Genetic diversity in relation to heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using exotic germplasm
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Date
2018
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken in the Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during the year 2016 to study Genetic diversity in relation to heterosis and combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) using exotic germplasm. The morphological and genetic diversity analysis revealed a lot of diversity between parental lines. On the basis of D2 analysis, parental genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. Maximum divergence was observed between the genotypes of cluster VI and VII (as indicated by Euclidean distance values). Based on genetic diversity, the dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.11 to 0.71 signifying divergence among the genotypes. Genotypic pairs OPH 87 and TSG 310 & OPH 91 and TSG 310 had utmost genetic dissimilarity of 71%, while, OPH 87 and OPH 91 had the minimum genetic dissimilarity of 11%. For seed yield and its component traits; CMS 42A, CMS 47A, CMS 607A, TSG 277, TSG 288, OPH 71 and 95-C-1 were good general combiners. The role of female parents was more in expression of all the traits as compared to male parents. The hybrids; CMS 42A × OPH 71, CMS 40A × TSG 288, CMS 40A × TSG 289, CMS 42A × OPH 91 and CMS 40A × 95-C-1 were identified as best specific combiners for seed yield, CMS 40A × TSG 259, CMS 607A × TSG 271, CMS 40A × OPH 73, CMS 42A × TSG 277 and CMS 40A × TSG 263 for oil content and CMS 40A × TSG 288, CMS 40A × TSG 289, CMS 42A × OPH 91, CMS 40A × 95-C-1 and CMS 47A × OPH 91 for oleic acid content. For seed yield, oil content and oleic acid content, the maximum standard heterosis over check PSH 1962 was recorded as 58.58 per cent for the cross CMS 607A × OPH 71, 12.13 per cent for CMS 40A × TSG 259 and 46.25 per cent for CMS 40 × TSG 288, respectively. Correlations between morphological and molecular diversity with extent of heterosis were worked out. Studies on correlation between heterosis and genetic diversity revealed positive association for autogamy, oil content and palmitic acid and negative association for plant height, head diameter and biological yield.
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