generally higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients. Seed yield showed significant positive correlation with dry matter yield, dry matter%, crude protein yield and plant height. Green fodder yield also showed positive and significant correlation with number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, dry matter yield and crude protein yield On the basis of Mahalanobis D2 values, thirty genotypes were classified into ten clusters. From the pattern of clustering it could be concluded that sufficient divergence was present in the experimental material which enabled the formation of different clusters. Pod length contributed maximum toward divergence followed by crude protein content%, dry matter digestibility%, plant height, number of leaves per plant, stover yield per plot. On the basis of high mean yield and quality traits, better performing genotypes viz., EC 394-1 (cluster VI), TVu 3531-1-5 (cluster III), EC101980 (cluster IX), UPC 287, UPC 9202, UPC 622 (cluster II) identified. The hybridization programme to be practiced across clusters for evolving high yielding derivatives/transgressive segregants Canonical Root analysis for divergence among thirty genotypes showed that first three vectors (􀇌1, 􀇌2 and 􀇌3) were able to explain variation up to 50%. The coefficient of canonical vectors, attached to different characters indicated number of leaves per plant, pod length, dry matter digestibility% and crude protein percentage for their contribution towards total divergence. The two dimensional graph indicated sufficient divergence among the genotypes. The clustering pattern indicated the close correspondence cluster composition as D2 statistic.Cowpea genotypes differ from each other with respect to total number of protein bands, their thickness and intensity. On the basis of SDS PAGE electrophoretic dendrogram, the 30 genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. The similarity index estimated on the basis of homologous bands between pairs of genotypes, ranged between 53.80 per cent for UPC 618 to 100.0% for Pr-1 and UPC 5286.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotype x environment interaction analysis for yield, its components and quality traits in heat tolerant and elite genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Arya, Deepti; Jaiswal, J.P.
    The present investigation was carried out during Rabi 2007-08 at the Crop Resarch Centre of G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was evaluated in RBD with three replications in two dates of sowing namely, November 30 (E1 and E2) and December 20 (E3 and E4), 2007 and with two doses of nitrogen i.e. 120 and 160 kg/ha. Twenty four wheat genotypes were taken, out of which ten were tolerant (medium to high level of terminal heat tolerance), two susceptible and twelve were elite lines. The observations were recorded on 5 randomly selected competitive plants from the middle two rows of each plot. Considering the nitrogen as one of the major factor determining yield and quality, significant impact of sowing dates and terminal heat stress problem, 24 genotypes of wheat were subjected to correlation, path coefficient and genotype x interaction analysis. Analysis of variance revealed that differences among the genotypes were highly significant for all the characters except starch content in E1, number of spikelets/spike in E2, E3 and E4. Grain yield/m2 exhibited significant positive correlation with harvest index and 1000-grain weight. The grain protein content showed positive correlations both at genotypic and phenotypic levels with sedimentation value over all the four environments. The path coefficient analysis revealed that number of spikelets/spike in and spike length were the important contributor towards the grain yield/m2 and have shown the highest positive direct effect on grain yield/m2. Stability analysis revealed that among the heat tolerant lines viz., NP 846, PBN 51, PBW 373, Raj 4026, Raj 4077, UP 2338, which were observed to be stable, the genotype Raj 4077 was observed with highest yield and considered to be the most stable genotypes. The heat susceptible genotype Raj 4014 was observed to be specifically adapted to unfavourable environment on account of cool weather prevailing during the crop period. Results of the present investigation find its significance as three out of 12 elite lines namely, UP 02215, UP 02240A and UP 02240B were found stable for grain yield/m2 per se in addition to biological yield, harvest index and hectoliter weight.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bioassay for bruchid resistance and DNA fingerprinting in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Gupta, Debjyoti Sen; Pandey, Indradeo
    Bruchid (Calosobruchus chinensis L.) is an important store grain pest of pulses in general and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp.] in particular. An experiment was conducted at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Pantnagar to find out possible sources of resistance to bruchid and their biochemical and molecular analysis among ninety genotypes of cowpea which were obtained from IITA, Nigeria and Cowpea Research Centre, Pantnagar. Under initial screening we found thirty genotypes showing moderate to high level of resistance against bruchid. Again selected thirty genotypes were screened were screened following completely randomized design (CRD).Again genotypes were categorized showing moderate to high level of resistance to bruchid. Eighteen selected genotypes were biochemically screened for amylase inhibitor activity and it was found though variability exists for its activity but it may not be sole factor responsible for conferring resistance to bruchid beetle in case of cowpea. Finally selected ten genotypes were analyzed by RAPD (Random Amplified polymorphic DNA) for assessing genetic variability existing among the selected genotypes. It was found that considerable variability exists among the cowpea genotypes. The findings of the above study will certainly aid in the identification of the donor sources of resistance to bruchid, in addition it also indicates possible involvement of other factors including or excluding the amylase inhibitor in conferring resistance to bruchid beetle.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics of yield and quality characters in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Anil Kumar; Mani, S.C.
