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Studies on the Haemoglobin and Serum acid Phosphatase Enzyme polymorphism in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
(Department of Genetics College of Basic sciences & Humanities PAU, Ludhiana, 2002) Devgun, Anu
Open Access
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIVERSIFIED SET OF Triticum timopheevi BASED FERTILITY RESTORERS IN WHEAT
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Harmeet Singh; Srivastava, Puja
The study was based on 2100 backcross progenies derived from crosses of fertility restorers with 9 European winter wheat lines. BC1F6 progenies were evaluated at PAU, Ludhiana in 2017-18 for key traits of fertility restoration and anther extrusion, along with preliminary agronomic performance. On the scale of 1-9 for anther extrusion, about 75% progenies exhibited score of 7 and above as high anther extrusion winter wheat lines were used as parents. The range for fertility restoration varied from 12% - 80% in the backcross derivatives. Mean yield of the diversified restorer set was found to be higher than the R-parents. In the restorer evaluation trial, two top yielding lines were line no. 6 (R-1//AMORAK/R-19) and 78 (RS-534//HURLEY/R-4). A total of 26 restorer lines surpassed the highest yielding R-parent. The back cross derivatives involving Amorak as winter parent proved to be superior, followed by Exotic and Maxyl based restorers. R-1//AMORAK/R-19 came out to be best performing in terms of mean yield as well as fertility restoration, whereas R-1//AMORAK/R-1 and RW-17//EXOTIC/R-1, both proved to be best performing for pollen viability and anther size characters. RS-317//HURLEY/R-4 and RS-534//MAXYL/R-28 displayed superiority in terms of tiller number and thousand grain weight, respectively. In the preliminary evaluation of test hybrids, 11.1% F1s showed significant heterosis over commercial checks. The best hybrid from the restorer set was TH 32 (CMS BWL 3275 X R-4//HURLEY/R-1), exhibiting standard heterosis of 29.5%, 21.5%, 25.4% and 28.5%, over checks HD 2967, HD 3086, PBW 725 and PBW 723 respectively. In F2 populations derived from fully fertile F1s, significant association was observed between fertility restoring Rf8 gene with fertility restoration trait.
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Paddy straw, Growth, Lignocellulolytic, Laccase, Endoglucanase, Exoglucanase , -glucosidase, Pretreatment, Biogas, Delftia sp. PP4_S3, Coriolus versicolor MTCC 138
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Sandeep Kaur; Dhillon, Satwinder Kaur
Soybean harbours many anti-nutrients unsuitable for human digestive tract, among them “Kunitz Trypsin inhibitor (Kti)” is major anti-nutrient inhibiting activity of digestive proteases. Further, the crop is prone to devastating biotic stress i.e. yellow mosaic virus (YMV) prevalent in northern region of the country. Therefore, the present study was planned to identify YMV resistant soybean genotypes carrying null kti gene and cross was made between SL525 x NRC101 to develop YMV resistant and Kti free soybean genotypes. SL525 is YMV resistant but has Kti gene on the other hand NRC101 susceptible to YMV and lacks Kti gene referred to as ‘null kti’. A total of 45 F4 lines of the cross were screened for YMV resistance using infector row technique in kharif 2017. A total of 125 genotypes were selected and grown in kharif 2017 as F5 generation. Molecular markers (gene specific and SSR markers linked with kti locus) were used to screen plants for presence/absence of Kti allele. A total of 65 genotypes were Kti positive, 50 null kti and 10 genotypes were heterozygote. Phenotyping was done by measuring trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA). Consequently, the genotypes lacking Kti allele recorded reduced levels of TIA. Furthermore, YMV resistance of F5 genotypes was confirmed by molecular markers and phenotypic screening. Analysis of variance of F5 genotypes revealed that genetic variation for the morphological and quality traits was present in genotypes. Trypsin inhibitor activity was observed to be positively correlated with germination, days to maturity, plant height, grain yield and seed weight. Non significant direct effect of TIA was observed on grain yield whereas traits such as germination at 6 months after harvest, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, plant height, days to maturity showed significant positive direct effect on grain yield. The comparison of performance of null kti and kti genotypes revealed that null kti genotypes had low germination, delayed maturity, less grains and lower TIA values in comparison to kti genotypes whereas traits such as days to flowering, plant height, pods/plants, seed weight, oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition were unaffected by allele present. A total of 14 null kti genotypes had significantly higher grain yield than SL525 and these genotypes were resistant to yellow mosaic disease.
