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ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EXISTING LEVEL OF LIVING OF RURAL AND URBAN FAMILIES OF BATHINDA DISTRICT(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1992) SINGLA, SANGEETA; OBEROI, K.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MILK LIPIDS OF COW AND BUFFALO DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF LACTATION(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1991) SACHDEVA, VEER KARAN; SHARMA, KULDIP CHANDThesisItem Open Access A SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF INTER- GENERATIONAL MOBILITY AMONG RURAL POPULATION OF MAZHA CULTURAL ZONE OF PUNJAB - A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 2005) JASPREET KAUR; GUPTA, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY INTO PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF EUCALYPTUS IN TARAI REGION OF UTTAR PRADESH(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1988) KULDIP SINGH; GILL, G.SThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF CONSUMERS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SELECTED BRANDS OF PREMIUM CARS : A CASE STUDY OF LUDHIANA CITY(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1996) BRAR, MANINDER PAL SINGH; KAPOOR, SANDEEPThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF DESI JUTTI IN PUNJAB(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1989) GOYAL, MONIKA; RAJOR, KIRTIThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF GROWTH OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LUDHIANA CITY(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1991) NAVPREET SINGH; ZAHIR, M. A.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF MARKETING PRACTICES OF SELECTED POTATO SEED TUBER GROWERS IN PUNJAB(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 2009) ANUPAM; BANGA, GAGANDEEPThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF THE CHOICE OF FIELD OF SPECIALIZATION BY B.SC (AGRI.)STUDENTS OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LUDHIANA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EXTENTION EDUCATION(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1986) BREDDY SURENDER; GILL, S. S.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON INSTALMENT BUYING BY FAMILIES FROM DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS OF LUDHIANA CITY(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 2005) KLAIR, MANDEEP KAUR; JINDAL, USHAThesisItem Open Access ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSIVENESS AND CONTROL OF GERMINABILITY IN WHEAT(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1991) GILL, KULWINDERJIT SINGH; BASRA, AMARJIT SINGHThesisItem Open Access ABSENTEEISM AMONG TEXTILE WORKERS IN LUDHIANA(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1985) PANNUN, HARWANT MOHINDER BIR SINGH; D. R. SINGHThesisItem Open Access Absorption and metabolism of fipronil in sugarcane and its persistence in soil(PAU, 2012) Mandal, Kousik; Balwinder SinghThe persistence and metabolism of fipronil in sugarcane leaves and soil were studied following application of fipronil @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha -1 . Samples of sugarcane leaves and soil were collected at various time intervals and analysed by using Gas Liquid Chromatograph (GLC) and confirmed by Gas Liquid Chromatograph –Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The total residues of fipronil and its metabolites in sugarcane leavesafter 7 days of its application @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha -1 were found to be 0.26 and 0.66 mg kg -1 , respectively.These residues could not be detected after 60 and 90 days following the application of ipronil at lower and higher dosages, respectively. The samples of sugarcane juice did not reveal the resence of fipronil residues at harvest. Maximum residues of fipronil and its metabolites in soil samples were found to be 0.025 and 0.098 mg kg -1 collected 7 days after the application of fipronil @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha -1 , respectively. These residues could not be detected after 210 and 240 days following the application of fipronil at lower and higher dosages, respectively. In laboratory experiment, the residues of total fipronil in sandy loam, loam and clay loam after 7 day of its application @ 100 mg kg -1 were found to be 74.30, 75.80 and 82.50 mg kg -1 , respectively. The persistence of fipronil was found to be almost equal in all types of soil. Three soil microbes viz. Bacillus firmus, Bacillus aerophilus ndBacillus thuringiensis were isolated and identified from sugarcane fields These were found to be very ffective in degradation of fipronil.ThesisItem Open Access Absorption and Metabolism of Fipronil in Sugarcane and its Persistence in Soil(2012) Mandal, KousikThe persistence and metabolism of fipronil in sugarcane leaves and soil were studied following application of fipronil @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha-1. Samples of sugarcane leaves and soil were collected at various time intervals and analysed by using Gas Liquid Chromatograph (GLC) and confirmed by Gas Liquid Chromatograph –Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The total residues of fipronil and its metabolites in sugarcane leaves after 7 days of its application @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha-1 were found to be 0.26 and 0.66 mg kg-1, respectively.These residues could not be detected after 60 and 90 days following the application of fipronil at lower and higher dosages, respectively. The samples of sugarcane juice did not reveal the presence of fipronil residues at harvest. Maximum residues of fipronil and its metabolites in soil samples were found to be 0.025 and 0.098 mg kg-1 collected 7 days after the application of fipronil @ 75 and 300 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. These residues could not be detected after 210 and 240 days following the application of