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.), the second most important crop after wheat, is staple food for nearly 60 per cent of world population and contributes over 20 per cent of total calorie intake of human population. More than 90 per cent of rice is grown in the developing countries of Asia, where the problem of food supplies are acute. Globally, it is cultivated in about 146 million hectares, which produce 520 million tonnes of rough rice annually. In India, rice is grown in an area of 44.0 million hectares with a production of about 91.05 million tonnes and a productivity of 3.1 tonnes per hectare. Genetic improvement in rice has contributed significantly to food security in Asia during the last three decades, but to meet the growing demand of ever-increasing population, it is necessary to produce new rice varieties combining higher yield potential with excellent quality. The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2004 to Kharif, 2006 at the Crop Research Centre of G.B.P.U.A.T., Pantnagar. The main objectives of this study were (1) To apply simple and joint scaling tests for the detection of non-allelic interaction (2) To study the simple additive ±dominance and digenic models for the estimation of genetic components of variation (3) To study the gene action for grain yield, its components and certain quality traits in basmati rice (4) To estimate the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression. Genetic analysis to grain yield ,its components and certain quality traits were based on 7 intraspecfic crosses (UPRI 2003-13 × Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105 × Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, UPR 2879-98-105 × Type 3, UPRI 2003-18 × UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19 × UPR 2879-98-105, UPR 2879-98-105 × Taraori Basmat, and UPRI 2003-13 × Type 3) involving 8 parents( UPRI 2003-13, Taraori Basmati, UPR 2879-98-105, Pusa 1121-92-8-1-3-3, Type-3, UPRI 2003-18, UPRI 93-104, UPRI 2003-19)and their F1¶s, F2¶s and backcross progenies. Six generations (P1, P 2, F 1¶s, F2¶s, BC1P1¶s and BC1P2¶s) of same 7 crosses, mentioned above, were evaluated by generation mean analysis in a Compact Family Block Design in three replications. Observations were recoded on days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel breadth, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content . Additive (d) component was found to be important for day to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, gel consistency and amylose content. Dominance gene effect (h) played an important role in governing the inheritance of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content. Both additive and dominance effects contributed significantly in the expression of day to 50% flowering, plant height number of grains per panicle, panicle length and 1000- grain weight. Among the digenic interactions, additive x additive (i) was found most important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, panicle length , grain yield per plant, kernel length and kernel L/B ratio, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, gel consistency and amylose content The dominance x dominance component (l) was relatively more important for days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant number of grains per panicle, kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, cooked kernel length, cooked kernel breadth, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency , whereas additive x dominance (j) gene effect played important role in the expression of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel elongation ratio, alkali digestion value, and gel consistency. Duplicate epistasis was observed in almost all the crosses for various quantitative and qualitative characters. Most of the crosses exhibited maximum heterosis for grain yield, 1000-grain weight; numbers of grains/panicle, panicle length, number of effective tillers/plant and plant height.