Bio-monitoring - a tool for assessment of biotic and abiotic parameters in two major Riverine ecosystem
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Date
2021-02
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Biomonitoring of two major riverine ecosystem Ganga and Yamuna was carried out to know the present situation of rivers. In Ganga river three sites from each district viz: Haridwar (A1), Bijnor (A2) and Muzaffarnagar (A3) and One site from Union territory Delhi (B1) and two sites from districts of U.P. viz: Mathura (B2) and Agra (B3) were selected from Yamuna river.In Ganga river a total of 39 fish species belonging to 8 orders and 16 families were recorded whereas in Yamuna river a total of 45 fish species belonging to 8 orders and 16 family were recorded. The Physico-chemical parameter of Ganga river was found better than Yamuna river. The occurrence of heavy metals in fishes of Ganga river were in order Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Hg > Cd. The level of Pb was found above the recommended level of WHO in fishes.The occurrence of heavy metals in Yamuna river were found in the order Zn> Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. The level of Pb, Cd, Hg & Cr were found above the recommended level of WHO in fishes. In Ganga river water heavy metals were found in the order: Pb> Cu> Zn> Cr> Cd> Hg while in Yamuna river found in the order: Cr> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd> Hg. Pb in Ganga &Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr & Zn in Yamuna water was found above the recommended level of WHO. The accumulation of heavy metals in Eichhornia crassipesof Ganga and Yamuna river was found in the order: Zn >Cr >Pb > Cu >Cd >Hg and Zn >Pb >Cr > Cu >Cd >Hg respectively. The level of heavy metals in sedimentof Ganga and Yamuna river was found in the order: Zn >Cr >Pb >Cu >Cd >Hg and Cr >Zn >Pb >Cu > Cd >Hg. In macro-benthic community of Ganga river were found in the order:Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Hg while in Yamuna Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. Planktonic density was greater in Yamuna river. Suitable bio-indicators from both the rivers were also documented.