fipronil at lower and higher dosages, respectively. In laboratory experiment, the residues of total fipronil in sandy loam, loam and clay loam after 7 day of its application @ 100 mg kg-1 were found to be 74.30, 75.80 and 82.50 mg kg-1, respectively. The persistence of fipronil was found to be almost equal in all types of soil. Three soil microbes viz. Bacillus firmus, Bacillus aerophilus and Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated and identified from sugarcane fields. These were found to be very effective in degradation of fipronil.ThesisItem Open Access ABSORPTION OF B-CAROTENE FROM COMMON PUNJABI DIETS(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1992) NEERAJA RANI; HIRA, C. K.ThesisItem Open Access Abundance and breeding biology of Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii) in village ponds of Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Sukhbirpal Kaur; Kler, Tejdeep KaurThe present study was undertaken to investigate the abundance of Indian Pond Heron and other water birds species in and around the village ponds of Punjab. In addition the breeding biology including the pair formation, nesting sites, egg laying, clutch size, hatching period and hatching success of Indian Pond Heron was also studied. The study was carried out in and around village ponds of District Barnala and Ludhiana from February 2017 to January 2018. A total of 54 bird species were recorded out of 17 bird species were water dependent. Indian Pond Heron was found less abundant in Punjab. The breeding period started from March to September. It preferred indigenous trees like Peepal, Banyan, Jamun, Dhek and Kikar for nest building. Nest was more commonly at upper and outer canopy of trees. Nest was unarranged, flat made of sticks and twigs and was always recorded at heights above 6 m. Clutch size varied between 2 to 5 eggs. Clutch of three eggs was most common. Eggs of were sea green, oval and without spots. Egg length and egg width varied from 26.34 mm to 43.56 mm and 18.37 mm to 34.45 mm respectively. Egg weight varied from 9.13 gm to 15.03 gm. Egg albumen ranged from 2.94 gm to 4.55 gm; egg yolk weight ranged from 5.22 gm to 8.15 gm; egg shell weight varied from 1.00 gm to 1.32 gm. Mean egg shell thickness recorded was 0.28 ± 0.01 mm. Percentage of calcium carbonate ranged between 63.96 per cent to 86.41 per cent. Mean calcium carbonate content in egg shells of Indian Pond Heron was 0.81 ± 0.01 gm.ThesisItem Open Access Abundance and foraging activity of bees and honey production potential in various cultivars of non-transgenic and transgenic cotton(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-, 2020) Bajaj, Kavita; Chhuneja, Pardeep KumarStudies on „Abundance and foraging activity of bees and honey production potential in various cultivars of non-transgenic and transgenic cotton‟ were carried out at Faridkot (Punjab) during 2017-2019. Investigations were carried out on diversity and relative abundance of the pollinator fauna, foraging activity (foraging intensity, rate & mode, and proportion of nectar/ pollen foragers) of honey bees, floral pollen quantity, and nectar quantity and quality in various nectaries in Gossypium arboreum and non-transgenic and transgenic Gossypium hirsutum cultivars, Bt gene expression in the pollen of transgenic G. hirsutum cultivars, and relative development of Apis mellifera colonies placed in transgenic G. hirsutum cultivars vis-à-vis those in non-transgenic G. hirsutum cultivars, were also investigated. Two apoids (Apis dorsata and Apis florea) were recorded from G. arboreum and three (A. dorsata, A. florea, and Xylocopa fenestrata) from G. hirsutum. A total of seven pollinators were recorded and their identity confirmed using molecular techniques (DNA barcoding). Apis dorsata and Apis florea were recorded from G. arboreum, while A. dorsata, A. florea, Xylocopa fenestrata, Sceliphron madraspatanum, Polistes wattii, Eristalinus quinquelineatus and Musca convexifrons were recorded from non-transgenic and transgenic G. hirsutum cultivars, and their clean edited barcode sequences were submitted to NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information) and BOLD (The Barcode of Life Data System). The foraging intensity and foraging rate of Apis spp were the highest on transgenic G. hirsutum during different times of the days compared to other cultivars. Nectar secretion by flowers, subbracteal nectaries and leaf nectaries was significantly higher in transgenic G. hirsutum group. Nectar sugar concentration was equivalent in G. arboreum and non-transgenic G. hirsutum cultivars, but higher in transgenic G. hirsutum. The honey production potential was the highest in transgenic G. hirsutum group (13.77-24.57 kg/ha) while it was 16.02-18.06 kg/ha in non-transgenic G. hirsutum group and 1.17-2.14 kg/ha in G. arboreum group. Pollen production per 25 flowers was also the highest in transgenic G. hirsutum group i.e. 524.12 mg. The expression of the Cry1Ac protein in the pollen of BGI and BGII cotton was in the range of 61.18-72.93 ng/g, the minimum being in RCH773. The expression of Cry2Ab protein in BGII cotton cultivars ranged between 244.77-292.71 ng/g, the lowest being again in RCH773 during the whole flowering season. In respect of colony development, differences among F2228 (non-transgenic G. hirsutum), PAU Bt1 (transgenic G. hirsutum; BGI), and RCH773 (transgenic G. hirsutum; BGII) for bee strength, brood rearing, and pollen and honey hoarding were non-significant. The information generated from the diversity and abundance of bees, foraging behaviour, honey production potential, pollen production, Bt gene expression in the pollen, and its impact on honey bee colonies brings forth the usefulness of Bt cotton for apiculture.ThesisItem Open Access ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND ACADEMIC ASPIRATIONS OF RURAL TENTH CLASS GIRLS(PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; LUDHIANA, 1988) DHALIWAL, KANWALJIT KAUR; GOYAL, G.