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Introgression of cotton leaf curl disease resistance from Gossypium armourianum to G. hirsutum
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Bhupinder Singh; Rathore, Pankaj
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of interspecific F1 hybrid and backcross derivatives of G. hirsutum and G. armourianum cross for response to cotton leaf curl disease as well as to identify the alien segments in the backcross derivatives. Experimental plant material consisted of G. armourianum Acc. PAU 1, G. hirsutum cv. F 1861 and LH 1556, their F1, BC1F1, BC2F1 derivatives. The interspecific F1hybrid between G. hirsutum and G. armourianum was found to be completely resistant to CLCuD. Two of the four BC1F1 plants were observed to be CLCuD resistant. Out of 84 BC2F1 plants, 43 were observed to be resistant, whereas 41 plants were susceptible to CLCuD. Total genomic DNA of the experimental plant materials was amplified employing virus specific primer pairs. Presence of virus DNA was detected in the American cotton parents as well as CLCuD susceptible backcross derivatives. Of the 100 SSR markers used to detect polymorphism in the parental lines, 52 were polymorphic and were used to identify alien segments in CLCuD resistant BC1F1 Plant 2. Eight markers were amplified in this plant demonstrating introgression from the G. armourianum parent. These primers were used to genotype 84 BC2F1plants. The range of G. armourianum specific alleles in the BC2F1plants was observed to be 38.09 through 75.0%. The introgression of G. armourianum specific chromosomal segments in the BC2F1 plants as revealed by SSR markers was independent of the CLCuD response suggesting that none of the eight primers may be linked to CLCuD resistance. Markers TMB 1271 and NAU 6316 exhibited segregation distortion and were transmitted in higher frequency than expected in the BC2F1 progeny.
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Evaluation of an intra-arboreum recombinant inbred line population
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Lakhvir Kaur; Pathak, Dharminder
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of intra-arboreum recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for various quantitative traits and to unravel molecular diversity among a subset of RILs. These two sets including 62 (Set I) and 34 (Set II) RILs along with parent LD 902 and standard check LD 949 were evaluated in a simple lattice design at three locations (Ludhiana, Bathinda, and Faridkot) during kharif 2016. Mean squares for genotypes, locations, and genotype x environment interaction were significant for all the characters except for genotype mean squares for elongation percentage and location mean squares for fibre strength in Set I and location mean squares for micronaire and fibre strength in Set II. The results suggested existence of substantial genetic variability in the experimental plant material, considerable differences among the locations, and profound effect on the expression of seed cotton yield, its components and fibre quality traits. Three RILs namely 431, 241, and 217 in Set I and RIL 105 in Set II significantly out yielded parent LD 902. RIL 105 of Set II appeared to be promising as it recorded numerically higher seed cotton yield than that of LD 949. It also recorded higher values for some of the yield component traits such as number of bolls plant-1, sympods plant-1, and boll weight. Twenty seven RILs of Set I registered significantly higher boll weight than that of LD 949. Ten RILs of Set I and five RILs of Set II possessed at least 18 g/tex fibre strength. Likewise, many transgressive segregants were identified for various traits. Based on SSR diversity analysis of 64 genotypes, RILs were broadly divided into three main clusters. No specific pattern for grouping of genotypes was observed. Substantial variation as revealed by dissimilarity coefficient (0.03 – 0.46) has been observed among different pairs of desi cotton recombinant inbred lines. Further, 29 pairs of RILs recorded at least 0.4 value of the genetic dissimilarity coefficient. The present study has provided a useful insight into performance of desi cotton RILs for various economic traits over locations as well as shed light on the molecular diversity/similarity among the test genotypes.
