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20213
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Subject: Fisheries Resource Management × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative studies on reproductive performance of common carp and amur carp with different types of feed
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Tamta, Mahima; Ram, R.N.
    Proper nutrition is one of the most important factors influencing the ability of fish to attain the genetic potential for growth, reproduction and longevity. Nutrition is essential for egg development, fertilization rate, and ability of reproduction, ovarian tissues, growth and development of embryo. Feed should be formulated to meet the nutritional needs of the reproducing fish. The present study was conducted to compare the reproductive performance of common carp and Amur carp with different types of feed. Four different kinds of diets were prepared i.e. control diet, protein diet, lipid diet, carbohydrate diet. Both species including males and females were divided accordingly into the five groups i.e. control group with fix feeding (fish fed both the times morning and evening), and control group with random feeding (fish fed only once in a day in a random manner), protein group, lipid group, and carbohydrate group. All the fish in all the groups fed in split doses both morning and evening except for the control group with random feeding. The experiment was carried out for the 13 months from March 2019- March 2020. Improved growth in terms of length, weight, percent weight gain, GSI & HSI was observed in the group that was fed with protein diet. All the serum biochemical parameters evaluated found in optimal range. Serum steroid hormones were found elevated in lipid diet. Live sperm, motility duration, and spermatocrit are found highest in the diet enriched with lipid. Fecundity, ova diameter, was found maximum in the lipid and protein diet for both species. While observing the embryonic development between the two experimental fish i.e. common carp and Amur carp fed with the protein, lipid and carbohydrate diet and with different feeding schedules the present study revealed that both of the experimental fish fed with protein, lipid, carbohydrate and conventional diet had customary standard embryonic development with clear and normal organogenesis. However, at the same time the fish group with random feeding (once a day) displayed retarded development. From the present study it is revealed that quantity and quality of food along with an optimum feeding frequency are equally crucial for a superior growth, better health and a successful reproductive cycle of fish. These observations indicate that Amur strain of common carp displayed improved somatic growth as well as gonadal growth, so if it is cultured in large scale, it will definitely help in augmentation of fish production.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-monitoring - a tool for assessment of biotic and abiotic parameters in two major Riverine ecosystem
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Sumit Kumar; Saxena, Amita
    Biomonitoring of two major riverine ecosystem Ganga and Yamuna was carried out to know the present situation of rivers. In Ganga river three sites from each district viz: Haridwar (A1), Bijnor (A2) and Muzaffarnagar (A3) and One site from Union territory Delhi (B1) and two sites from districts of U.P. viz: Mathura (B2) and Agra (B3) were selected from Yamuna river.In Ganga river a total of 39 fish species belonging to 8 orders and 16 families were recorded whereas in Yamuna river a total of 45 fish species belonging to 8 orders and 16 family were recorded. The Physico-chemical parameter of Ganga river was found better than Yamuna river. The occurrence of heavy metals in fishes of Ganga river were in order Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Hg > Cd. The level of Pb was found above the recommended level of WHO in fishes.The occurrence of heavy metals in Yamuna river were found in the order Zn> Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. The level of Pb, Cd, Hg & Cr were found above the recommended level of WHO in fishes. In Ganga river water heavy metals were found in the order: Pb> Cu> Zn> Cr> Cd> Hg while in Yamuna river found in the order: Cr> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd> Hg. Pb in Ganga &Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr & Zn in Yamuna water was found above the recommended level of WHO. The accumulation of heavy metals in Eichhornia crassipesof Ganga and Yamuna river was found in the order: Zn >Cr >Pb > Cu >Cd >Hg and Zn >Pb >Cr > Cu >Cd >Hg respectively. The level of heavy metals in sedimentof Ganga and Yamuna river was found in the order: Zn >Cr >Pb >Cu >Cd >Hg and Cr >Zn >Pb >Cu > Cd >Hg. In macro-benthic community of Ganga river were found in the order:Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Hg while in Yamuna Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. Planktonic density was greater in Yamuna river. Suitable bio-indicators from both the rivers were also documented.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synergic effect of plant extract and heavy metal (Cu) on hematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Goswami, Kusumlata; Ram, R.N.
    The present investigation was designed to evaluate the biosorption efficiency of leaves and bark extract of our multipurpose indigeneous trees i.e. Kafal (Myrica esculenta) as well as Banj (Quercus leucotrichophora) against copper ion adsorption. Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of copper sulphate and the synergic effect of plant extract and heavy metal copper was checked in Amur carp for the duration of 6 months. Amur carp fingerlings were exposed for the duration of 96 hours against 7 different concentrations of copper starting from 1ppm to 4ppm with an increment of 0.5ppm i.e. 1ppm, 1.5ppm, 2ppm, 2.5ppm, 3ppm, 3.5ppm and 4ppm. The 96 hrs LC50 value of CuSO4 to Amur carp fingerlings was found to be 1.811 ppm by Finney’s probit analysis method of data evaluation for acute toxicity bioassay. The lethal toxicity test (LC50) concluded that there is direct positive relationship between the copper concentration and mortality count. During the biosorption experiment, it was observed that Kafal leaves served as best biosorbent as it can remove upto 61.8% of copper ions from the solution in 120 minutes. The per cent removal of copper by Banj leaves, Banj Bark and Kafal bark were 59.8%, 58.7% and 56.9% respectively in decreasing order. There was increasing trend of percentage removal and adsorption capacity with contact time, which may be due to availability of binding sites in biosorbent materials, but after 90 minutes it become constant due to saturation of available metal binding sites. The present study also showed that the chronic sub-lethal copper concentration has a profound effect on Amur carp health, which is represented by noticeable changes in its behavior, growth parameters, haematological parameters and serum biochemical parameters. However, the use of biosorbents which are prepared from our indigenous tree resources can partially reduce the ill effects of copper toxicity against Amur carp upto a certain extent.