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Genetic variation for key enzymes involved in nitrogen uptake in American cotton
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Manjeet Kaur; Paramjit Singh
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate genetic variation for nitrogen uptake enzymes and to analyze the impact of varied nitrogen levels (0%, 50% and 100% N of RDF) on seed cotton yield, lint yield, and fibre properties of forty nine Gossypium hirsutum genotypes. The enzymes involved in N uptake (nitrate and nitrite reductase) were assayed for Bathinda, at pre-anthesis and post-anthesis stages for each genotype at each nitrogen levels along with chlorophyll and nitrogen content in leaves. The field evaluation of the plant material was undertaken in partially balanced lattice design (7 x 7) with two replications at Ludhiana and Bathinda. Mean squares for genotypes, locations, nitrogen level and genotype x environment, genotype x nitrogen level, genotype x location x interaction were significant for all the characters except for genotype mean squares for fibre fineness. The results suggested existence of substantial genetic variability in the experimental plant material, considerable differences among the locations, and profound effect on the expression of seed cotton yield, its components and fibre quality traits. Genotypes namely LH 900 and F 846 appeared to be promising as it recorded numerically higher enzyme activity at low nitrogen level (0% and 50% N) as compared to recommended dose of nitrogen. Higher enzyme activity of these genotypes at low N dose probably indicates their higher uptake as well as utilization efficiency over other genotypes It also recorded higher values for the yield as well as fibre component traits such as seed cotton yield plant-1, lint yield plant-1, boll weight, ginning out turn, 2.5% span length, and fibre strength. NR enzyme had positive and significant effect on NIR, N content, chlorophyll content, seed cotton yield and lint yield per plant. NIR enzyme showed positive significant effect on chlorophyll content. N content had positive effect on chlorophyll content and seed cotton yield. F846 and LH900 overall performed well as these genotypes were among the best for enzyme activity as well as for yield traits. These genotypes hold future potential for developing new cultivars with improved NUE.
Open Access
Marker assisted consolidation of low polyphenol oxidase and rust resistance genes in high grain protein bread wheat lines
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Gill, Manpartik S.; Bhagat, Indu
Low polyphenol content in wheat grain is a desirable quality trait, conferring bright, amber appearance to products including chapattis. The present study is based on two donor lines (09014/23 and Clear White 515- GpC) each possessing two major recessive QTL’s for low PPO, along with rust resistance genes (i.e. Yr5, Yr15, Yr36, Lr34 and Lr37) and high grain protein gene GpC-B1. The recipient lines BWL 5189 and BWL 5190 represent versions of superior chapatti quality variety PBW 550 carrying introgression of Yr15, Yr36, Lr34 and GpC-B1. The four all possible crosses were performed at main location (2015-16) and F1’s were grown at the PAU offseason research station during summer of 2016. F2 from four crosses were raised at main season location (PAU, Ludhiana) using a strategy for early planting with the objective of obtaining two generations within the season. Seedlings germinated in propagation trays at 14-18 ̊ C were transplanted in mid October and flowered near mid December. One population of 208 plants derived from a single F1 plant from cross, 09014/23 x BWL 5189 was chosen for marker analysis. Marker PPO33, PPO29 and Wmc175 for low PPO genes i.e. PpO- A1 (on chromosome 2A), PpO- D1 (on chromosome 2D) and Yr5 (on chromosome 2B) were used in the study. The marker profiling resulted in identification of 38 plants carrying desirable alleles for three genes, either in homozygous or heterozygous condition. Out of these 38, 2 were found to be homozygous for all the three target alleles. This population along with other F2 populations were carried forward using a rapid generation advanced (RGA) strategy involving, detached tiller culture, followed by harvesting and drying of immature caryopsis with or without cold treatment. Rapid generation advance system was refined further and caryopsis harvested at 16 Days after pollination (DAP) gave desirable combination of high germination with saving of time. It was also observed that cold treatment for 2 days prior to germination was not needed. The 2 homozygous progenies had PPO score of 1.8 and 2.0 as compared to 4.2 (out of 10) in the recipient parent BWL 5189 and 1.2 for 09014/23. The protein content of these were significantly higher (13.31% and 13.14%) than the grand parental line PBW 550 (12.3%) while their grain hardness was 10.69 Kg and 12.12 Kg as compared to 12.26 Kg of PBW 550 and 8.05 of 09014/23. The PPO allele profiling was extended to a set of 87 wheat varieties to see genetic changes that had taken place at this locus as we move from landraces to modern day cultivars.
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Genotypic variation for phytic acid content in wheat lines with high grain micronutrient
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Ramandeep Kaur; Sohu, V. S.
The present study was conducted to identify lines with enhanced micronutrients along with low phytic acid content in wheat. A set of 210 BC1F3 and 210 BC2F3 wheat backcross derivatives generated by crossing advanced backcross lines of T. durum having grain zinc QTL introgressed from T. monococcum and T. boeoticum with high yielding varieties as a recipient parent, were taken as a base material to assess the variation for phytic acid content. Among wheat backcross lines, 107 genotypes from BC1F3 and 93 genotypes from BC2F3 progenies were shortlisted on the basis of high grain iron and zinc concentration and rust resistance. The phytic acid content of the shortlisted genotypes was assessed that ranged from 10.92 – 63.93 mg/g of whole wheat meal. From the shortlisted genotypes, 35 promising genotypes were further selected that had the combination of high grain iron concentration, high grain zinc concentration, low phytic acid content and rust resistance. The promising genotypes were sown for generation advancement in off season. BC1F5 and BC2F5 progenies having high grain micronutrient along with low phytic acid content were evaluated for morphological and grain quality parameters. The variation in the genotypes was significant for all the traits studied except the grain iron concentration. For the grain zinc concentration, the genotype from the cross WH1105*3/BF20 possessed highest zinc concentration among all the genotypes. The genotype from the cross PBW698*3/BF22 had lowest phytic acid content among all the genotypes and it had high zinc concentration as well. Although the genotype had combination of both the traits i.e. high grain zinc and low phytic acid content but it was low yielding. Analysis of variation and correlation studies showed that the genotypes which possessed high grain protein content and grain zinc concentration were low yielding with less number of grains per spike, late maturity and relatively more plant height. Phytic acid content did not show any significant correlation with traits studied suggesting the possibility of selection and breeding for low phytic acid content without any impact on other desired traits.
Open Access
Genetic diversity in relation to heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using exotic germplasm
(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Chahal, Ravneet Kaur; Dhillon, S.K.
The present investigation was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2016 to study Genetic diversity in relation to heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using exotic germplasm. The morphological and genetic diversity analysis revealed a lot of diversity between parental lines. On the basis of D2 analysis, parental genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. Maximum divergence was observed between the genotypes of cluster VI and VII (as indicated by Euclidean distance values). Based on genetic diversity, the dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.11 to 0.71 signifying divergence among the genotypes. Genotypic pairs OPH 87 and TSG 310 & OPH 91 and TSG 310 had utmost genetic dissimilarity of 71%, while, OPH 87 and OPH 91 had the minimum genetic dissimilarity of 11%. For seed yield and its component traits; CMS 42A, CMS 47A, CMS 607A, TSG 277, TSG 288, OPH 71 and 95-C-1 were good general combiners. The role of female parents was more in expression of all the traits as compared to male parents. The hybrids; CMS 42A × OPH 71, CMS 40A × TSG 288, CMS 40A × TSG 289, CMS 42A × OPH 91 and CMS 40A × 95-C-1 were identified as best specific combiners for seed yield, CMS 40A × TSG 259, CMS 607A × TSG 271, CMS 40A × OPH 73, CMS 42A × TSG 277 and CMS 40A × TSG 263 for oil content and CMS 40A × TSG 288, CMS 40A × TSG 289, CMS 42A × OPH 91, CMS 40A × 95-C-1 and CMS 47A × OPH 91 for oleic acid content. For seed yield, oil content and oleic acid content, the maximum standard heterosis over check PSH 1962 was recorded as 58.58 per cent for the cross CMS 607A × OPH 71, 12.13 per cent for CMS 40A × TSG 259 and 46.25 per cent for CMS 40 × TSG 288, respectively. Correlations between morphological and molecular diversity with extent of heterosis were worked out. Studies on correlation between heterosis and genetic diversity revealed positive association for autogamy, oil content and palmitic acid and negative association for plant height, head diameter and biological yield.

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